Types of RANDOM SAMPLING

SIMPLE RANDOM RAMPLING

A simple random sample is a subset of a statistical population in which each member of the
subset has an equal probability of being chosen.

A simple random sample is meant to be an unbiased representation of a group. It is

considered a fair way to select a sample from a larger population, since every member of
the population has an equal chance of getting selected. Simple random sampling is more
commonly used when the researcher does not know about the characteristics of the
population. If the researcher knew more, it would be better to use a different sampling
technique, such as stratified random sampling, which helps to account for the differences
within the population, such as age, race or gender.

STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING

Stratified random sampling is a technique of sampling that involves the separation of a
population into smaller groups known as strata (strata are formed based on members'
shared characteristics). Then a random sample from each stratum is taken in a number
proportional to the stratum's size when compared to the population. These subsets of the
strata are then pooled to form a random sample.
The main advantage with stratified sampling is how it captures key population
characteristics in the sample.

SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING

Systematic sampling is a type of probability sampling method in which sample members
from a larger population are selected according to a random starting point and a fixed
periodic interval. This interval, called the sampling interval, is calculated by dividing the
population size by the desired sample size.

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One risk that statisticians must take into account when conducting systematic sampling
involves how the list used with the sampling interval is organized. If the population placed
on the list is organized in a cyclical pattern that matches the sampling interval, the selected
sample may be biased. For example, a company's human resources department wants to
pick a sample of employees and ask how they feel about company policies. Employees are
grouped in teams of 20, with each team headed by a manager. If the list used to pick the
sample size is organized with teams clustered together, the statistician risks picking only
managers (or no managers at all) depending on the sampling interval.
Another non random sampling is Cluster Sampling:

CLUSTER SAMPLING

Cluster sampling divides the population into clusters, and then takes a simple random
sample from each cluster.

Cluster sampling is considered less precise than other methods of sampling. However, it
may save costs on obtaining a sample. Cluster sampling is a two-step sampling procedure.
It may be used when completing a list of the entire population is difficult.

For example, it could be difficult to construct the entire population of the customers of a
grocery store to interview. However, a person could create a random subset of stores,
which is the first step in the process. The second step is to interview a random sample of
the customers of those stores. This is a simple manual process that can save time and
money.