Excel Review Center ECE Refresher/Coaching Course EST TH 2

Which part of the sinewave expression whereas the sinewave has only one. A. Modulating signal
cannot be varied in accordance with the (Ans.) B. Information signal
low-frequency intelligence to create a C. The square wave is much easier to C. Modulating wave
modulated signal? cover by noise. D. Carrier (Ans.)
D. The square wave must also include an
A. Phase offset (dc) voltage, whereas the A 7.0-MHz carrier is modulated by a
B. Frequency sinewave does not. voice signal that has three frequency
C. Time (Ans.) components of 100 Hz, 200 Hz, and 300
D. Amplitude The relationship between information and Hz. What three frequencies comprise the
bandwidth is called lower sideband?
Communication systems are most often
categorized by what characteristic? A. Information theory A. 6.9997 MHz, 6.9998 MHz, and
B. Fourier analysis 6.9999 MHz (Ans.)
A. Modulation frequency C. FFT B. 100 Hz, 200 Hz, and 300 Hz
B. Carrier frequency (Ans.) D. Hartley's law (Ans.) C. 6.9999 MHz, 7.0000 MHz, and
C. Transmission distance 7.0001 MHz
D. Information transmitted Aliasing can be defined as errors D. 7.0001 MHz, 7.0002 MHz, and
occurring when 7.0003 MHz
Voltage gain in decibels is
A. The input frequency exceeds the The total output power of an AM
A. 10 ln V2/V1 sample rate. (Ans.) transmitter is measured to be 850 W.
B. 10 log V2/V1 B. The bandwidth is less than the input What is the total output sideband power if
C. 20 ln V2/V1 frequency. it has a percent modulation of 100%?
D. 20 log V2/V1 (Ans.) C. The type of modulation has been
incorrectly identified. A. 425 W
Which expression indicates a D. The sampling signal has been B. 850 W
measurement using a 1- W reference? incorrectly identified. C. 283.3 W (Ans.)
D. 141.65 W
A. dBm(1) Communication systems are most often
B. dB1 categorized by what characteristic? A 100-kHz carrier is modulated by a 20-
C. dBW (Ans.) Hz – 2kHz signal. The upper sideband is
D. dB(W) A. Modulation frequency
B. Carrier frequency (Ans.) A. 102 kHz
An amplifier operating over a 2-MHz C. Transmission distance B. 100.02 kHz to 102 kHz (Ans.)
bandwidth has a 75 input resistance. If it D. Information transmitted C. 101 kHz
is operating at 22° C and has a voltage D. 100.002 kHz to 102 kHz
gain of 300, the noise produced at the The oscillator design that uses a third
output of this amplifier would be capacitor in the tank circuit for swamping One full revolution of a phasor generates
approximately out the effect of the transistor's internal which percentage of a full sinewave?
capacitances is the
A. 128 V A. 25%
B. 7.33 pV A. Hartley design B. 50%
C. 1.56 V B. Clapp design (Ans.) C. 100% (Ans.)
D. 469 V (Ans.) C. Colpitts design D. 200%
D. Crystal design
Which of the following is not an example An AM waveform at maximum is 100 Vp-
of external noise? The ability of a crystal to oscillate at its p and at minimum is 40 Vp-p. The
resonant frequency is due to modulation percentage is
A. Fluorescent light
B. Solar emission A. The flywheel effect A. 250%
C. Resistor noise (Ans.) B. Barkhausen criteria B. 40%
D. Lightning C. The piezoelectric effect (Ans.) C. 25%
D. Frequency synthesis D. 37.5% (Ans.)
An amplifier's output signal has 25 mVp-p
of desired signal mixed in with 45 Vrms of The Barkhausen criteria has to do with A transmitter having a 900- W carrier
undesired noise. The load impedance is transmits 1188 W when modulated with a
50. What is the amplifier's output S/N A. Receiver noise single sinewave. If the carrier is
level in dB? B. Fourier analysis simultaneously modulated with another
C. Oscillation (Ans.) sinewave at 60% modulation, calculate
A. 22.9 dB D. Troubleshooting the total transmitted power.
B. 54.9 dB
C. 45.9 dB (Ans.) Which of the following can be called a A. 1084 W
D. 51.9 dB troubleshooting plan? B. 1170 W
C. 1350 W (Ans.)
Why does a 5-kHz square wave require a A. Symptoms as clues to faulty stages D. 1224 W
greater bandwidth than a 2-kHz B. Signal tracing and signal injection
sinewave? C. Voltage and resistance measure Low-level modulation is
D. Substitution
A. The square wave has a larger E. All the above (Ans.) A. The most economic approach for
frequency than the sinewave. low-power transmitters.
B. The square wave has an infinite In a modulated system, the low-frequency
number of harmonics, intelligence signal is not called the

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Excel Review Center ECE Refresher/Coaching Course EST TH 2
B. Characterized by the use of "linear" A. Verify that a problem exists. The image frequency for a standard
power amplifiers to amplify the AM B. Isolate the defective stage. broadcast receiver using a 455-kHz IF and
signal. C. Isolate the defective component. tuned to a station at 680 kHz would be
C. Characterized by having the carrier D. Replace the defective component and
and the intelligence signals mix at hot check. (Ans.) A. 1135 kHz
low power levels B. 225 kHz
D. All the above. (Ans.) A technique that helps you understand C. 1590 kHz (Ans.)
how a carrier and sideband combine to D. 1815 kHz
The main advantage of a high-level form the AM waveform is _____.
modulation system compared to a low- Double conversion is used to overcome
level system is that it A. the tangential method. the problem of
B. phasor representation. (Ans.)
A. Allows more efficient amplification. C. keying A. Image frequency (Ans.)
(Ans.) D. None of the above. B. Tracking
B. Allows use of low-powered C. Diagonal clipping
intelligence signal. The main problem with the TRF design is D. Poor sensitivity
C. Provides higher modulation
percentage. A. Lack of selectivity in receiving all An auxiliary AGC diode
D. Is more economical. AM stations
B. Poor demodulation of an AM station A. Reduces selectivity
What is the purpose of a buffer amplifier C. Frustration in tuning to receive more B. Increases sensitivity
stage in a transmitter? than one station (Ans.) C. Decreases sensitivity (Ans.)
D. Lack of sensitivity in receiving all D. All the above
A. It prevents transmitters from AM stations
producing spurious frequencies in the Which of the following would occur in a
output signals. The sensitivity of a receiver has to do receiver not having AGC?
B. It provides power amplification with with its ability to
high efficiency. A. The speaker output level would
C. Its high input impedance prevents A. Withstand shock drastically change while tuning from
oscillators from drifting of frequency. B. Receive one station versus another a weak signal to a strong signal.
(Ans.) C. Receive weak stations (Ans.) B. Local stations would easily produce
D. It amplifies audio frequencies before D. All the above distorted signals in the speaker.
modulation occurs. C. There would be a constant need to
When the input to an ideal nonlinear readjust the volume control as the
The purpose of an antenna coupler is to device is an AM waveform consisting of a weather and ionosphere change.
carrier and its sidebands, the output of D. All the above (Ans.)
A. Match the output impedance of the nonlinear mixing produces the original
transmitter with the antenna's intelligence because The only roadblock to having a complete
impedance to provide maximum receiver manufactured on an integrated
power transfer.(Ans.) A. The intelligence signal is one of its circuit is
B. Allow the transmitter to be connected inputs.
to several antennas at the same time. B. A dc component is also produced. A. Tuned circuits and volume controls
C. Filter out the carrier frequency from C. The difference between the carrier (Ans.)
the transmitter's AM output signal. and its sidebands is the original B. Cost
D. Cause the transmitter to operate at intelligence frequency. (Ans.) C. Phase-locked loops
more than one carrier frequency at D. The intelligence frequencies are the D. Ceramic filters
the same time. upper and the lower sideband
frequencies. The decibel difference between the largest
The main reason for using a dummy tolerable receiver input signal and its
antenna is to An AM signal having a carrier frequency sensitivity is called
of 940 kHz is to be mixed with a local
A. Prevent damage to output circuits. oscillator output signal in order to A. The decibel power gain of the
B. Minimize damage to the regular produce an intermediate frequency of receiver
antenna. 455 kHz. At what should the L.O. B. Automatic gain control (AGC)
C. Prevent overmodulation. frequency be set? C. The dynamic range of the receiver
D. Prevent undesired transmissions. (Ans.)
(Ans.) A. 455 kHz D. The IF amplifier gain
B. 1395 kHz (Ans.)
A spectrum analyzer is C. 910 kHz The simplest AM detector is the
D. 1850 kHz
A. An instrument that displays A. Synchronous detector
amplitude versus frequency on a Diodes that have been specially fabricated B. Product detector
CRT. to produce a capacitance that varies C. Heterodyne detector
B. Often used to determine if a inversely proportional to the amount of D. Diode detector (Ans.)
transmitter's output signal is free reverse bias are called
from any spurious signals. Tracking in a superhet receiver is
C. Can be thought of as a radio receiver A. Varactor diodes accomplished using a
with broad frequency range. B. Varicap diodes
D. All the above. (Ans.) C. VVC diodes A. Trimmer capacitor
D. All the above (Ans.) B. Padder capacitor
The strategy for repair of electronic C. Varicap diode
equipment includes the following. D. A and B (Ans.)

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Excel Review Center ECE Refresher/Coaching Course EST TH 2
If no stations are picked up on the lower D. Tank circuit (Ans.) A. Ring modulator (Ans.)
half of the AM band, the likely problem is B. Phase modulator
Another term for ripple amplitude for a C. Lattice modulator
A. Low RF gain ceramic filter is D. All the above
B. Poor AGC operation
C. IF selectivity A. The shape factor Describe the oscilloscope waveform of an
D. LO tracking (Ans.) B. The peak-to-valley ratio (Ans.) SSB transmitter's balanced modulator if it
C. The insertion loss exhibits carrier leak through.
If no sound is heard from a receiver, the D. The quality factor
most likely problem area is the A. Trapezoidal wave
Which of the following is not an B. Sinewave
A. Power supply (Ans.) advantage of the phase method over the C. FM wave
B. RF section filter method in producing SSB? D. AM wave (Ans.)
C. Audio amplifier
D. AGC diode A. The design of the 90º phase-shift The two- tone test is used to
network for the intelligence
An SSB signal with a maximum level of frequencies is simple. (Ans.) A. Test carrier suppression
200 Vp-p into a 50- load results in a PEP B. Lower intelligence frequencies can B. Test filter ripple
rating of be economically used, because a C. Test amplifier linearity (Ans.)
high-Q filter is not necessary. D. None of the above
A. 200 W C. Intermediate balanced modulators
B. 50 W are not necessary, because high-Q Angle modulation includes the following
C. 100 W (Ans.) filters are not needed. types of modulation:
D. 800 W D. It is easier to switch from one
sideband to the other. A. FM
State the chief advantage(s) of a standard B. PM
SSB system. Once an SSB signal has been generated, it C. AM
must be amplified by D. A and B (Ans.)
A. Maximum signal range with
minimum transmitted power A. A nonlinear amplifier to conserve The amount of frequency increase and
B. Easy carrier reinsertion bandwidth decrease around the center frequency in
C. Elimination of carrier interference B. A nonlinear amplifier to conserve an FM signal is called the
D. A and C (Ans.) energy
C. A linear amplifier to conserve A. Index of modulation
The noise advantage of SSB over AM is bandwidth B. Frequency deviation (Ans.)
D. A linear amplifier to avoid C. Phase deviation
A. 3–5 dB distortion(Ans.) D. Bandwidth of the FM signal
B. 5–7 dB
C. 8–10 dB The advantages provided by carrier The amount of frequency deviation is
D. 10–12 dB (Ans.) elimination in SSB do not apply to dependent on the intelligence frequency in
transmission of
What is the difference between a balanced A. An FM signal
modulator and a regular modulator? A. Code B. A PM signal (Ans.)
B. Music (Ans.) C. Both FM and PM signals
A. There is no carrier produced in the C. Noise D. Neither FM nor PM signals
output of a balanced modulator. D. All the above
(Ans.) An FM signal has an intelligence
B. In a balanced modulator, there is 180º Provide the approximate "outside-of- frequency of 2 kHz and a maximum
phase shift between the upper and passband" attenuation of a Butterworth deviation of 10 kHz. If its carrier
lower sidebands. filter. frequency is set at 162.4 MHz, what is its
C. In a balanced modulator, only one index of modulation?
sideband is produced. A. 3-dB slope per octave
D. In a balanced modulator, harmonics B. 3-dB slope per decade A. 10
of the sidebands are suppressed. C. 6-dB slope per octave (Ans.) B. 5 (Ans.)
D. 6-dB slope per decade C. 2
In a balanced-ring modulator, the carrier D. 20
suppression is accomplished by An SSB receiver recreates the original
intelligence signal by The amount an FM carrier frequency
A. A dual-gate FET having symmetry deviates for a given modulating input
B. Center-tapped transformers causing A. Mixing the USB with LSB signals voltage level is called the
canceling magnetic fields (Ans.) and filtering out the resulting
C. The nonlinearity of the diodes that different frequencies A. Frequency deviation
are used B. Filtering out the difference between B. Index of modulation
D. Symmetrical differential amplifier either sideband and the internally C. Deviation constant (Ans.)
stages generated carrier signal (Ans.) D. Deviation ratio
C. Filtering out the harmonics of the
Which cannot be used successfully to received sideband signal frequencies Standard FM broadcast stations use a
convert DSB-SC to SSB? D. Amplifying the dc term produced by maximum bandwidth of
mixing action
A. Crystal filter A. 150 kHz
B. Ceramic filter Common types of balanced modulators B. 200 kHz (Ans.)
C. Mechanical filter include C. 75 kHz

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Excel Review Center ECE Refresher/Coaching Course EST TH 2
D. 15 kHz B. Convert the L and R channels to L+R The Foster-Seely detector design is
and L–R channels (Ans.) superior to the ratio detector in that it
Carson's rule is used to approximate the C. Separate the left channel from the
necessary right channel A. Does not respond to any undesired
D. Modulate the L+R and L– R signals amplitude variations
A. Frequency deviation with the carrier signal B. Also provides an output AGC signal
B. Bandwidth (Ans.) C. Offers superior linear response to
C. Capture ratio An FM signal has an intelligence wideband FM deviations (Ans.)
D. Modulation index frequency of 5 kHz and a maximum D. Does not need a limiter stage
deviation of 25 kHz. Its index of
An FM transmitter has an output power of modulation is Local oscillator reradiation refers to
500 W when it is not modulated. When radiation through the
intelligence is added, its modulation index A. 125
is 2.0. What is its output power with a B. 0.2 A. Receiver's wiring
modulation index of 2.0? C. 5 (Ans.) B. IF transformer
D. 6 C. Antenna (Ans.)
A. 250 W D. All the above
B. 500 W (Ans.) Frequency multipliers
C. 1000 W Which is not one of the three stages in
D. 2000 W A. Are used to multiply the frequency of which a PLL can be operated?
the carrier signal of an FM signal
Another way to describe the modulation B. Consist of a class C amplifier A. Free-running
index is using the followed by a tank circuit that filters B. Capture
out a single harmonic C. Locked/tracking
A. Deviation ratio (Ans.) C. Are used to multiply the frequency D. Searching (Ans.)
B. Deviation constant deviation of an FM signal
C. Capture ratio D. All the above (Ans.) A PLL is set up so that its VCO free-runs
D. Maximum deviation at 8.9 MHz. The VCO does not change
A difference between AM and FM frequency unless its input is within ± 75
The inherent ability of FM to minimize receiver block diagrams is that the FM kHz of 8.9 MHz. After it does lock, the
the effect of undesired signals operating at version includes a input frequency can be adjusted within
the same or nearly the same frequency as ±120 kHz of 8.9 MHz without having the
the desired station is known as the A. Limiter PLL start to free-run again. The capture
B. Discriminator range of the PLL is
A. Capture effect (Ans.) C. De-emphasis network
B. Signal-to-noise ratio D. All the above (Ans.) B. 75 kHz
C. Noise figure B. 120 kHz
D. Bessel function An FM receiver rarely works C. 150 kHz (Ans.)
satisfactorily without an RF amplifier D. 240 kHz
In a Crosby FM transmitter, an FM signal because
having a center frequency of 2.04 MHz Slope detection is seldom used due to
and a deviation of 69 Hz is passed A. FM receivers typically work with
through four cascaded frequency smaller input signal levels due to A. Nonlinearity (Ans.)
multiplier stages: two triplers, one their noise characteristics (Ans.) B. Attenuation
doubler, and one quadrupler. What type of B. FM receivers have a narrower C. Complexity
signal appears at the output of the last bandwidth. D. All the above
multiplier stage? C. FM receivers do not have very much
gain in their IF amplifier stages. In an FM stereo receiver, what is the
A. Center frequency of 2.04 MHz and D. FM receivers need RF amplifier purpose of the 23–53-kHz filter?
deviation of 4.96 kHz stages to be able to decode stereo
B. Center frequency of 146.88 MHz and signals. A. To filter out the SCA signal at the
deviation of 4.96 kHz (Ans.) output of the discriminator
C. Center frequency of 2.04 MHz and A certain FM receiver provides a voltage B. To filter out the L – R signal at
deviation of 69 Hz gain of 113 dB prior to its limiter. The the output of the discriminator
D. Center frequency of 146.88 MHz and limiter's quieting voltage is 400 mV. Its (Ans.)
deviation of 69 Hz sensitivity is approximately C. To filter out the L + R signal at
the output of the discriminator
The circuitry used to increase the A. 2.0 µV D. To produce separate L and R signals
operating frequency of a transmitter up to B. 1.0 µV from the L + R and L – signals
a specified value is called the C. 0.9 µV (Ans.)
D. 0.7 µV A dual audio amplifier is rated to provide
A. Multiplier 65 dB of channel separation. If the right
B. Expander The use of dual-gate MOSFETs in RF channel has 4 W of output power, how
C. Pump chain (Ans.) amplifier stages much of this power could be due to the
D. All the above left channel intelligence?
A. Offers increased dynamic range over
The purpose of the matrix network in a those of JFETs (Ans.) A. 4W
stereo FM broadcast transmitter is to B. Produces higher-frequency responses B. 79 nW
than do JFETs C. 1.26 W (Ans.)
A. Mix the 38-kHz pilot carrier with the C. Produces higher values of voltage D. 2.25 mW
L–R audio gain than do JFETs
D. Is not compatible with AGC

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Excel Review Center ECE Refresher/Coaching Course EST TH 2
The hold-in range for a PLL concerns the prevent overloading the receiver is known A. Synthesizing
as B. Facsimile
A. Range of frequencies in which it will C. Spread spectrum (Ans.)
remain locked (Ans.) A. Arbitrary AGC D. Compression
B. Allowable range of dc voltage B. Auxiliary AGC (Ans.)
C. Allowable range of ac input voltage C. Delayed AGC The acronym CDMA refers to ________.
D. Satisfactory range of operating D. Stable AGC
temperatures A. Carrier-division multiple-access
Up-conversion offers the following systems
The input signal into a PLL is at the advantage(s): B. Capture-division multiple-access
systems
A. VCO A. Less expensive filters C. Code-division multiple-access
B. Low-pass filter B. Good image-frequency rejection systems (Ans.)
C. Comparator C. Minimized tuning range for the LO D. Channel-division multiple-access
D. Phase detector (Ans.) D. . B and C (Ans.) systems

The square-law relationship of the FETs The range over which the input to a A typical problem encountered when
input versus output receiver or amplifier provides a usable troubleshooting a frequency synthesizer
output is called the is
A. Allows for greater sensitivity in an
FM receiver A. Level of acceptability A. A small frequency error
B. Provides improved noise B. Dynamic range (Ans.) B. A large frequency error
performance C. Degree of usefulness C. No output
C. Reduces shot noise D. Specified input D. All the above (Ans.)
D. Minimizes cross-modulation (Ans.)
A receiver has a 30-dB noise figure, a 1.5 A transceiver is
Why are image frequencies somewhat less MHz bandwidth, a 6-dBm third intercept
of a problem in FM receivers than they point, and a 3-dB signal-to-noise ratio. Its A. A transmitter that can be tuned to
are in SSB or AM receivers? sensitivity is several bands of frequencies
B. A transmitter that transmits digital
A. SSB uses less bandwidth than does A. –94 dB data
FM. B. –82.2 dB C. A receiver that receives digital data
B. FM signals have a capture effect C. –79.2 dB (Ans.) D. A transmitter and receiver in a single
characteristic. (Ans.) D. –81 dB package (Ans.)
C. FM mixer stages are square-law
devices. Two-modulus dividers are used in the The advantage(s) of digital and/or data
D. FM receivers do not use the synthesis of frequencies into the VHF communications over analog include
superheterodyne design. band due to
A. Noise performance
The tuned circuits prior to the mixer in a A. Its ability to work at practical power B. Regeneration
superheterodyne receiver are called the consumptions C. Digital signal processing
B. Its ability to work at practical speeds D. All the above (Ans.)
A. Front end C. The insufficient speed and power of
B. Tuner the basic programmable divider In a S/H circuit, the time that it must hold
C. Preselector (Ans.) designs the sampled voltage is
D. All the above D. All the above (Ans.)
A. Aperture time (Ans.)
The signal-strength meter that shows the The disadvantage of direct digital B. Acquisition time
relative signal strength level is called the synthesizers (DDS) over analog frequency C. Flat-top time
________. synthesizers is D. Dmin

A. S meter (Ans.) A. Its complexity and cost Error signals associated with the sampling
B. Signal meter B. Its limited maximum output process are called
C. Strength meter frequency
D. All the above C. Its higher phase noise A. Foldover distortion
D. All the above (Ans.) B. Aliasing
An AM broadcast receiver has two C. Nyquist rate
identical tuned circuits with a Q of 50 The G.E. Phoenix radio is an example of D. A and B (Ans.)
prior to the IF stage. The IF frequency is
460 kHz and the receiver is tuned to a A. An HF amateur transceiver using AM Which of the following is not a common
station on 550 kHz. The image-frequency and SSB modulation modes RZ code?
rejection is B. A VHF commercial transceiver
using the FM modulation mode and a A. RZ-unipolar
A. 41 dB channel guard function (Ans.) B. RZ-bipolar
B. 36.2 dB C. A military transceiver using all C. RZ- M (Ans.)
C. 72.4 dB modes on HF frequencies D. RZ-AMI
D. 82 dB (Ans.) D. A cellular telephone transceiver
In an asynchronous data system
An AGC that causes a step reduction in The type of radio transmission that uses
receiver gain at some arbitrarily high pseudorandomly switched frequency or A. Both sender and receiver are exactly
value of received signal in order to time transmissions is known as synchronized to the same clock
frequency.

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Excel Review Center ECE Refresher/Coaching Course EST TH 2
B. Each computer word is preceded by a Which of the following is not an example B. Pulse-width modulation (PWM)
start bit and followed by a stop bit to of code error detection and correction in a C. Pulse-frequency modulation (PFM)
frame the word. (Ans.) data communication channel? (Ans.)
C. The receiver derives its clock signal D. Pulse-position modulation (PPM)
from the received data stream. A. Parity
D. All the above. B. Frequency-shift keying (Ans.) PPM and PWM are superior to PAM
C. Block-check character systems in
A CD audio laser-disk system has a D. Hamming code
frequency bandwidth of 20 Hz to 20 kHz. A. Noise characteristics (Ans.)
The minimum sample rate to satisfy the Error-correcting techniques that allow for B. Bandwidth characteristics
Nyquist criteria is correction at the receiver are called C. Simplicity in design
D. Frequency response of the
A. 20 Hz A. Cyclic redundancy checks (CRC) intelligence signal
B. 20 kHz B. Block-check characters (BCC)
C. 40 Hz C. Forward error correcting (FEC) Half-duplex operation involves
D. 40 kHz (Ans.) (Ans.) communication
D. Parity
With respect to converter circuits A. In one direction only
Codes producing random data that closely B. In both directions, but only one can
A. DACs include an ADC resemble digital noise are talk at a time (Ans.)
B. ADCs include a DAC (Ans.) C. Where both parties can talk at the
C. DACs and ADCs are virtually A. Systematic codes same time
identical B. PN codes D. All the above
D. All the above. C. Pseudonoise codes
D. B and C (Ans.) A procedure that decides which device
The type of modulation that uses has permission to transmit at a given time
sampling on one of the parameters of the Using an oscilloscope to display is called
transmitted and received signal is known overlayed received data bits that provide
as information on noise, jitter, and linearity A. Line control (Ans.)
is called a(n) B. Protocol
A. Phase modulation C. Flow control
B. Pulse modulation (Ans.) A. Constellation pattern D. Sequence control
C. Amplitude modulation B. Loopback
D. Frequency modulation C. Statistical Concentration The technique that uses the BPSK vector
D. Eye pattern (Ans.) relationship to generate an output with
An alphanumeric code for representing logical 0s and 1s determined by
the decimal values from 0 to 9 that is Why isn't Morse code well suited to comparing the phase of two successive
based on the relationship that only one bit today's telegraphic equipment? data bits is
in a binary word changes for each binary
step is known as A. It uses an automatic request for A. CSU/DSU
repetition. B. TDM
A. ASCII B. It has excessive redundancy built into C. CVSD
B. EBCDIC the code. D. DPSK (Ans.)
C. Baudot code C. The parity bit is difficult to detect.
D. Gray code (Ans.) D. Differing between various widths of Using radio to transmit gathered data on
the pulses is an extremely some particular phenomenon without the
The quantizing error of PCM systems for complicated process. (Ans.) presence of human monitors is known as
weak signals can be made less significant
by A special digital modulation technique A. Radio teletype
that achieves high data rates in limited- B. Radio multiplexing
A. Companding (Ans.) bandwidth channels is called C. Radio facsimile
B. Using time-division multiplexing D. Radio telemetry (Ans.)
C. Using frequency-division A. Delta modulation
multiplexing B. Pulse-coded modulation (PCM) The bit error rate is
D. Filtering out the alias frequency C. Quadrature amplitude modulation
(QAM) (Ans.) A. The number of bit errors that occur
When the message and the BCC are D. Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) for a given number of bits transmitted
transmitted as separate parts within the B. The most common method of
same transmitted code, it is called a(n) 4FSK systems are much superior to two- referring to the quality of a digital
tone amplitude modulation systems with communication system
A. Systematic code (Ans.) respect to C. Virtually the same as the error
B. CRC probability
C. Cyclic code A. Noise performance D. All the above (Ans.)
D. Interleaved code B. Bandwidth requirements of the
channel The major difficulty faced by delta
The value left in the CRC dividing circuit C. Ionospheric fading characteristics modulators is
after all data have been shifted in is the (Ans.)
D. Power consumption A. Excessive noise producing errors
A. Quantile interval B. Slope overload (Ans.)
B. Codec Which is not a type of pulse modulation? C. Insufficient frequency response of the
C. BCC intelligence signal
D. Syndrome (Ans.) A. Pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) D. Complexity of design

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Excel Review Center ECE Refresher/Coaching Course EST TH 2
The capacity of a telephone channel that Which is not a major function of a B. Ring
has an S/N of 2047 if its bandwidth is 3.5 protocol? C. Bus (Ans.)
kHz is D. A and B
A. Framing
A. 30,000 bits per second B. Line control The following numeric describing data
B. 33,000 bits per second C. Flow control rates for copper coax and twisted pair is
C. 38,500 bits per second (Ans.) D. Topology (Ans.) rarely used
D. 35,000 bits per second
The LAN that was developed by Xerox, A. 10 Base 2
The AT&T T1 lines Digital Equipment Corporation, and Intel B. 10 Base 5
in 1980 is called C. 10 Base T
A. Use 16-bit PCM code and include 24 D. A and B (Ans.)
voice channels A. IEEE-488
B. Use delta modulation and include 48 B. Ethernet (Ans.) The xDSL service with the highest
voice channels C. OSI projected data rate is
C. Use 8-bit PCM code and include 24 D. CSMA/CD
voice channels (Ans.) A. VDSL (Ans.)
D. Use delta modulation and include 24 A device interconnecting two networks B. SDSL
voice channels that use different protocols and formats is C. HDSL
called a D. ADSL
A digital transmission has an error
probability of 1 x 10-5 and is 1x10-8 long. A. Bridge The chief advantage of coaxial cable over
Its expected number of error bits is B. Gateway (Ans.) open-wire line is
C. Router
A. 1x103 (Ans.) D. Node A. Minimized radiation losses (Ans.)
B. 1x105 B. Low cost
C. 1x104 A device interconnecting LANs together C. Low noise pick up
D. 1x108 that usually have identical protocols at the D. Low resistive losses
physical and data link layers is called a
An interconnection of users that allows Unshielded twisted-pair cable is
communication with one another is A. Bridge (Ans.)
known as a B. Gateway A. Seldom used due to noise problems
C. Router B. Increasingly used in computer
A. Modem D. Node networking (Ans.)
B. UART C. More costly than coaxial cable
C. Network (Ans.) In telephony, traffic is defined in D. All the above
D. Protocol
A. Hundred-call seconds The ratio of actual velocity to free-space
A complex LC filter that removes delay B. Average number of calls in a specific velocity is called
distortion from signals that are travelling period of time
down long transmission lines is called C. Erlang A. Velocity factor (Ans.)
a(n) D. All the above (Ans.) B. Relative dielectric constant
C. Velocity of propagation
A. Delay equalizer (Ans.) The Internet and the WWW are D. Delay time
B. UART
C. Attenuation distortion filter A. The same thing In a balanced line, the same current flows
D. Trunk switcher B. Completely different in each line but is
C. Related (Ans.)
Which of the following is not a way that D. Local area networks A. 45º out of phase
designers of telephone equipment are B. 90º out of phase
adapting to the increasing use of In a telephone system, the grade of C. 180º out of phase (Ans.)
computers and digital coding in telephone service is D. 270º out of phase
communication links?
A. The ratio of calls lost to calls offered What is the length of a quarter-
A. The use of shorter transmission B. The ratio of traffic lost to traffic wavelength section of RG-8A/U coaxial
lines(Ans.) offered cable at a frequency of 144.2 MHz if its
B. The use of computers in finding C. The ratio of calls offered to calls lost velocity factor is 0.69?
unused portions of multiplex systems D. The ratio of traffic offered to traffic
to maximize use lost A. 52.1 cm
C. The application of digital switching E. A and B (Ans.) B. 35.9 cm (Ans.)
theory to increase channel capacity C. 143.6 cm
D. Sharing of communication links by The following term is not a major concept D. 2.08 m
voice and data signals in cellular phone systems.
A non-lossy transmission line that is
The advanced mobile phone services A. Frequency reuse terminated with a resistive load that is
(AMPS) is an example of B. Cell reuse (Ans.) equal to the characteristic impedance of
C. Cell splitting the line
A. A cellular telephone system D. Handoff
B. A telephone system that uses A. Has the same impedance at all points
frequency reuse In local area networks, the following along the line
C. A cell-splitting telephone system topology or topologies are seldom used. B. Has a VSWR of 1:1
D. All the above (Ans.) A. Star

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Excel Review Center ECE Refresher/Coaching Course EST TH 2
C. Has the same voltage at points along D. 1.4 The type of wave that is most affected by
the line the D, E, and F layers of the ionosphere
D. Has a reflection coefficient at the A cable has an inductance of 1 nH/ft and is:
load equal to zero capacitance of 1 nF/ft. The delay
E. All the above (Ans.) introduced by a 1-ft section is A. Ground wave
B. Space wave
A flat line indicates A. Not able to be calculated with the C. Sky wave (Ans.)
given information D. Satellite
A. No reflection B. 1x10-9 S (Ans.)
B. VSWR = 1 C. 1x10-18 S The largest frequency that will be
C. No physical imperfections D. 2x10-19 S returned to earth when transmitted
D. A and B (Ans.) vertically under given ionospheric
A transmission line can be used as a(n) conditions is called the
A non-lossy transmission line terminated
with a short circuit has an A. Inductor A. Critical frequency (Ans.)
B. Capacitor B. Maximum usable frequency (MUF)
A. In-phase reflected voltage that is C. Filter C. Optimum working frequency (OWF)
equal in magnitude to the incident D. Matching section D. Skip zone
voltage E. All the above (Ans.)
B. Opposite-phase reflected voltage that The characteristic impedance of free
is equal in magnitude to the incident An antenna can be thought of as a(n) space is
voltage (Ans.)
C. In-phase reflected voltage that is A. Oscillator A. Not known
smaller in magnitude than the B. Capacitor B. Infinite
incident voltage C. Transducer (Ans.) C. 50
D. Opposite-phase reflected voltage that D. Frequency multiplexer D. 377 (Ans.)
is smaller in magnitude than the
incident voltage A wave that is characterized by having its The area between the point where the
direction of propagation perpendicular to ground wave ends and first sky wave
A manufacturer's specification dealing its oscillation is known as returns is called the
with crosstalk and attenuation is
A. Isotropic A. Quiet zone
A. ACR (Ans.) B. Transverse (Ans.) B. Skip zone
B. CAS C. Polarized C. Null Zone
C. CAA D. Refractive D. All the above
D. AAC E. A and B (Ans.)
Which is not an effect of our environment
A 50- transmission line that has a load on wave propagation? The refraction and reflection action of a
impedance of 300  has a VSWR of skywave between the ionosphere and
A. Radiation (Ans.) ground is known as
A. 6:1 (Ans.) B. Reflection
B. 1:6 C. Refraction A. Space diversity
C. 0.666:1 D. Diffraction B. Skip (Ans.)
D. 1.5:1 C. Tropospheric scattering
A point in space that radiates D. Fading
The input impedance of a quarter- electromagnetic energy equally in all
wavelength section of a 50- directions is called A satellite communication system used by
transmission line that is terminated with a companies such as K-Mart to quickly
short is A. Transverse verify credit cards and check inventory
B. Isotropic point source (Ans.) data is called
A. 50 C. Omnisphere
B. 0 (a short) D. Shadow zone A. VSAT (Ans.)
C. Infinite (open) (Ans.) B. MSAT
D. 100 The process of waves, which travelling in C. SATCOM
straight paths, bending around an obstacle D. WESTAR
A device that is used to match an is
unbalanced transmission line to a A common type of radio wave
balanced transmission line is called a A. Radiation interference is
B. Reflection
A. Quarter-wavelength matching C. Refraction A. EMI
transformer D. Diffraction (Ans.) B. Fading
B. Balun (Ans.) C. Reflections
C. Shorted-stub section Which is not one of the basic modes of D. All the above (Ans.)
D. Slotted line getting a radio wave from the transmitting
to receiving antenna? Diversity reception does not include:
A 50- transmission line with a 300-
load impedance has a reflection A. Ground wave A. Space diversity
coefficient of B. Shadow wave (Ans.) B. Time diversity (Ans.)
C. Space wave C. Frequency diversity
A. 6 D. Satellite link D. Angle diversity
B. 0.166 E. Sky wave
C. 0.714 (Ans.)
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Excel Review Center ECE Refresher/Coaching Course EST TH 2
When installing a receiving antenna, you C. 122.5 When troubleshooting antennas, the level
can often overcome diffraction problems D. 147.9 (Ans.) of VSWR that indicates a problem is
by finding a
An impedance-matching device that A. Greater than 1
A. Null zone spreads the transmission line as it B. Less than 1
B. Downlink approaches the antenna is called a C. Greater than 1.5 (Ans.)
C. Hot spot (Ans.) D. Less than 0.5
D. Skip zone A. Delta match (Ans.)
B. Quarter-wave matching device At a frequency of 1GHz and transmitter-
The process of interchangeability of C. Director receiver distance of 30 mi, which is the
receiving and transmitting operations of D. Counterpoise most efficient device for energy transfer?
antennas is known as
A loading coil is often used with a A. Transmission lines
A. Polarization Marconi antenna in order to B. Waveguides
B. Reciprocity (Ans.) C. Antennas (Ans.)
C. Efficiency A. Tune out the capacitive reactance D. None of the above
D. Counterpoise portion of the input impedance of the
antenna (Ans.) The most efficient means of transmitting a
A half-wave dipole antenna is also known B. Tune out the inductive reactance 1-GHz signal 1500 ft would typically be
as portion of the input impedance of the
antenna A. Transmission lines
A. Marconi antenna C. Raise the input impedance of the B. Waveguides (Ans.)
B. Hertz antenna (Ans.) antenna C. Antennas
C. Vertical antenna D. Decrease the losses of the antenna D. None of the above
D. Phased array
Standard AM broadcast stations usually The dominant mode for waveguide
An antenna that is a quarter-wavelength use what type of transmitting antennas? operation is
long connected such that the ground acts
as a reflecting quarter-wavelength section A. Driven collinear array A. TE10 (Ans.)
is called a B. Marconi array (Ans.) B. TE01
C. Yagi-Uda C. TM10
A. Hertz antenna D. Log-periodic D. TM01
B. Dipole antenna
C. Marconi antenna (Ans.) The type of antenna often found in small The propagation velocity of the signal in a
D. All the above AM broadcast receivers is a waveguide, when compared to the speed
of light is
The angular separation between the half- A. Ferrite loop antenna(Ans.)
power points on an antenna's radiation B. Folded dipole antenna A. larger
pattern is the C. Slot antenna B. smaller (Ans.)
D. Log-periodic antenna C. the same velocity
A. Bandwidth D. either B or C
B. Front-to-back ratio The folded dipole antenna has
C. Lobe distribution Ridged waveguides are advantageous
D. Beamwidth(Ans.) A. Greater bandwidth than a half-wave over rectangular waveguides in their
dipole
The input impedance at the center of a B. A 288- input impedance A. cost
dipole antenna is approximately C. Less bandwidth than a half-wave B. attenuation
dipole C. ability to work at lower frequency
A. 36.6 D. A and B (Ans.) (Ans.)
B. 50 E. B and C D. ease of construction
C. 73 (Ans.)
D. 300 The Yagi-Uda antenna consists of A circular waveguide is used for

As the height of a half-wavelength A. A driven director and parasitic A. Efficiency reasons

antenna is reduced below a quarter- reflector B. Ease of manufacture
wavelength, the radiation resistance B. A driven reflector and parasitic C. Rotating section applications (Ans.)
director D. Greater bandwidth
A. Increases C. A parasitic director and reflector
B. Decreases (Ans.) (Ans.) Variable attenuators are used in
C. Remains the same D. All the above waveguides to
D. All the above
A grid-dip meter measures the resonant A. Isolate a source from reflections at its
A dipole antenna is being fed with a 300- frequency of tuned circuits load so as to preclude frequency
 transmission line. If a quarter-wave pulling.
matching transformer is to be used as the A. By connection in series with the B. Adjust the signal levels.
non-resonant matching section, what inductance C. Measure signal levels.
must be the characteristic impedance of B. By connection in parallel with the D. All the above. (Ans.)
the cable used in the matching inductance
transformer? C. Without power being applied to the The coupling in dB of a directional
tuned circuit (Ans.) coupler that has 85 mW into the main
A. 186.5 D. By connection in series with the guide and 0.45 mW out the secondary
B. 103.9 capacitance guide is

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Excel Review Center ECE Refresher/Coaching Course EST TH 2
A. 22.8 (Ans.) Which is not a type of horn antenna B. Laser
B. 18.9 design for microwave frequencies? C. Yig
C. 188.9 D. Parametric amplifier (Ans.)
D. 45.6 A. Parabolic horn (Ans.)
B. Circular horn The major difference between a laser and
The resonant frequency of a cavity may C. Pyramidal horn a maser is the
be varied by changing the cavity's D. Sectoral horn
A. Frequency of the signal being
A. Volume Cassegrain feed to a paraboloid antenna amplified (Ans.)
B. Inductance involves a B. Amplitude of the signal being
C. Capacitance amplified
D. All the above (Ans.) A. Dipole antenna C. Bandwidth of the signal being
B. Point-source antenna amplified
The guide wavelength is C. Secondary reflector (Ans.) D. Phase of the signal being amplified
D. Any of the above
A. Greater than free-space wavelength Lasers are useful in
(Ans.) Calculate the beamwidth of a microwave
B. Equal to free-space wavelength dish antenna with a 6-m mouth diameter A. Industrial welding
C. Less than free-space wavelength when used at 5 GHz. B. Surgical procedures
D. All the above C. Distance measuring
A. 0.49° D. Compact disc players
The process of employing radio waves to B. 4.9° E. All the above (Ans.)
detect and locate physical objects is C. 7°
known as D. 0.7° (Ans.) The following semiconductor is not used
as a microwave device:
A. The Doppler effect Zoning refers to
B. Radar (Ans.) A. PIN diode
C. Directional coupling A. A method of producing a radome B. Baritt diode
D. Cavity tuning B. Changing a spherical wavefront into C. Zener diode (Ans.)
a plane wave (Ans.) D. Tunnel diode
The use of two grounded conductors that C. Creating a polar radiation pattern
sandwich a smaller conductive strip with D. Fading into nonreality Which of the following represent typical
constant separation by a dielectric failure mode(s) for a TWT amplifier?
material on a printed circuit board for use Which microwave oscillator has high
at frequencies above 500 MHz is known gain, low-noise characteristics and wide A. Low gain
as bandwidth? B. Spurious modulation
C. Poor frequency response
A. Artwork traces A. Traveling wave tube oscillator (Ans.) D. Low RF output
B. Dielectric waveguide B. Gunn Oscillator E. All the above (Ans.)
C. Microstrip/stripline (Ans.) C. Klystron oscillator
D. MICs or MMICs D. Magnetron oscillator Which of the following is not used as a
microwave antenna?
Second return echoes are Which is not an advantage of the Gunn
gallium arsenide oscillator? A. Patch antenna
A. Echoes produced when the reflected B. Marconi antenna (Ans.)
beam makes a second trip A. Ease of removing heat from the chip C. Lens antenna
B. Echoes that arrive after the (Ans.) D. Horn antenna
transmission of the next pulse (Ans.) B. Small size
C. Echoes caused by the PRT being too C. Ruggedness Compared to linear power supplies,
long D. Lack of filaments switching power supplies are
D. All the above E. Low cost of manufacture
A. Less efficient
The characteristic wave impedance for The i in P-I-N diode refers to B. More efficient (Ans.)
waveguides is C. Simpler
A. Indium D. Heavier
A. 75 B. Impact
B. 377 C. Integrated A television transmitter actually transmits
C. Dependent on frequency D. Intrinsic (Ans.) two signals at once. They are
D. Dependent on waveguide shape
E. C and D (Ans.) Which is not a typical application of a A. An amplitude-modulated video signal
ferrite in a microwave system? and frequency modulated audio
A dielectric waveguide is signal (Ans.)
A. attenuator B. Two amplitude-modulated signals:
A. Enclosed by a conducting material B. amplifier (Ans.) video and audio
B. A waveguide with just a dielectric C. isolator C. An amplitude-modulated audio signal
C. Dependent on the principle that two D. circulator and frequency modulated video
dissimilar dielectrics can guide signal
waves A low noise microwave amplifier that D. Two frequency-modulated signals:
D. B and C (Ans.) provides amplification via the variation of video and audio
a reactance is known as a

A. Maser

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Excel Review Center ECE Refresher/Coaching Course EST TH 2
The most widely used type of TV camera C. Video amplifiers following the sound D. 125 micron
is the takeoff (Ans.)
D. RF, IF, or video amplifiers prior to The abrupt change in refractive index
A. Charge couple device (Ans.) the sound takeoff from core to cladding of fiber-optic cable
B. Vidicon is called the
C. Image orthicon Raster refers to
D. Iconoscope A. Total internal reflection
A. CRT illumination by scan lines when B. Numerical aperture
Synchronizing pulses that consist of no signal is being received (Ans.) C. Dispersion
equalizing pulses, followed by serrations, B. CRT resolution D. Step index (Ans.)
followed by more equalizing pulses at a C. CRT aspect ratio
rate of 60 times per second are called D. All the above A technique that is used to minimize the
pulse dispersion effect is to
A. Color synchronizing pulses The high voltage for the anode of the
B. Horizontal retrace pulses CRT is obtained from the low-voltage A. Use a higher frequency light source
C. Vertical retrace pulses (Ans.) power supply using B. Use plastic cladding (Ans.)
D. Eight-cycle back-porch pulses C. Minimize the core diameter
A. Its power-line transformer D. All the above
The length of time an image stays on the B. The yoke coil
screen after the signal is removed is C. The vertical oscillator The loss (attenuation) of signal in optical
termed D. The flyback transformer (Ans.) fiber is due to

A. Retention The introduction of digital television in A. Scattering

B. Flicker the United States has been hampered by B. Absorption
C. Persistence (Ans.) C. Macrobending
D. Back porch A. Delays in chip designs D. Microbending
B. Shortages of appropriate chips E. All the above (Ans.)
Which is not part of the tuner section of a C. Customer rejection
TV receiver? D. Less than ideal regulatory climate Calculate the optical power 100 km from
(Ans.) a 0.5 mW source on a single mode fiber
A. The RF amplifier stage that has 0.10 dB per km loss.
B. The mixer stage When a digital picture freezes even when
C. The local oscillator stage there is motion in the video, it is A. 50 nW
D. The video-detector stage (Ans.) B. 500 nW
A. due to bandwidth problems C. 5 uW
The stage in a TV receiver that filters out B. Called a pixelate D. 50 uW (Ans.)
the vertical and horizontal retrace pulses C. Due to noise
from the video signal is the D. B and C (Ans.) Which is not an important characteristic
of a light detector?
A. Video detector Which is an advantage of optical
B. Video IF amplifier communication links over using A. Responsitivity
C. Sync separator (Ans.) transmission lines or waveguides? B. Dark current
D. Sound detector C. Power consumption (Ans.)
A. Small size D. Response speed
The winding around the CRT yoke that B. Extremely wide bandwidths E. Spectral response
deflects the electron beam with its C. Immunity to electromagnetic
magnetic field is called the interference (EMI) The dispersion in fiber optics is termed
D. Lower cost
A. Coil E. All the above (Ans.) A. Modal
B. Yoke (Ans.) B. Chromatic
C. Deflector The most common light used in fiber- C. Polarization mode
D. Magneto optic links is D. All the above (Ans.)
E. A and B above
A cumbersome series of adjustments to a A. Infra-red (Ans.)
color TV receiver in order to make sure B. Red Fiber optic connections suffer high loss
that the three electron beams of the C. Violet due to
picture tube are positioned exactly on D. Ultraviolet
their respective color dots on the face of A. Air gaps
the picture tube is called The optical band designation(s) include B. Rough surfaces
C. Axial misalignment
A. Alignment A. S D. Angular misalignment
B. Convergence (Ans.) B. C E. All the above (Ans.)
C. Interleaving C. L
D. Interlacing D. A and B above Fiber optic technology is used in
E. All the above (Ans.) applications of
A faulty TV receiver having symptoms of
normal sound and raster but no picture In the telecommunications industry, the A. Local area networks (LANs)
must have a problem in the most commonly used fiber(s) are B. Cable TV (CATV) systems
C. Telephone networks
A. Horizontal or vertical oscillator or A. 50 micron D. All the above (Ans.)
high-voltage power supply B. 62.5 micron
B. Main power supply C. 50 and 62.5 micron (Ans.)

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Excel Review Center ECE Refresher/Coaching Course EST TH 2
The dispersion of light in fiber-optic cable As the data speed increases in a wireless A. 55 kilometers
caused by a portion of the light energy system, all other factors being equal: B. 55 meters (Ans.)
travelling in the cladding is called C. 55 centimeters
A. The signal bandwidth increases D. 55 millimeters
A. Modal dispersion (Ans.)
B. Material dispersion B. The signal bandwidth decreases In a cellular network, a base station is
C. Waveguide dispersion (Ans.) C. The overall noise level increases sometimes called a:
D. Cable dispersion D. The overall noise level decreases
A. Transceiver
Recent laser developments for fiber optic The term “shortwave,” in reference to B. Cell
communication include ratio, refers to signals having wavelength C. Repeater (Ans.)
of approximately: D. Cell phone
A. Distributed feedback (DFB)
B. Heterojunction A. 10 to 100 millimeters An advantage of conventional “wired”
C. Vertical cavity surface emitting B. 100 millimeters to 1 meter telephone over cellular is:
(VCSEL) C. 1 to 10 meters
D. A and C above (Ans.) D. 10 to 100 meters (Ans.) A. Privacy (Ans.)
B. Portability
The following consideration is important In general, as the noise level in a wireless C. Ease of use in a car
when deciding between using a diode system increases: D. LAN topology
laser or an LED.
A. Stronger incoming signals are needed An advantage of cellular over
A. Response time (Ans.) to overcome it (Ans.) conventional “wired” telephone is:
B. Power levels B. Weaker signals can be received
C. Temperature sensitivity C. The temperature of the system rises A. Security
D. Failure characteristics D. The bandwidth of the system B. Lower cost
increases C. Mobility (Ans.)
A network that employs one powerful D. Data speed
central computer and several PCs is In a spectrum analyzer, the horizontal axis
called: shows: Infrared waves are:

A. A wireless network A. Voltage A. Longer than radio waves

B. A local area network B. Power B. Longer than visible-light waves
C. A client/server network (Ans.) C. Frequency (Ans.) (Ans.)
D. A peer-to-peer network D. Time C. Shorter than visible-light waves
D. A misnomer; they are really heat rays
Infrared and optical wireless links work A device consisting of a receiver and
best: transmitter in the same box is called a: The GPRS might be useful for:

A. Over distances exceeding 1000 miles A. Modem A. Improving the performance of a LAN
B. On a line of sight (Ans.) B. Transverter B. Increasing data speed in a wireless
C. At low radio frequencies C. Transceiver (Ans.) system
D. In situations with high levels of noise D. Transponder C. Minimizing noise in a wireless
system
Which of the following devices or The use of direction-finding equipment to D. A motorist who is lost (Ans.)
systems is not generally considered pinpoint a radio transmitter is called:
wireless? One megabyte is the same amount of data
A. Radiolocation (Ans.) as:
A. A remote-control garage-door opener B. Radionavigation
B. An amateur radio station C. The Global Positioning System A. 1024 bytes
C. A beeper/pager D. Packet radio B. 1024 K (Ans.)
D. A conventional telephone (Ans.) C. 1024 GB
A LAN in which each PC stores its own D. 1/1024 K
A noise blanker can improve the quality data is called
of: The Web would probably work fastest for
A. A wireless LAN a user in New York at:
A. Radio reception (Ans.) B. A wide-area LAN
B. Radio transmission C. LAN topology A. 2:00 A.M local time on a Tuesday
C. Infrared reception D. A peer-to-peer LAN (Ans.) (Ans.)
D. Infrared transmission B. 4;00 P.M. local time on a Wednesday
Which of the following would be an C. 12:30 P.M. local time on a Thursday
Noise in a wireless receiver can be illegal use of ham radio? D. Any of the above times; it does not
minimized by: matter
A. Selling used cars (Ans.)
A. raising the temperature to very high B. Talking about the weather Image resolution can be specified in terms
values C. Talking about politics of:
B. reducing the temperature to very low D. Connecting a radio to the internet
values (Ans.) A. Megahertz
C. maximizing the amplification An electromagnetic signal might be called B. Color intensity
D. minimizing the relative humidity “shortwave” if its free-space wavelength C. Wavelength
is: D. Dot pitch (Ans.)

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Excel Review Center ECE Refresher/Coaching Course EST TH 2
A cluster is a unit of: C. An A/D converter (Ans.) An advantage of FSK over simple on-off
D. A printer interface keying for RTTY is:
A. Frequency on a hard drive
B. Data on the internet An asset of a dot-matrix printer is: A. Better frequency stability
C. Data on a hard drive (Ans.) B. Higher speed capability
D. Bandwidth on the internet A. Low operating cost (Ans.) C. Reduced number of misprints
B. Excellent image detail (Ans.)
An example of a mass-storage device is a: C. Resemblance to a photocopy machine D. On-off keying is just as good as FSK
D. Compatibility with most modems
A. Hard drive (Ans.) The maximum AM percentage possible
B. Microprocessor Which of the following types of mass without distortion is:
C. Modem storage provide the fastest access time?
D. Read-write head A. 33 percent
A. Magnetic tape B. 67 percent
Bits per second (bps) is a unit of: B. CD-ROM C. 100 percent (Ans.)
C. Flash memory (Ans.) D. 150 percent
A. Computer memory D. Hard drive
B. Mass storage If an AM is modulated with audio having
C. Image resolution Which of the following is a serial-access frequencies up to 5 kHz, then the
D. Data speed (Ans.) medium? complete signal bandwidth will be:

A platter is a: A. Computer memory A. 10 kHz (Ans.)

B. Magnetic tape (Ans.) B. 6 kHz
A. Part of a hard dive (Ans.) C. A hard drive C. 5 kHz
B. Unit of memory D. CD-ROM D. 3 kHz
C. Element of a digital image
D. Semiconductor chip When computer data is sent over long- An AM transmitter using a class-C PA
distance telephone circuits, the digital should employ:
Protocol ensures that: highs and lows are generally represented
by: A. Carrier suppression
A. A hard drive runs smoothly B. High-level modulation (Ans.)
B. A monitor reproduces color A. Audio tone (Ans.) C. Lower sideband
accurately B. A series of clicks D. Single sideband
C. A printer generates a clear image C. Positive and negative direct currents
D. Computers can exchange data D. Pixels Which of the following modulation
(Ans.) methods is used to send teleprinter data
For animated graphics involving fast over the telephone lines?
A packet is: motion, you should ideally use:
A. CW
A. A computer memory module A. A laser printer B. SSB
B. A unit of 210 bytes B. A hard drive C. AM
C. A piece of a file sent over the Net C. Hypertext D. AFSK (Ans.)
(Ans.) D. A noninterlaced monitor (Ans.)
D. A picture element in a computer An Advantage of SSB over Am is:
monitor A thermal printer might be the best of
printer for: A. Higher data transmission rate
A motherboard contains: B. More effective use of transmitter
A. Someone who travels a lot (Ans.) power (Ans.)
A. A microprocessor (Ans.) B. Someone who works with animated C. Greater bandwidth
B. An external modem graphics D. Enhanced carrier wave level
C. A diskette drive C. Someone who wants to print huge
D. A display screen text documents An SSB suppressed carrier is at 14.335
D. Someone who needs top-quality MHz. The voice data is contained in a
Cross-referencing among Web pages can printouts band from 14.335-14.338 MHz. The
be accomplished by means of: mode is:

A. Digital signal processing A radio wave has a frequency of 1.55 A. AM

B. A modem MHz. The highest modulating frequency B. LSB
C. Internet Relay Chat (IRC) that can be used effectively is about: C. USB (Ans.)
D. Hypertext (Ans.) D. FSK
A. 1.55 kHz
The abbreviation FTP stands for: B. 15.5 kHz A spectrum analyzer displays:
C. 155 kHz (Ans.)
A. Fast Text Packet D. 1.55 MHz A. Time as a function of frequency
B. File Transfer Protocol (Ans.) B. Frequency as a function of time
C. Frequency/Time Processing Morse code is a form of: C. Signal strength as a function of time
D. Federal Trade Program D. Signal strength as a function of
A. Digital modulation (Ans.) frequency (Ans.)
A modem contains: B. Analog modulation
C. Phase modulation The deviation for voice FM signals is
A. An internal hard drive D. dc modulation usually:
B. A microprocessor

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Excel Review Center ECE Refresher/Coaching Course EST TH 2
A. Plus-or-minus 3 kHz An advantage of fiber optics over cable D. Adjacent-channel rejection
B. Plus-or-minus 5kHz (Ans.) communications is:
C. Plus-or-minus 6 kHz The ability of a receiver to perform in the
D. Plus-or-minus 10 kHz A. More sensitivity to noise strong signals is a consequence of its:
B. Improved antenna efficiency
Wideband FM is preferable to C. Higher RF output A. Sensitivity
narrowband FM for music transmission D. Simpler and easier maintenance B. Noise figure
because: (Ans.) C. Dynamic range (Ans.)
D. Adjacent-channel rejection
A. Lower frequencies are heard better The reflected wave in a radio signal:
B. Spectrum space is conserved A receiver that responds to a desired
C. The fidelity is better (Ans.) A. Travels less distance than the direct signal, but not to one very nearby in
D. No! Narrowband FM is better for wave frequency, has good:
music B. Travels just as far as the direct wave
C. Travels farther than the direct wave A. Sensitivity
In which mode of PM does the pulse level (Ans.) B. Noise figure
vary? D. Might travel less far than, just as far C. Dynamic range
as, or farther than the direct wave D. Adjacent-channel rejection (Ans.)
A. PAM (Ans.)
B. PDM The reflected wave: An AM receiver can be used to
C. PWM demodulate FM by means of:
D. PFM A. Arrives in phase with the direct wave
B. Arrives out of phase with the direct A. Envelope detection
In which PM mode do pulses last for wave B. Product detection
varying times? C. Arrives in a variable phase compared C. Slope detection (Ans.)
with the direct wave (Ans.) D. Pulse detection
A. PAM D. Is horizontally polarized
B. PWM (Ans.) An FM detector with built-in limiting is:
C. PFM The ionospheric layer that absorbs radio
D. PCM waves is: A. A ratio detector (Ans.)
B. A discriminator
How many states are commonly used for A. The D layer (Ans.) C. An envelope detector
the transmission of digitized voice B. The E layer D. A product detector
signals? C. The F layer
D. No layers ever absorb radio waves Time-division multiplex is often done
A. Two with:
B. Four The highest layer of ionosphere is:
C. Six A. AM
D. Eight (Ans.) A. The D layer B. FM
B. The E layer C. FSK
In a SSTV signal, the frame time is: C. The F layer (Ans.) D. PM (Ans.)
D. Dependent on the time of day and the
A. 1/525 second solar cycle A continuously variable signal is
B. 2/30 second recovered from a signal having discrete
C. 1/8 second Radio waves that curve earthward in the states by:
D. 8 seconds (Ans.) lower atmosphere are being affected by:
A. A ratio detector
The bandwidth of a fax signal is kept A. Troposcatter B. A D/A converter (Ans.)
narrow by: B. The D layer C. A product detector
C. Ionospheric ducting D. An envelope detector
A. Sending the data at a slow rate of D. Tropospheric bending (Ans.)
speed (Ans.) Digital modulation is superior to analog
B. Limiting the image resolution Single-sideband can be demodulated by: modulation in the sense that:
C. Limiting the range of shades sent
D. Using pulse modulation A. An envelope detector A. Analog signals have discrete states,
B. A diode while digital ones vary continuously
What is the wavelength of a 21.3-MHz C. A BFO and mixer (Ans.) B. Digital signals resemble noise less
signal? D. A ratio detector than analog ones (Ans.)
C. Digital signals are easier to use with
A. 46.2 m A diode and capacitor can be used to FM
B. 14.1 m (Ans.) detect: D. Digital signals have greater
C. 21.0 km bandwidth
D. 6.39 km A. CW
B. AM (Ans.) A product detector would most often used
A coaxial cable: C. SSB to receive
D. FSK
A. Keeps the signal confined (Ans.) A. AM
B. Radiates efficiently The S+N/N ratio is a measure of: B. CW (Ans.)
C. Works well as a transmitting antenna C. FM
D. Can pick up signals from outside A. Sensitivity (Ans.) D. None of the above
B. Selectivity
C. Dynamic range

14
Excel Review Center ECE Refresher/Coaching Course EST TH 2
To receive UHF signals on a shortwave
receiver, you would need:

A. A heterodyne detector
B. A product detector
C. An up converter
D. A down converter (Ans.)

Image rejection in a superhet receiver is

enhanced by:

A. Front-end selectivity (Ans.)

B. A product detector
C. A variable LO
D. A sensitive IF amplifier chain

A low is not practical with a single-

conversion receiver because:

A. Product detection cannot be used

B. The image frequency would be too
close to the incoming-signal
frequency (Ans.)
C. Sensitivity would be impaired
D. Adjacent-channel rejection would be
poor

Digital signal processing can be used to

advantage with:

A. SSB
B. SSTV
C. FSK
D. Any of the above (Ans.)

END

15