Maintenance Training Manual: EMBRAER ERJ-190 / 195 (GE CF34)

Maintenance Training Manual
Developed for Training Purposes Only
Vol 07
EMBRAER ERJ-190 / 195 (GE CF34)

ATA 38 - WATER AND WASTE SYSTEM
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CHAPTER DESCRIPTION BLOCK
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ATA 38 – WATER AND WASTE SYSTEM GENERAL (38-00).....................5 AIR SUPPLY (38-40)..............................................................................114
INTRODUCTION................................................................................. 6 INTRODUCTION 38-40-00.....................................................................114
GENERAL DESCRIPTION.................................................................6 GENERAL DESCRIPTION.....................................................................114
COMPONENTS................................................................................ 12 COMPONENTS....................................................................................116
OPERATION.....................................................................................24 OPERATION.........................................................................................120
POTABLE WATER (38-10).......................................................................28
INTRODUCTION............................................................................... 28
GENERAL DESCRIPTION...............................................................32
COMPONENTS................................................................................ 34
OPERATION.....................................................................................38
STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION (38-11).................................................42

INTRODUCTION............................................................................... 42
COMPONENTS................................................................................ 44
OPERATION.....................................................................................58
WATER HEATER SYSTEM (38-12).........................................................62
INTRODUCTION............................................................................... 62
COMPONENTS................................................................................ 62
OPERATION.....................................................................................64
WATER TANK QUANTITY INDICATION (38-13)....................................66
INTRODUCTION............................................................................... 66
COMPONENTS................................................................................ 66
OPERATION.....................................................................................70
WASTE DISPOSAL (38-30)......................................................................74
INTRODUCTION............................................................................... 74
COMPONENTS................................................................................ 74
OPERATION.....................................................................................80
GRAY WATER - DRAIN SYSTEM (38-31)...............................................82
INTRODUCTION............................................................................... 82
COMPONENTS................................................................................ 86
OPERATION.....................................................................................90
VACUUM WASTE SYSTEM (VWS) (38-32)............................................92
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................92
GENERAL DESCRIPTION.......................................................................94
COMPONENTS....................................................................................96
OPERATION.........................................................................................110
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ATA 38 - WATER AND WASTE SYSTEM
WATER AND WASTE SYSTEM GENERAL (38-00)
INTRODUCTION WASTE SYSTEM
The Water/Waste system provides waste collection and storage from the The Vacuum Waste System provides waste collection and storage from the
toilet assemblies located within the lavatories and supplies pressurized toilet assemblies located within the lavatories for passenger use. It uses
potable water in the galleys and in the lavatory areas for passenger and crew either a vacuum generator or differential pressure between the cabin and
use. The system is made up of potable water, waste disposal and air supply. ambient to transport the waste from the toilets to an aft mounted waste
holding tank, whose usable capacity is 95 liters (25 gallons).
The waste disposal system is composed of two subsystems, the vacuum
waste system and the gray water drain System. The titanium waste lines for transporting the waste are installed inside the
pressurized, temperature-controlled environment of the fuselage and are
GENERAL DESCRIPTION routed from the toilets to the waste holding tank.
WATER SYSTEM During a toilet flush cycle, the Vacuum Waste System uses a small amount of

The Potable Water System supplies pressurized potable water in the galleys pressurized water from the potable water system to rinse the toilet bowl and
and lavatories for passenger and crew use. The pressurization of the potable aid in the evacuation of waste.
water system is achieved by bleed air or an optional air compressor. The
potable water is stored in a central holding tank, whose useable capacity is During ground servicing, the waste tank is drained through a service panel
110 liters. into a service truck. A rinse line routed from the service panel to a rotating
rinse nozzle within the waste tank is used to supply rinsing fluid to the tank.
The water lines are installed inside the pressurized, temperature-controlled
environment of the fuselage. The water line to each consumer is equipped The system controller operates and monitors the system components and
with a manual shutoff valve for system isolation and maintenance actions. evaluates failure status.
Insulation and electric heaters are installed for the potable and gray water
systems in order to prevent freezing during normal flight and ground
operation.
The Gray Water System enables draining of the serviced water from galleys
and lavatories washbasins. Draining is performed by drain masts located in
the forward and aft sections of the fuselage..
The optional gray water intermediate holding tanks collect gray water on
ground from the forward and aft galleys and lavatories to avoid spillage onto
the tarmac.
A system controller (WWSC- Water and Waste System Controlller_operates

and monitors the system components, evaluates failure status and also
controls the water/waste heating systems.
WATER/WASTE - OVERVIEW ACFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK

WATER AND WASTE SYSTEM GENERAL (38-00)
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK
WATER SYSTEM
The Potable Water System supplies pressurized potable water in the galleys
and lavatories for passenger and crew use. The pressurization of the potable
water system is achieved by bleed air; alternately, a standard air compressor
is used to pressurize the water system if the bleed air pressure is below the
optimal range. The potable water is stored in a central holding tank, whose
useable capacity is 110 liters; located in the forward fuselage section of the

aircraft under the floor in front of the forward bulkhead of the forward cargo
compartment..
The Gray Water System enables draining of the serviced water from galleys
and lavatories washbasins. Draining is performed by drain port installed in
the forward fuselage for drainage of gray water on-ground drain masts, aft
master drains and by a relocated forward drain mast.
A system controller (WWSC- Water and Waste System Controlller) and

VCU- Valves Control Unit) operate and monitor the system components,
evaluates failure status and also controls the water/waste heating systems.
WATER/WASTE - OVERVIEW EMB 195 ACFT WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The WATER/WASTE includes these subsystems:
• POTABLE WATER (AMM SDS 38-10-00/1)
• WASTE DISPOSAL (AMM SDS 38-30-00/1)
• AIR SUPPLY (AMM SDS 38-40-00/1)
• WWSC (Water and Waste System Controller) (AMM MPP 38-00-01/401)


• SUMP ASSEMBLY (AMM MPP 38-00-03/401)
• VCU (Valve Control Unit) (AMM MPP 38-00-02/401)
EFFECTIVITY: AIRCRAFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK AND

WWSC
The WWSC monitors and controls the components of the systems of the
potable water, vacuum waste, gray water and air supply. The controller
interacts with the aircraft aft FAP and with power systems.
The WWSC and VCU monitor and control the components of the systems of
the potable water, vacuum waste, gray water and air supply. The controllers
interacts with the aircraft aft FAP (Flight Attendant Panel) and power
systems.
WATER/WASTE - BLOCK DIAGRAM

EFFECTIVITY ACFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK
EFFECTIVITY:ON ACFT BEM 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK
COMPONENTS
POTABLE WATER (38-10)
The potable water subsystem includes components and equipment to store
and supply pressurized potable water to the galley and lavatory areas for the
use of passengers and crew members. The system supplies pressurized
water to the lavatories and the galleys. This water cannot be used to drink.
Water is also supplied in the lavatories for flushing of the vacuum toilets. The
potable water system is made up of other three systems: storage and
distribution, water heater, and water tank quantity indication.
WASTE DISPOSAL (38-30)

The waste disposal system provides waste collection and storage from the
toilet assemblies located within the lavatories and from the gray water

coming from the galley sinks and lavatory washbasins. The waste disposal
system is composed of two subsystems, the VWS (Vacuum Waste System)
and the gray water drain system. The VWS uses either a vacuum generator
or differential pressure between the cabin and the ambient to transport the
waste from the toilets to a vacuum waste system tank.
AIR SUPPLY (38-40)

The potable water system is pressurized by bleed air coming from the APU
(Auxiliary Power Unit) or main engines or air compressor if applicable. The
air is introduced via an air manifold into the potable water tank to provide
regulated pressurized potable water.
WATER/WASTE - MAIN COMPONENTS ACFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK


WATER/WASTE - MAIN COMPONENTS ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK

WATER WASTE SYSTEM CONTROLLER
EFFECTIVITY: AIRCRAFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK The WWSC controls and performs the following functions:
AND WWSC
• The system FILL/DRAIN process is controlled jointly by the VCU and the
The WWSC is a microprocessor-based electronic module that monitors and WWSC.
controls the components of the water, waste and air supply systems.
The WWSC is mounted in the rear electronics bay on a support bracket. The TRAINING INFORMATION POINTS
location is behind the aft LH (Left- Hand) lavatory and above the vacuum WWSC provides twelve (12) discrete pin-programming inputs to accept
waste tank. aircraft configuration data. The pin programming inputs are hard-wired on the
The controller operates with the aircraft 28 VDC (Volt Direct Current) power. aircraft side harness.
The WWSC is powered from one of three separate sources. The WWSC also
provides water tank fill and drain functions under a low-power condition called PIN PROGRAMMING OPTIONS
Hot Bus mode.

The system controller operates and monitors the system components and
evaluates failure status.
The WWSC controls and performs the following functions:
• System fill/drain process.

• Water tank level monitoring.
• Valve opening/closing.
• Drain masts heating.
• Waste tank level monitoring.
• Initiation of vacuum generator operation at low altitudes.
• Monitoring of service panel door switch.
• Interface with toilet.
• BIT (Built-in Test) of water system components;
• Indication of water system status to cockpit, FAP and service panel;
• Communication with the Generic I/O 3 (MAU 3) for fault messages
displayed in the CMC (Central Maintenance Computer).
• In-flight drainage of the potable water (If applicable to the aircraft
configuration).
• Gray water drainage (Gray water holding tank if applicable to the aircraft
configuration).
WATER WASTE SYSTEM CONTROLLER
The WWSC is a microprocessor-based electronic module that interfaces with .

the VCU, monitors and controls the components of the water, waste and air
supply systems.
WATER/WASTE - MAIN COMPONENTS

VALVE CONTROL UNIT
EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK PIN PROGRAMMING
The VCU has only two optional pins. One indicates whether or not the aircraft
The VCU is a PLD - Programmable Logic Device that interfaces with WWSC, is an ERJ 190-200, because the VCU may be extended for use on other
controls and monitors the valves, air compressor, and Fill/Drain switch. The aircraft models of the ERJ 170/190 aircraft in case of the fwd drain mast
VCU is installed in the aft avionics compartment and operates with the relocation.
aircraft 28 VDC power. The VCU is powered from one of three separate The other pin enables or disables a 180s time delay for gray water ground
sources: the aircraft DC GND SVC BUS, DC BUS 1 and HOT BUS (battery). valve closing after the aircraft takes off. The aim of this delay is to assure
Generally, the DC GND SVC BUS will power the VCU, in case of loss of DC clearing of the drain lines after the opening of the gray water valve (when
GND SVC BUS, the DC BUS 1 provides power to VCU. The VCU installed) and prior the closing of the gray water ground valve.
automatically switches to HOT BUS mode when both DC GND SVC BUS
and DC BUS 1 fail to supply power.

TRAINING INFORMATION POINTS
The VCU fault indication system is monitored on FAP through the water fault
indication light (blinking) and also can be checked on the lighted indication
panel of the VCU.
The VCU indication panel has: the reset button; the LED (Light-Emitting
Diode) test button performs BIT of the gray water ground valve, FILL/ DRAIN
valve, FILL/DRAIN switch and overflow valve; the LED SYS FAIL indicates
VCU fault.
The VCU controls and performs the following functions:
• The System fill process*

• System drain process*
• Overflow valve opening/closing.
• On-ground draining of the potable water and gray water.
• Air compressor operation.
• Provisions for Communication with the MAU for fault messages displayed
in the CMC.
* The system FILL/DRAIN process is controlled jointly by the VCU and the
WWSC.
WATER/WASTE - MAIN COMPONENTS (ONLY FOR EMB 195) - VCU INDICATION LIGHTS


WATER/WASTE - VCU INDICATION LIGHTS

SUMP ASSEMBLY
Sump assemblies are installed in the aircraft floor panels at the galley and
lavatory water system interface locations. The sump provides the connection
point for the potable water and gray water lines from the individual users. The
sump contains interface fittings for connection of the galley or lavatory water
hoses above floor and the water system hoses below floor.
For potable water, the fitting is a clamshell type and the ends are .50". For
gray water line, the fitting is beaded for a hose clamp and the ends are .75"
below floor and 1.00" above floor). The sump also contains a
condensate/excess water drain tube bonded to the sump basin. The tube is a
1/4" stainless tube, which is connected to a section of Tygon (PVC) tubing to
direct the water toward the aircraft bilge.

The sump drain hose is used to drain water that may leak from the
connection points of the potable water and/or gray water lines.

AIRCRAFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK – OPERATION
WATER SYSTEM OPERATION IN-FLIGHT WATER DRAINING
The water system supplies pressurized water to lavatories and galleys Both drain masts are temperature controlled by the WWSC. The drain mast
whenever the following conditions are met: heaters prevent hazardous ice formation during draining of water. In case of
any faulty drain mast(s) condition., In-flight draining is not allowed by WWSC.
• Electrical power is available The WWSC opens and leaves open the following valves 2 minutes after it
• Water tank is not empty; detects that the landing gear is up. The valves are always closed while
• Fill/Drain Switch is in “NORMAL” position; landing gear is down except during the drain process.
• No cabin drain is requested in flight.
WASTE SYSTEM OPERATION
The WWSC is in normal mode of operation while powered by DC GND SVC Toilet flushing is initiated by a passenger pushing the momentary contact
BUS or DC BUS 1. The WWSC automatically switches to HOT BUS power type flush switch located inside the lavatory. The WWSC connects to each
toilet flush control unit (FCU), mounted on the toilets, times and sequences

when both DC GND SVC BUS and DC BUS 1 fail to supply power. In the
HOT BUS mode, all WWSC operates partially to allow for draining and filling the operation of the vacuum toilet, by controlling the rinse valve and the toilet
of the water tank when neither one of the above mentioned buses are flush valve. The WWSC provides power to the MSR according to altitude in
powered. order to supply electrical power to the vacuum generator. The WWSC
receives flight and altitude information from the aircraft through MAU 3 via
ARINC 429 bus (Aeronautical Radio Incorporated).
POTABLE WATER FILLING
The service panel door switch enables HOT BUS power to the WWSC when
the service panel door is open. If power from the DC GND SVC BUS and DC If the waste tank becomes full, a level sensor in the waste tank notifies the
BUS 1 is not available or fails to supply power, the WWSC automatically WWSC, which in turn disables the toilets to prevent further flushing, and
switches to HOT BUS power mode so as to allow system filling and drainage. over-filling of the waste tank.
Filling is started by selecting FILL position in the service panel door on The WWSC monitors the aircraft service panel door switch contacts to
ground. The WWSC command the fill/drain valve to open and enable water to enable or disable toilet operation.
be filled into the water tank via the fill/drain nipple at the service panel. The The WWSC monitors the Liquid Level Sensors (LLS) to enable or disable
opened valve also enables tank ventilation and overflow via the aft drain toilet operation and provide indication on the Flight Attendant Panel (FAP).
mast. The WWSC stop filling If the water tank becomes full, by closing the The WWSC incorporates the necessary BIT to detect internal faults and
fill/drain valve and the provide FULL indication at the service panel and external faults, by performing BIT tests of the components and circuits.
quantity indication on the FAP (Flight Attendant Panel). The WWSC communicates with CMC via ARINC 429 bus through the MAU 3
for maintenance failure messages.
POTABLE WATER DRAINING
Draining is started by opening the service panel door on ground and turning
the fill/drain switch to the DRAIN position. The WWSC command the forward
drain valve and the fill/drain valve to open and enable water in the tank and
tubing to be drained via the forward and aft drain masts and the fill/drain
nipple. When the optional in-flight, aft drain valve is installed, the opening of
valve is delayed until the water level in the water tank falls below 10%. This
is done to allow proper venting and draining of the water tank. The fill/drain
switch also enables the forward drain valve to open during cold weather
conditions by overriding the safety thermostat inside forward drain mast.
WATER/WASTE - OPERATION

ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK
The Potable Water, Gray Water and Air Supply Systems are controlled and
monitored by the WWSC and VCU. The WWSC controls the Vacuum Waste
System. The WWSC and VCU interacts with the aircraft aft FAP, MAU 3 and
LICC, AICC and SPDA 1.
Due to the change of the water tank for the EMB 195, it was necessary to add
a new controller (VCU), two valves, and change the operation logic of the air
compressor. The VCU interfaces with the two added valves, WWSC
controller, air compressor, Fill/Drain switch, aft Flight Attendant Panel, and
have provisions for interfacing with the Centralized Maintenance Computer
(CMC). Some signals coming from the service panel switch, landing gear and
WWSC are also necessary for the VCU to operate jointly with the WWSC to

control the functionality of the system. The VCU does not interact or interface
with the waste system.
* The system FILL/DRAIN process is controlled jointly by the VCU and the
WWSC.
The WWSC communicates with CMC and also receives flight and altitude
information from the aircraft through MAU 3 via ARINC (Aeronautical Radio
Incorporated) 429 bus. The WWSC and VCU are in normal mode of
operation while powered by DC GND SVC BUS or DC BUS 1. The WWSC
and VCU automatically switch to HOT BUS power when both DC GND SVC
BUS and DC BUS 1 fail to supply power. In the HOT BUS mode, both
WWSC and VCU operate partially to allow for draining and filling of the water
tank when neither one of the above mentioned buses are powered.
For ground servicing, the WWSC and VCU incorporate a HOT BUS mode
feature that allows system servicing when electrical power is removed from
the aircraft generators or a GPU. The drainage of the system in HOT BUS
mode is done by gravity through the drain port and only the residual water
from the lines installed aft the wing box is drained through the service panel
and aft drain mast.
WATER/WASTE – OPERATION ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK

POTABLE WATER (38-10) - INTRODUCTION
The bleed air pressure is used as the primary pressure source of the system.
The bleed pressurization line is routed from the main aircraft bleed air duct up
to the water tank inlet distribution air manifold. The tap off point is placed in
such way to provide bleed air either from the engines or from APU. The bleed

air is filtered and regulated to the system operating pressure of 36 to 41 psig.
Alternately, an air compressor if applicable can be used to pressurize the
water system if the bleed air pressure is below the optimal range. The
pressure switch mounted to the water tank signals the WWCS, which
activates the air compressor to achieve the required water system pressure.
The potable water storage tank maximum useable capacity is pin-
programmable.
POTABLE WATER – OVERVIEW AIRCRAFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK AND WWSC

INTRODUCTION

The bleed air pressure is used as the primary pressure source of the system.
The bleed pressurization line is routed from the main aircraft bleed air duct up

to the water tank inlet distribution air manifold. The tap off point is placed in
such way to provide bleed air either from the engines or from APU. The bleed
air is filtered and regulated to the system operating pressure of 36 to 41 psig.
Alternately, an air compressor is used to pressurize the water system if the
bleed air pressure is below the optimal range. The pressure switch mounted
to the water tank signals the VCU, which activates the air compressor to
achieve the required water system pressure. The air compressor is also
used during drainage of the system through the service panel.
The potable water storage tank maximum useable capacity is pin-
programmable in the same way for the EMB 195.
POTABLE WATER – OVERVIEW ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The POTABLE WATER includes these subsystems: ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK
Operation and monitoring is made by two system controllers, WWSC (Water
• Storage And Distribution (AMM SDS 38-11-00/1) and Waste System Controller) and VCU (Valve Control Unit), which control
• Water Heater System (AMM SDS 38-12-00/1) the potable water system components. These systems have failure detection
• Water Tank Quantity Indication (AMM SDS 38-13-00/1) capability and display messages indicating the current system status on the
FAP, on the CMC, and also in the VCU LED (Light-Emitting Diodes).
The potable water hoses extend from the water tank to the consumers;
galleys and lavatories.
The supply line in the galley contains a water filter if applicable for removing
impurities and sediment, and improving the water taste and quality for the

use of passengers and crew members.
A self-regulating water heater if applicable is installed at the lavatories to

provide warm water for hand washing with the aim of improving the
passenger's comfort as well as allowing the crew members to clean their
hands.
EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK
The system is pressurized through the air manifold by means of bleed air
coming from the APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) or from the main engines or
even from the air compressor if applicable (AMM SDS 38-40-00/1).
Operation and monitoring is made by one system controller, WWSC (Water

and Waste System Controller), which controls the potable water system
components. WWSC has a failure detection capability and displays
messages indicating the current system status on the FAP (Flight Attendant
Panel) and on the CMC (Central Maintenance Computer). Water quantity is
permanently monitored by the level sensor. The water tank quantity
indication, at the FAP, shows the following percentage figures: 0%; 25%;
50%; 75%, 100%. The potable water is filled /drained through the service
panel. The service panel indication gives the current status of the potable
water system: FULL, when the system is filled (to set the fill/drain switch to
FILL); DRAIN, when the drain function is activated (to set the fill/drain switch
to DRAIN). When the fill/drain switch is set to NORMAL, the indication in the
service panel disappears. The water lines are equipped with a manual shutoff
valve for galley and lavatory system isolation and for maintenance without the
use of tools.
POTABLE WATER - BLOCK DIAGRAM ACFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK

COMPONENTS
STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION (38-11)
Potable water is distributed from a single tap point below the potable water
tank through the water distribution line. The water lines distribute the potable
water to the lavatories and the galleys for the use of passengers and crew
members.
WATER HEATER SYSTEM (38-12)

A self-regulating water heater if applicable is installed in the lavatories to
provide warm water for hand washing, aimed at improving passenger comfort
as well as allowing the crew members to clean their hands, prior to beginning
the food servicing duties.

WATER TANK QUANTITY INDICATION (38-13)
The water tank quantity indication subsystem includes components to
indicate and monitor the water level within the potable water tank. The
system is made up of water tank level sensor and service panel indication.
POTABLE WATER - MAIN COMPONENTS ACFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK


POTABLE WATER - MAIN COMPONENTS ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK

OPERATION
Potable water is distributed from a single tap point below the potable water DRAINING ON GROUND
tank through the water distribution line. The water lines distribute the potable On the ground, draining starts by opening the service panel door and turning
water to the lavatories and galleys. Water is filtered in the galleys and is the fill/drain switch to the DRAIN position. The FWD (Forward) drain valve
warmed in the lavatories for the use of passengers and crew members. The and the fill/drain valve open automatically and enable water in the tank and
filling is done from service panel to the potable water tank. The on-ground lines to be drained through the service panel in the aft section of the aircraft.
draining can be done through the service panel and the in-flight if applicable At the service panel, the DRAIN indicator light illuminates, indicating that all
through the drain masts. valves are open. If the fill/drain switch is returned to NORMAL, all valves
close and the DRAIN indication dims.
For ground servicing, the WWSC incorporates a HOT BUS mode feature that
allows system filling and draining even without electrical power being At water consuming locations, the shutoff valves must be open. The faucets
supplied by either the AC (Alternating Current) generators or by the GPU and coffee makers are self-venting to clear the lines and avoid vacuum lock.
(Ground Power Unit). The service panel door switch enables HOT BUS

power to the WWSC when the service panel door is open. If power from the The drain servicing procedure using the compressor is not available by
DC (Direct Current) GND (Ground) SVC (Service) BUS and DC BUS 1 is not means of hot battery power. In this mode, all valves open and the potable
available or is not supplied, the WWSC automatically switches to HOT BUS water is drained on the ground by gravity through the drain mast and the
power mode, so as to allow the system filling and drainage. fill/drain nipple. The compressor is also commanded ON by the WWSC
during the pressurized drainage. The service panel door switch disconnects
EFFECTIVITY: AIRCRAFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK AND the WWSC from the HOT BUS after 6 minutes when the fill/drain switch is set
WWSC to the DRAIN position.
FILLING
The filling of the potable water tank system starts by opening the service DRAINING IN FLIGHT (IF APPLICABLE TO THE AIRCRAFT
panel door on ground, attaching a fill hose, and turning the fill/drain switch to CONFIGURATION)
the FILL position. The fill/drain valve turned to the OPEN position, enabling In-flight drainage of the potable water tank is commanded by pressing the
water to be filled into the water tank through the fill/drain nipple at the service water dump pushbutton indicator located in the cockpit (main instrument
panel. panel). It is used by the flight crew for in-flight drainage of the potable water
tank. When the pushbutton is pressed, the aft drain valve opens automatically
If the water tank becomes full, the fill/drain valve closes automatically and the and the cockpit water drain WHITE indicator is illuminated by the WWSC.
FULL indicator is illuminated at the service panel. When the fill/drain switch The water in the potable water tank is drained via the aft drain mast. When
returns to NORMAL, the fill/drain valve closes simultaneously and the FULL the cockpit indicator is ON, the drainage can STOP if the cabin drain
indication dims. The valves are also closed if the 6-minute time-out expires in pushbutton is pressed a second time, all water drain valves will close and the
the HOT BUS power mode. WHITE indicator will extinguish. The forward drain valve is opened
automatically three minutes after water quantity inside the water tank
A 10-second time-out period is incorporated to shut down the WWSC and measures as 0%. The in-flight drainage inhibit via WWSC in case the landing
avoid battery depletion. The service panel door switch disconnects the gear is down or the temperature sensor in the forward drain mast detects low
WWSC from the HOT BUS every time the service panel door is closed. The temperature. The forward and the aft drain valves are commanded to close.
WWSC activates the air compressor if applicable when the water tank
pressure switch indicates low pressure, except when the FILL signal is active
while the aircraft is parked on the ground.
POTABLE WATER – OPERATION ACFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK

OPERATION
EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK simultaneously turns on to pressurize the water through the water lines to the
service panel.
Potable water is distributed from a single tap point below the potable water
tank through the water distribution line. The water lines distribute the potable On the service panel, the DRAIN indicator starts blinking, indicating that the
water to the lavatories and the galleys. The water is filtered in the galleys and initial drain process is in progress. Two minutes after the water tank is empty,
the water is also warmed in the lavatories for the use of passengers and crew as detected by the water tank level sensor, or 17 minutes after the
members. The filling is done from the service panel to the potable water tank. compressor started working, the VCU will turn off the compressor and send a
The on-ground draining can be done through the service panel, and in-flight if signal to the WWSC to open the FWD DRAIN valve to allow drainage, by
applicable through the drain masts. gravity, of the remaining water in the system. On the service panel, the
DRAIN indication light illuminates steadily, indicating that all valves are open.
For ground servicing, the WWSC and VCU incorporate a HOT BUS mode When the fill/drain switch is returned to NORMAL, all valves close and the
feature that allows system filling and draining even with no electrical power DRAIN indication dims on the service panel and the power to the air

from either the AC generators or GPU. The service panel door switch compressor is enabled.
enables HOT BUS power to the WWSC and to the VCU when the service
panel door is open. If power from the DC GND SVC BUS and DC BUS 1 is The drain servicing procedure using the compressor is not available by
not available or fails to supply power, the WWSC and VCU automatically means of hot battery power. In this mode, all valves open and the potable
switches to HOT BUS power mode so as to allow system filling and drainage. water are on-ground drained by gravity through the drain port. Only the
residual water is drained through the aft drain mast and the fill/drain nipple. A
FILLING vent valve has been added to the top of the tank, allowing proper venting of
The filling of the potable water tank system starts by opening the service the tank and avoiding a build-up of vacuum during the gravity drainage since
panel door on the ground, attaching a fill hose, and turning the fill/drain switch the overflow hose will be filled up with water. The service panel door switch
to the FILL position. The fill/drain valve (commanded by the WWSC) and the disconnects the WWSC from the HOT BUS after 6 minutes, when the
overflow valve (commanded by the VCU) are automatically turned to the fill/drain switch is set to the DRAIN position.
OPEN position, which enables water to be filled into the water tank through
the fill/drain nipple at the service panel. If the water tank becomes full, the ABNORMAL OPERATION
fill/drain valve CLOSES automatically and the FULL indicator is illuminated at
the service panel. When the fill/ drain switch is returned to NORMAL, the FILLING
fill/drain valve closes simultaneously and the FULL indication dims. The The open overflow valve enables the tank ventilation and overflow through
valves are also closed if a 6-minute time-out expires in the HOT BUS power the forward drain port in case of water level sensor failure.
mode. After the valve closing command (10-second time-out period) expires,
the WWSC and VCU shutdown, avoiding battery depletion.
DRAINING IN FLIGHT (If applicable to the aircraft configuration)
DRAINING ON GROUND In-flight draining is not allowed under any faulty drain mast condition and if
On-ground draining starts by opening the service panel door and turning the the landing gear information is not available. If the command is given after
fill/drain switch to the DRAIN position. When the fill/ drain switch is set to the landing gear extension, the in-flight drainage will be inhibited and the
DRAIN, the VCU commands the fill/drain valve and overflow valve to open. WHITE indicator will not illuminate.
The fill/drain valve opens automatically and enables water in the tank and
enables water in the tank and hoses to be drained through the service panel
in the aft section of the aircraft. If AC power is available the compressor
POTABLE WATER – OPERATION ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK

STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION (38-11)
INTRODUCTION GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Potable water is distributed from a single tap point below the potable water The potable water is filled through the single potable water service panel.
tank through the water distribution line. The water lines distribute the potable Potable water hoses extend from the water tank to the consumers: galleys
water to the faucets of the lavatories and water spigots in the galleys for the and lavatories. Potable water is distributed from the potable water tank
use of passengers and crew members. through the distribution lines. Reinforced and flexible supply hoses are
The water storage and distribution system has the following equipment: installed in the pressurized area under the floor cabin, except for the wing
area, where the water lines are routed above floor behind dado panels. The
water lines to each consumer are equipped with a manual shutoff valve for
• Potable water tank system isolation and maintenance. Water is supplied to the sink by a wall-
• Water supply hoses mounted faucet located above the lavatory sink basin. Water is also supplied
• Fill/Drain valve to a spigot in the galleys.
•

Forward drain valve
• Fill/Drain nipple
• Fill/Drain switch
• Service panel door switch
• Manual shutoff valves
• Water filters
• Lavatory faucets
• Galley spigots
EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK IN-FLIGHT

DRAINAGE
• Cockpit in-flight drainage panel

• Aft drain valve

• Overflow valve
• Water tank vent valve
STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION - BLOCK DIAGRAM

IF APPLICABLE TO THE AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATION.
COMPONENTS
POTABLE WATER TANK
The potable water tank stores a varying quantity of water to be supplied to
lavatories and galleys on ground and during flight. The potable water storage
tank is located behind the aft cargo compartment bulkhead (below the cabin
floor crossbeams) in the aft section, and is mounted horizontally with two
band clamps. The tank is supported by a structural cradle that is attached to
the aircraft structure. At the top of the tank, a 4-inch V-Flange is installed.
The flange incorporates ports and fittings for the overflow line, air
pressurization, air pressure switch, and level sensor. At the bottom of the
tank, a flange connection provides an interface to the fill/drain and distribution
lines. An overflow tube set at 101% of tank level is provided to limit tank
volume in case of malfunctioning of the control loop, and as a protection

against overfilling. Water supply is provided by pressurization of the air
cushion above the water level.
The WWSC (Water and Waste System Controller) system controller, in

conjunction with the level sensor, limits the usable quantity to the predefined
volume.
NOTE: The aircraft potable water tank can be configured to 35, 70, 90 or
110-liters capacity by changing the WWSC pin programming.
The useable tank capacity is 110 liters. The tank has an air cushion volume
of 10 liters that provides proper dampening of tank pressure variations of the
bleed air pressure. An overflow tube set at 101% of tank level is provided to
limit tank volume in case of malfunctioning of the control loop, and as a
protection against overfilling.
The system controller, in conjunction with the level sensor, limits the usable
quantity to the pre-defined volume. Water supply is provided by
pressurization of the air cushion above the water level. The nominal system
pressure inside the tank is 36 - 41 psig considering an inlet pressure on
pressure regulator from 44 to 59.4 PSIG.
POTABLE WATER SUPPLY HOSES

Potable water flexible hoses are installed to supply potable water to the
consumers (lavatories and galleys). Clamshell couplings are used in the
connections of the hoses to the installed equipment. The hoses are clamped
to support brackets on the aircraft structure using saddle clamps with an
insulating sleeve. The supports are spaced enough to avoid the hose to
droop and thus ensure complete drainage.
STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION - MAIN COMPONENTS ON ACFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK

LENGTH 1072,6 mm (42,33 in)
DIAMETER 396,0 mm (15.60 in)
VOLUME, TOTAL 121,71 (32.1 USG)
VOLUME, USEABLE 110,01 (29.0 USG)
WEIGHT 16,0 kg (35.3 lb)
-54 def. C to +85 deg. C
OPERATING TEMPERATURE
(-65 deg. F to +185 def. F)
OPERATING PRESSURE 0 to 2862 hPa (0 to 41 PSIg)
MAX. OPERATING PRESSURE 3585 hPa (0 to 52 PSIg)
EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK POTABLE WATER TANK
The potable water tank stores a varying quantity of water to be supplied to

lavatories and galleys on ground and during flight. The potable water storage
tank is located behind the forward cargo compartment bulkhead (below the
cabin floor crossbeams) in the forward section, and is mounted horizontally
with two band clamps. The tank is supported by a structural cradle that is
attached to the aircraft structure. At the top of the tank, a 4-inch V-flange is
installed. The flange on the top of the tank incorporates ports and fittings for
the overflow line, vent valve, air supply line, and level sensor. At the bottom
of the tank, a flange connection provides an interface to the fill/drain and
distribution lines. An overflow tube set at 101% of tank level is provided to
limit tank volume in case of malfunctioning of the control loop, and as a
protection against overfilling. Water supply is provided by pressurization of

the air cushion above the water level.
STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION - MAIN COMPONENTS ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK

FWD POTABLE WATER TANK
COMPONENTS

WWSC
FILL/DRAIN VALVE
The fill/drain valve enabling on-ground filling and draining as well as tank
ventilation and overflow via the aft drain mast, and draining during flight if
applicable. The valve is a four-way, two-position ball-type that is operated
by an electric motor, controlled by the WWSC. The nominal operating voltage
is 28 VDC (Volt Direct Current), supplied to the valve through the WWSC
from the DC GND SVC BUS or DC BUS 1. The fill/drain valve is designed to
withstand freezing conditions (AMM SDS 30-71-00/1).

FORWARD DRAIN VALVE
The FWD drain valve serves to on-ground drain the FWD potable water
system line and in-flight drain if applicable through the drain port. The valve is
operated by electrical signals from the WWSC. The FWD drain valve is a
two-way ball-type that is operated by an electric motor.
AFT DRAIN VALVE
EFFECTIVITY: AIRCRAFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK IN

FLIGHT DRAINAGE
The AFT drain valve is used to in-flight drain the potable water tank. The
valve is a two-way, two-position ball-type that is operated by an electric
motor. The valve is operated by an electric motor controlled by the WWSC.
The nominal operating voltage is 28 VDC, supplied to the valve through the
WWSC from the DC GND SVC BUS or the DC BUS 1.
STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION - MAIN COMPONENTS ON ACFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK

IF APPLICABLE TO THE AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATION.
COMPONENTS
(EFFECTIVITY: AIRCRAFT WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK)
FILL/DRAIN VALVE
The fill/drain valve is used for on-ground filling and draining the water system
and in-flight draining if applicable. The valve is a two-way; two position ball-
type that is operated by electrical signals from WWSC and VCU (Valve
Control Unit). The nominal operating voltage is 28 VDC, supplied to the valve
through the WWSC and VCU from the DC GND SVC BUS or DC BUS 1. The
fill/drain valve is designed to withstand freezing conditions (AMM SDS 30-71-
00/1).

FORWARD DRAIN VALVE
The FWD (Forward) drain valve serves to on-ground drain the FWD potable
water system line and in-flight drain if applicable through the drain port. The
FWD drain valve is a two-way ball-type that is operated by an electric motor.
The valve is operated by electrical signals from the WWSC. The FWD drain
valve is designed to withstand freezing conditions (AMM SDS 30-71-00/1).
OVERFLOW VALVE
The overflow valve installed close to the water tank in the FWD section for
ventilation and overflow purposes. The overflow valve opens for the filling
process when operating on ground, through the service panel and serves to
vent the tank in normal conditions and drain water on ground through the
drain port, in case the water level sensor is not operating. The normal
position for the valve in flight is CLOSED. The overflow valve is a two-way
ball-type that is operated by an electric motor controlled by the VCU. The
overflow valve is designed to withstand freezing conditions (AMM SDS 30-
71-00/1).
VENT VALVE
A vent valve is installed in the overflow line. This valve is installed to allow
proper venting of the water tank, during the gravity drainage when operating
on ground in the HOT BUS mode. Under this operating condition, the
overflow line is filled with water; therefore tank venting is not possible through
the corresponding hose.
STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION - MAIN COMPONENTS ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK

SERVICE PANEL
The service panel contains the necessary servicing equipment such as FILL/DRAIN NIPPLE
fill/drain nipple, fill/drain switch, service panel door switch and a service The FILL/DRAIN nipple is part of the potable water service panel. It is the
indication panel (AMM SDS 38-13-00/1). Identification placards in the English connection between the potable water system and the potable water service
language are provided to describe the equipment position/function. Bilingual vehicle. It is used for filling and draining the potable water tank.
instructional placards with the description of all the service procedures steps
are provided (English and another language chosen by the airline). The FILL/DRAIN nipple is provided with these four main parts:
FILL DRAIN SWITCH • A standard adapter for the connection with the potable water vehicle.
The fill/drain switch is part of the potable water service panel and enables • A fitting for installation to the potable water hose.
ground service operation of the system. The fill/drain switch activates the • A lever lock cap assembly.
following functions:
• An insulated base.

• Potable water tank filling
The fill/drain nipple has a cuff heater with an overheat protection and
• Potable water tank draining temperature control. (AMM SDS 30-71-00/1).
The fill/drain switch is operated by electrical signals at 28 VDC. Three
positions that are actuated by the handle are possible and marked with
labels:
• Drain
• Normal
• Fill
SERVICE PANEL DOOR SWITCH

The door switch is located in the potable water service panel. It is of
electromechanical type provided with a spring-loaded plunger. When the
service panel door is open, the door switch is used to connect the 28 VDC
electrical power from the aircraft HOT BATTERY BUS to the WWSC during
the system ground servicing, when no aircraft power or ground power is
available.
STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION - MAIN COMPONENTS

WATER SERVICING
POTABLE WATER FILLING POTABLE WATER DRAINING
The service panel door switch enables HOT BUS power to the WWSC when Draining of the system will be performed simultaneously for the potable water
the service panel door is open. If power from the DC GND SVC BUS and DC and optional gray water systems. The manual on-ground drain procedure is
BUS 1 is not available or fails to supply power, the WWSC automatically described as follows:
switches to HOT BUS power mode so as to allow system filling and drainage.
Filling is started by selecting FILL position in the service panel door on WARNING: DO NOT TOUCH THE DRAIN MAST. IF YOU TOUCH IT, YOU
ground. The WWSC command the fill/drain valve to open and enable water to WILL BE BURNED.
be filled into the water tank via the fill/drain nipple at the service panel. The
opened valve also enables tank ventilation and overflow via the aft drain • Open the water service panel, (LH side in the lower part of the fuselage;
mast. The WWSC stop filling If the water tank becomes full, by closing the • Set fill/drain switch to DRAIN position;
fill/drain valve and the provide FULL indication at the service panel and
quantity indication on the FAP (Flight Attendant Panel). • Water drains through the drain masts and service panel fill/drain nipple;
•

The service panel light provides a DRAIN indication (all system valves
open) (except during HOT BUS operation mode);
The fill procedure is described as follows:
• Turn the fill/drain switch to the NORMAL position
• All valves close and the Drain indication turns off.
• Open the water service panel, (LH side in the lower part of the fuselage);
• Put the protective cap on the fill/drain nipple.
• Connect water supply hose from the service unit to the fill/drain nipple;
• Set fill/drain switch to FILL position;
NOTE:
CAUTION: THE MAXIMUM PRESSURE FOR FILLING IS 379.3 kPa (55
Psi). • Let all unwanted water drain before you put the protective cap on the
fill/drain nipple.
• Fill water system from Water Servicing unit;
• Where there are freezing conditions, after the water drainage, we
• The service panel light provides a FULL indication (except during HOT recommend that you wait approximately 30 minutes to put the protection
BUS operation mode); cap on the fill/drain nipple to make sure that all residual water is drained.
• After FULL indicator illuminates the fill/drain valve closes automatically; This procedure will prevent the residual water freezing. The protection cap
• On the aft flight ATDT panel, make sure that the water quantity-indication can cause a blockage of the water/fill drain line.
light shows the correct level.
• Turn the fill/drain switch to the NORMAL position
• Disconnect the water supply hose and close the service panel door.
NOTE: Let all unwanted water drain before you put the protective cap on
the fill/drain nipple.
Where there are freezing conditions, after the water drainage, we

recommend that you wait approximately 30 minutes to put the protection cap
on the fill/drain nipple to make sure that all residual water is drained. This
procedure will prevent the residual water freezing. The protection cap can
cause a blockage of the water/fill drain line.
WATER - SERVICING

MANUAL SHUTOFF VALVE
The water system may be isolated by means of the manual shutoff valve in GALLEY SPIGOT
case of a water system leak in the supply line. The manual shutoff valve is The galley water spigot is mounted in the work counter area of the galley.
placed in the potable water supply line, at the galley and lavatory. The The water spigot is connected to the potable water system and supplies
equipment is installed above the floor level and is readily accessible. water for passenger and crew use. The faucet is self-vented. The outlet has a
removable cap with an integral mesh screen to avoid contamination.
LAVATORY FAUCET
Water is supplied to the lavatories through a faucet located above the sink
basin with the faucet outlet. The faucet outlet is located a minimum of 1 inch
from the maximum rim level of the washbasins in order to prevent cross-
contamination with the serviced water. The faucet incorporates a mechanical
time delay device to allow the continuous flow without holding down the cap.
The timer is adjustable from 3 to 10 seconds per push.

The faucet has a single control cap that serves to both initiate the flow of
water and control the water temperature (AMM SDS 38-12-00/1). The faucet
has two inlet ports for hot and cold water. A valve inside the body of the
faucet controls the flow and mixing from the two ports to regulate the water
temperature according to the set position. Red and blue arrows engraved on
the cap mark the hot and cold turn directions.
WATER FILTER
The potable water supply line in the galley contains a water filter for removing
impurities and improving the water taste and quality for use. The filters
remove unpleasant tastes and odors, organic pollutants, dirt, amoebic and
other cysts, algae and invisible particles, as small as two to five micrometers
in diameter. The filter reduces chlorine levels to fractional parts per million to
improve taste and prevents recontamination of the water from internal
bacteria growth. The filter element is an ultra fine disposable straining
material that must be replaced at periodic intervals.
NOTE: The filter is not designed to convert non-potable water into potable
water.
STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION - MAIN COMPONENTS

OPERATION
The WWSC performs BIT tests of the following components: Level Sensor, Filling and draining of the system is possible manually. The WWSC is able to
FILL/DRAIN valve, FWD DRAIN valve, FILL/DRAIN switch, FWD DRAIN monitor failures of components connected and address failure message WTR
Mast, AFT DRAIN Mast, HOT BUS circuit. WWSC provides the following FILL DRAIN VLV/WWSC/WRG FAULT to the CMC and FAP. Only if the
signals to the water system indicators: Valve fails OPEN the FAP message will be displayed.
• FAP: WATER SERVICE/FAULT, 100% QUANTITY INDICATION, 75% The WWSC provides control and power for opening and closing of all water
QUANTITY INDICATION, 50% QUANTITY INDICATION, 25% system valves. The position of the valve is monitored by the WWSC to
QUANTITY INDICATION, 0% QUANTITY INDICATION. determine of there is a valve fault. The controller has protective circuitry to
• Cockpit: CABIN DRAIN INDICATION. prevent damage to the controller and electrical wiring in case of a short circuit
• Service Panel: TANK FULL, DRAIN VALVES OPEN. at the valve outputs. The circuit will automatically restore functioning after
the short is removed. At least one of the following methods are used to
The WWSC is able to monitor failures of components connected and address provide short circuit protection: Fault Protected Drivers, Resettable fuses in

failure messages to the CMC and FAP. Failure messages are addressed to series with the output, Series resistance and Transient Suppression Devices.
the FAP only if they affect flight attendant duties or passenger comfort. The Filll and drain indication is performed by LEDs marked “FULL” and “DRAIN”.
WATER SERVICE FAULT message is provided to the FAP under the 28 VDC Input power is supplied by the WWSC, which also controls the
following conditions: Fill/Drain valve fails to CLOSE, FWD Drain valve fails to indicator lights.
CLOSE, Aft Drain valve fails CLOSE, FWD or AFT Gray Water Drain valve
fails to OPEN, Indicated temperature of the forward drain mast is FILLING
continuously less than 15C (59F) for 5 minutes. Indicated temperature of Filling is s fill/drain switch to the FILL position. If the water tank becomes full,
either drain mast is continuously greater than 120C (248F) for 2 minutes. the fill/drain valve closes automatically and the green-color FULL indicator is
illuminated at the service pane when the tank reaches the FULL level
The WWSC monitors the water tank level by means of the water tank level selected for the configuration. If the fill/drain switch is returned to NORMAL,
sensor to determine the tank content quantity and sends an output signal to the FULL indicator is extinguished started by opening the service panel door
the FAP to indicate the correct quantity. The level sensor measures the water on ground and turning the fill/drain switch to the FILL position.
level within the potable water tank. The potable water tank level sensor is
continuously monitored, and the quantity is indicated at the FAP. DRAINING
The service panel door switch enables HOT BUS power to the WWSC when Draining is started by opening the service panel door on ground and turning
the service panel door is open. If power from the DC GND SVC BUS and DC the fill/drain switch to the DRAIN position. When the fill/drain switch is set to
BUS 1 is not available or fails to supply power, the WWSC automatically DRAIN, the WWSC commands the following valves to open by supplying 28
switches to HOT BUS power mode so as to allow system filling and drainage. VDC to the FILL/DRAIN valve, FWD DRAIN valve,FWD GRAY WATER
During servicing a minimum of electrical power for valve and the tank level DRAIN valve (when installed), AFT GRAY WATER DRAIN valve (when
sensor operation is consumed by the WWSC. When the fill/drain switch is installed). The forward drain valve and the fill/drain valve open automatically
returned to the NORMAL position, all valves automatically close. A 10- and enable water in the tank and tubing to be drained via the forward and aft
second timeout period is incorporated to shut down the WWSC and avoid drain masts and the fill/drain nipple.
battery depletion. The service panel door switch disconnects the WWSC from Electrical limit switches in each valve provides indication for the open and the
the HOT BUS every time the service panel door is closed. closed position.
The WWSC detects a faulty Fill/Drain Valve if the requested position The fill/drain switch also enables the forward drain valve to open during cold
(OPEN/CLOSED) is not in accordance (after 5 sec.) with the indicated weather conditions by overriding the safety thermostat inside forward drain
position (by the valve internal position switches). If the valve fails in open mast. At the service panel the indication DRAIN indicator light illuminates
position, the potable water system is not available. If the valve fails in closed indicating that all valves including the gray water drain valves are open.
position, the potable water system is only available as long as water is in the If the fill/drain switch is returned to NORMAL, all valves close and the DRAIN
tank. indication is extinguished.
POTABLE WATER – SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

OPERATION
STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION – OPERATION ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH • FILL/DRAIN valve
FWD POTABLE WATER TANK AND WITHOUT IN-FLIGHT DRAINAGE • Overflow valve
The VCU shares the power supply with the WWSC. It operates with the The fill/drain valve opens automatically and enables water in the tank and
aircraft 28 VDC power. The VCU is powered from one of three separate hoses to be drained via the service panel in the aft section. The air
sources: the aircraft DC GROUND SERVICE BUS, DC BUS 1 or HOT BUS 2 compressor turns on simultaneously to pressurize the water through the
(battery). The VCU automatically switches to HOT BUS mode when both DC water lines to the service panel.
GND SVC BUS and DC BUS 1 fail to supply power and the service panel At the service panel the DRAIN indicator starts blinking indicating that the
door is open. To preserve aircraft battery power, system operation in HOT initial drain process is in progress.
BUS mode is limited to potable and gray water valves operation and tank Two minutes after the water tank is empty as detected by the water tank level
level sensing for a maximum of six minutes. Each power input interface (DC sensor, or 17 minutes after the air compressor started working the VCU will
BUS 1, AC GND SVC BUS and HOT BUS) is protected with a 5 A aircraft turn-off the air compressor and send a signal to the WWSC to command the

circuit breaker. following valves to open and drain the residual water by gravity:
POTABLE WATER FILL • FWD DRAIN valve
The WWSC and VCU control the FILL process through inputs from the • FWD GRAY WATER DRAIN valve (when installed)
fill/drain switch and water tank level sensor. • AFT GRAY WATER DRAIN valve (when installed)
Filling is started by opening the service panel door on ground and turning the • In-flight DRAIN valve (when installed)
fill/drain switch to the FILL position.
The fill/drain valve (2/2-way ball valve commanded by the WWSC), and the
overflow valve (2/2-way ball valve commanded by the VCU) are automatically At the service panel the DRAIN indicator light illuminates steadily, indicating
commanded to the OPEN position and enables water to be filled into the that all the valves are open.
water tank via the fill/drain nipple at the service panel. The opened overflow When the fill/drain switch is returned to NORMAL, all valves close and the
valve enables tank ventilation and overflow via the forward drain port in case DRAIN indication is extinguished at the service panel.
of the water level sensor failure. The WWSC monitors the water tank level by means of the water tank level
If the water tank becomes full as detected by the water level sensor, the sensor and sends an output signal to the VCU and to the aft FAP to indicate
fill/drain valve and overflow valve close automatically and the FULL indicator the correct quantity.
is illuminated at the service panel.
When the fill/drain switch is returned to NORMAL, the FULL indicator at the IN- FLIGHT
service panel is extinguished. The optional in-flight draining components and operation for the relocated
It is also possible to interrupt the filling process before the water tank water tank system configuration is similar to the certified ERJ 190-200
becomes full by simply switching the fill/drain switch to the NORMAL position. configuration.
The fill/drain valve and overflow valve will close automatically. The only difference is that the residual water will be drained through the drain
port instead of the fwd drain mast.
POTABLE WATER DRAIN The drain port incorporates the same protection feature provided by the drain
On-Ground mast that opens the command to the fwd drain valve in case the temperature
Draining is started by opening the service panel door on ground and turning of the drain port falls below 5°C, eliminating the risk of ice formation under
the fill/drain switch to the DRAIN position. When the fill/drain switch is set to this condition.
DRAIN, the VCU commands the following valves to open:
STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION – OPERATION ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK

WATER HEATER SYSTEM (38-12) – INTRODUCTION
A self-regulating water heater is installed in the lavatories to provide warm
water for hand washing, aimed at improving passenger comfort as well as
allowing the crew members to clean their hands, prior to beginning the food
servicing duties.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The water heater system works with the system that follows:
• Water heater of the lavatory (AMM MPP 38-12-01/401).
COMPONENTS

WATER HEATER
A water heater in the potable water supply line provides warm water for hand
washing in the lavatory washbasins. The water heater is a cylindrical tank of
about 1.5 ℓ (0.40 gal.) capacity. It is located in the lavatory cabinet,
underneath the sink and installed in the supply line at the faucet. The water
heater tank consists of an inlet fitting, outlet fitting, and pressure relief valve.
The water heater electrical system consists of an ON-OFF toggle switch,
indicator light, manual reset thermostat (for overheat protection), temperature
controller, sensor, water-immersion cartridge heaters, and a water level
sensor. The water heater power rating is 210 W at 115 VAC, single phase,
400 Hz. Power is supplied from the AC GND SVC BUS. The water heater
circuit is protected by a tri-phase 7.5A circuit breaker in the LICC.
NOTE: The water heater does not provide a continuous hot water supply.
The maximum water temperature recovery time is 15 minutes with 15 - 18°C
(59 - 64 °F).
WATER HEATER COMPONENTS

OPERATION
Power is supplied by the AC GND (Ground) SVC (Service) BUS. It is
designed to operate with an air cushion at the top, under normal inlet water
pressure. This prevents damage to the water heater tank if freezing occurs. A
relief valve prevents excessive pressure buildup within the water heater tank.
The indicator light mounted on the water heater tank illuminates when power
is supplied to the cartridge heaters. The heaters provide warm water to the
lavatory washbasins. The manual reset thermostat is set to open the heater
circuit when the switch temperature is 72 - 82 °C (161 - 179 °F). The relief
valve prevents excessive pressure buildup within the water heater tank. The
pressure relief setting is 140 psi (965.27 KPa). During normal operation, the
manual reset thermostat remains closed and the water temperature is
maintained by the temperature control sensor at 49.4 - 53.8 °C (121 to 129

°F). If the temperature control sensor malfunctions, the water temperature
can rise to 76.7 °C ± 5 °C (170 °F ± 9 °F). The maximum water temperature
recovery time is 15 minutes with 15-18 °C (60-65 °F) initial water
temperature. When the water temperature is below the manual reset over-
temperature switch trip point, the manual reset thermostat contacts remain
closed, the indicator light illuminates, and power is supplied to the heating
circuit. When the water temperature rises above the manual thermostat trip
temperature, the manual reset thermostat opens the heating circuit and the
indicator light goes out. Heating circuit power cannot be restored until the
water temperature falls below 48.9 °C (120 °F). When the water level falls
below the water level sensor, power is removed from the heater.
Temperature control at the water outlet is achieved by mixing cold and hot
water supplies in the lavatory faucet.
Power is supplied by AC BUS 1.
WATER HEATER SYSTEM - OPERATION

WATER TANK QUANTITY INDICATION (38-13)
INTRODUCTION
The water tank quantity indication subsystem includes components to
indicate and monitor the water level within the potable water tank. The
system is made up of water tank level sensor and service panel indication.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The water tank quantity indication works with the systems that follow:
• Water tank level sensor (AMM MPP 38-13-02/401).

• Service panel indication (AMM MPP 38-13-04/401).

COMPONENTS
WATER TANK LEVEL SENSOR

The level sensor operates as a variable capacitor using water in the tank as a
variable component. It provides a current signal proportional to the water
level inside the tank. The output signal increases if water level increases and
vice versa. The potable water tank level sensor is continuously monitored,
and the quantity is indicated at the FAP (Flight Attendant Panel). Input
voltage is 28 VDC (Volt Direct Current) nominal and is provided by the
WWSC (Water and Waste System Controller).
WATER TANK QUANTITY INDICATION - MAIN COMPONENTS
EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT BEM 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK
EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK


PRESSURE
SWITCH
PRESSURE OVERFLOW
PORT
PORT PORT
FLANGE
HOUSING
ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR
TOTAL LENGTH 451,5 mm (17.78 in)

SENSOR FLANGE DIAMETER 121,4 mm (4.78 in)
WEIGHT 0,47 kg (1.036 lb)
OPERATING VOLTAGE 28 VDC (+2,3 VDC / -1,0 VDC)
SERVICE PANEL INDICATION
The service panel indication provides the tank “FULL” status and the open
position of the system drain valves during system servicing. Input power is 28
VDC and is supplied by the WWSC, which also controls the indicator lights.
The indicator panel is located in the potable water service panel and is
installed in the non-pressurized, non-temperature controlled fuselage skin
area.
The WWSC also monitors the water tank level and sends an output signal to
the FAP, to indicate the correct quantity and to the service panel indication
LED (Light Emitting Diodes).
The water tank quantity indication on the FAP is in the following figures 0, ¼,

½, ¾, and 1 in the percentage: 0%; 25%; 50%; 75%, 100%.
The WATER SERVICE FAULT message is provided to the FAP under the
following conditions:
• Fill/Drain valve fails to CLOSE

• FWD Drain valve fails to CLOSE
• Aft Drain valve fails CLOSE
• FWD or AFT Gray Water Drain valve fails to OPEN
• Indicated temperature of the forward drain mast is continuously less than
15°C (59°F) for 5 minutes.
• Indicated temperature of either drain mast is continuously greater than
120°C (248°F) for 2 minutes.
The service panel indication provides the tank “FULL” status and the open
position of the system drain valves during system servicing. Input power is 28
VDC and is supplied by the WWSC and VCU (Valve Control Unit), which also
controls the indicator lights. The indicator panel is located in the potable
water service panel and is installed in the non-pressurized, non-temperature
controlled fuselage skin area.
WATER TANK QUANTITY INDICATION - MAIN COMPONENTS

OPERATION
WWSC
The water tank level sensor acts as an electronic sensing probe and provides
a continuous measuring of the water level. The water tank quantity indication
on the FAP is in the following percentage figures: 0%; 25%; 50%; 75%,
100%. The aft FAP provides water quantity indication to the cabin attendant.
The service panel indication contains two green LEDs that are marked
“FULL” and “DRAIN”. Filling is started by turning the FILL/DRAIN switch to
the FILL position. The FILL/DRAIN valve is automatically commanded to the
OPEN position and enables water tank to be filled via fill/ drain nipple in the
service panel. If the water level sensor detects that the water tank is full, the

fill/drain valve automatically closes and the “FULL” indicator illuminates on
the service panel. When the FILL/DRAIN switch is returned to “NORMAL”
position, the valve closes and the “FULL” indication extinguishes on the
service panel. Draining is started by turning the FILL/DRAIN switch to the
“DRAIN” position. During servicing, a “DRAIN” green-color indication
illuminates in the service panel when the tank reaches the empty level
selected for the configuration. When the FILL/ DRAIN switch is returned to
“NORMAL”, all valves close and the “DRAIN” indication extinguishes on the
service panel.

WWSC
ABNORMAL OPERATION
A faulty water tank level sensor is detected by the WWSC. This failure occurs
if the output signal of the level sensor is out of range. The aft FAP provides
system fault indication to the cabin attendant and the service panel indication
is not available. The fill/ drain valve provides an overflow path to water when
the water level sensor is not operating. The valve is operated by electrical
signals from the WWSC.
WATER TANK QUANTITY INDICATION – OPERATION EFFECTIVITY: AIRCRAFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK AND WWSC

OPERATION
ABNORMAL OPERATION
When the output signal of the level sensor is out of range, a faulty water tank
level sensor is detected by the WWSC. The aft FAP provides system fault
indication to the cabin attendant and the service panel indication is not
available. The overflow valve provides an overflow path to water when the
water level sensor is not operating. The valve is operated by electrical signals
from the VCU.

WATER TANK QUANTITY INDICATION – OPERATION EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK

WASTE DISPOSAL (38-30)
INTRODUCTION COMPONENTS
The waste disposal system provides waste collection and storage from the
toilet assemblies located within the lavatories and from the gray water GRAY WATER - DRAIN SYSTEM (38-31)
coming from the galley sinks and lavatory washbasins. The waste disposal The gray-water drain system allows the gray water to drain from the galleys
system is composed of two subsystems, the VWS (Vacuum Waste System) and lavatories to the aircraft drain masts. The gray-water drain system is
and the gray water drain system. The VWS uses either a vacuum generator made up of the following equipments:
or differential pressure between the cabin and the ambient to transport the
waste from the toilets to a vacuum waste system tank.
• Gray water auto drain valves
GENERAL DESCRIPTION • Gray Water Drain Line
• Lavatory Sump
The WASTE DISPOSAL includes these subsystems:

• Galley Sump
• GRAY WATER – DRAIN SYSTEM (AMM SDS 38-31-00/1) • Drain Mast
• VACUUM WASTE SYSTEM (VWS) (AMM SDS 38-32-00/1)
IF APPLICABLE TO THE AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATION:
The Waste Disposal System transports waste and gray water from the
lavatories and galley to the waste tank and drain masts respectively. • Gray Water Holding Tank
• Gray Water Drain Valve.
Gray water from the lavatory and galley is drained through auto-drain valves
and directed to the drain mast of the aircraft. The auto-drain valves allow the • Gray Water Ground Valve
drainage of liquids on ground and in flight, without creating an objectionable
whistle, whine, or rush of air, and they also prevent loss of cabin air. These
valves are installed inside the respective galley or lavatory. VACUUM WASTE SYSTEM (VWS) (38-32)
The VWS (Vacuum Waste System) carries waste from the lavatories to the
The Vacuum Waste System includes toilets located in the lavatories. Thin- waste tank using vacuum pressure.
walled waste lines connect the toilets to a single waste tank whose usable
capacity is 95ℓ (25 gal.), located between the aft left lavatory and the
pressure bulkhead, above the cabin floor level. The VWS uses differential
pressure to transport waste. The differential pressure is generated either by a
vacuum generator at low altitudes, below 5486 m (18000 ft), or naturally by
the difference in pressure between the aircraft cabin and the outside air.
Electrical power is available directly from the aircraft GND (Ground) SVC
(Service) bus. The control circuit of the MSR (Motor Starting Relay) is
controlled by the WWSC (Water and Waste System Controller). This
configuration allows performing a toilet flush without having to energize the
entire aircraft.
WASTE DISPOSAL - MAIN COMPONENTS EFFECTIVITY: ACFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK


WASTE DISPOSAL - MAIN COMPONENTS EFFECTIVITY: ACFT WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK

OPERATION
The waste lines for transporting the waste are installed inside the The air that carried the waste into the waste tank then passes through a
pressurized, temperature-controlled environment of the fuselage and are water waste separator to remove traces of moisture and waste and then the
routed from the toilets to the vacuum system tank. Gray water hoses are air is exhausted through the aircraft exhaust plumbing, exiting to the aft of the
installed for the disposal of used water out of the lavatory and galley sinks. aft passenger door. A check valve is mounted in this exhaust line and serves
During a toilet flush cycle, the vacuum waste system uses a small amount of to prevent the backflow of air into the system when the vacuum generator is
pressurized water from the potable water system to rinse the toilet bowl and operating. The check valve allows full airflow when the vacuum generator is
aid in the evacuation of waste. During ground servicing, the waste tank is not used. The waste tank has sufficient “dead space” above the waste level
drained into a service truck through a drain valve, drain line, and service to assure that waste will not be expelled from the aircraft through the water
panel. A rinse line routed from the service panel to a rotating rinse nozzle separator and exhaust plumbing.
within the waste tank is used to supply rinsing fluid to the tank. Level sensors
are mounted on the waste tank. GRAY WATER DRAIN SYSTEM

VACUUM WASTE SYSTEM EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK
The vacuum generator is a 115/200 VAC, 400 Hz motor operated unit. It has
two compressor stages for maximum efficiency and rapid startup. The unit When a sink of the galley or lavatory is drained, the auto-drain valve opens.
incorporates a 28 VDC (Volt Direct Current) thermally protected orbital flush The gray water flows through the gray water hoses to the drain masts. The
valve to allow the transport of waste from the toilet to a remote vacuum drain masts lead the gray water away from the aircraft.
system tank. The toilet also has a 28 VDC solenoid rinse valve for introducing
potable water into the bowl for rinsing. The potable water supply is protected
from contamination. The sequencing of the operation of the toilet components
is controlled by an FCU (Flush Control Unit).
The waste is carried to the waste tank through tubing and enters the tank via
flow diverter that slows the waste down in order to minimize splashing and
turbulence in the waste tank. The vacuum waste tubing is installed in the
pressurized zone, under the cabin floor, attached at regular intervals with
padded saddle clamps attached to the floor beams. The waste line is
designed to minimize the number of bends to reduce the possibility of clogs,
thus preventing line blockages and associated maintenance actions. Periodic
cleaning of the waste lines with crushed ice and vinegar or chemical solution
is necessary to prevent build-up within the waste line, which could lead to
waste line clogs.
WASTE DISPOSAL – OPERATION EFFECTIVITY: ACFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK

OPERATION
GRAY WATER DRAIN SYSTEM
The sinks of the galleys and lavatories are connected via the auto-drain
valves to the gray-water ground valve. The gray water ground valve serves to
direct the flow of gray water to the drain port on ground and to the fwd drain
mast in-flight. When the gray water enters the auto-drain valves from the
sinks, the gray-water ground valve opens and the water drains through the
drain masts when in-flight. When operating on the ground, the gray water is
drained by gravity through the drain port or the drain mast.

WASTE DISPOSAL – OPERATION EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK

GRAY WATER - DRAIN SYSTEM (38-31)
INTRODUCTION GRAY WATER HOLDING TANK DRAIN SYSTEM
EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK EFFECTIVITY: AIRCRAFT WITH GRAY WATER HOLDING TANK
The gray-water drain system allows the gray water to drain from the galleys DRAINING IN FLIGHT
and lavatories to the aircraft drain masts. The gray-water drain system is In-flight drainage of the gray water system is commanded by the WWSC. The
made up of the following equipments: WWSC opens and leaves open the gray water drain valve two minutes after it
• Gray-water hoses; detects that the landing gear is up. The normal position for the valve is OPEN
during a flight. In flight, the auto-drain valve remains in a closed position until
• Auto-drain valves; there is a head of gray water at the inlet; the auto-drain valve then opens
• Drain mast; automatically in order to drain the used water.

• Gray water holding tank (if applicable to aircraft configuration)
DRAINING ON GROUND
GENERAL DESCRIPTION The gray water tank provides gray water collection and storage to avoid
spillage while the aircraft is parked at the aircraft runway. The gray water
drain valve drains gray water on ground when commanded from the fill/drain
EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK AND switch to drain position. When no differential pressure is applied (the aircraft
WITHOUT GRAY WATER HOLDING UNIT is on the ground), the valve drains and no residual water remains in the
valve. The valve remains open on ground.
The sinks of the galleys and lavatories are connected via the auto-drain
valves to the drain masts. Drain of the gray water is possible on the ground
during ground service or in flight via the drain masts. When gray water enters
the auto drain valves from the sinks, the valves open and the water is drained
through the drain masts.
Gray water auto drain valves are installed below the lavatories and galley
sinks. The valve drains the gray water through drain masts yet prevents the
loss of air through the empty and open sink. The design allows continuous
water drainage under small fluid heads and prevents back-flow. The valves
open at a maximum water head of 178 mm (7 inches). When no differential
pressure is applied, that is, when the aircraft is on the ground, the valve
drains gray water to drain masts and no residual water remains in the valve.
It is acceptable that the valve remains open on ground. In flight, the valve
remains in a closed position until there is a head of gray water at the inlet.
The valve then opens automatically in order to drain the used water.
GRAY WATER - DRAIN SYSTEM – OVERVIEW ON ACFT WITH AFT POTABLE, WITHOUT GRAY WATER HOLDING UNIT


GRAY WATER - DRAIN SYSTEM – OVERVIEW ON ACFT WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK, WITHOUT GRAY WATER HOLDING UNIT

COMPONENTS
GRAY WATER HOSES
Reinforced hoses above and below the floor are installed to carry the drain
water from the lavatory and the galley. In order to prevent clogs, the hoses
are installed at an angle as close to vertical as possible, with minimum
number of smooth bends.
AUTO DRAIN VALVES

The auto-drain valves are installed above the floor in the gray water lines
inside the respective galley and lavatory. The auto-drain valves allow for
drainage of liquids on the ground and in-flight without creating objectionable
whistle, whine or rush of air, and prevent loss of cabin air. The auto-drain
valves are normally in the closed position.

DRAIN MASTS
The drain masts contain a heater (AMM SDS 30-72-00/1). The drain masts
are dual port drain ports. One port is used to drain the potable water and the
other is used to drain the gray water. The construction of the drain masts
ensures proper segregation between the potable and serviced water.
GRAY WATER - DRAIN SYSTEM – OVERVIEW ON ACFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK

COMPONENTS
DRAIN MASTS
The drain masts contain a heater (AMM SDS 30-72-00/1). The aft drain mast
is dual port drain ports. One port is used to drain the potable water and the
other is used to drain the gray water. The construction of the drain masts
ensures proper segregation between the potable and serviced water. In the
forward drain mast one port is used to drain the gray water and another port
is plugged.
DRAIN PORT
The drain port is installed in the FWD fuselage. The drain port contains a
heater (AMM SDS 30-72-00/1). The drain port is used for drainage of potable
and gray water on the ground from FWD lavatory and galley and for in-flight

drainage of residual potable water when the in-flight drainage optional is
selected. The drain port has dual-ports. One port is used to drain the potable
water and the other is used to drain the gray water. The drain port contains a
flow detector to avoid noise generation from the drain tube during flight.
GRAY-WATER GROUND VALVE

The gray-water ground valve is used to direct the flow of gray water to the
drain port on the ground and to the FWD drain mast in flight. It is installed in
the FWD fuselage. This valve remains open when the aircraft is on the
ground and closed during flight.
The gray-water ground valve is operated by electrical signals from the VCU
(Valve Control Unit).
GRAY WATER - DRAIN SYSTEM - MAIN COMPONENTS

OPERATION
EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK AND
WITHOUT GRAY WATER HOLDING UNIT
When a sink of the galley or lavatory is drained, the auto-drain valve opens.
The gray water flows through the gray water hoses to the drain masts. The
drain masts lead the gray water away from the aircraft.
EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK
When a sink of the galley or lavatory is drained, the auto-drain valve opens.
The gray water flows through the gray water hoses to the drain masts or
drain port. The drain masts and drain port lead the gray water away from the

aircraft.
The gray-water ground valve is used to direct the flow of gray water to the
drain port on the ground and to the FWD drain mast in flight.
The WWSC opens and leaves open the following valves 2 minutes after it
detects that the landing gear is up. The valves are always closed while
landing gear is down except during the drain process.
• FWD GRAY WATER DRAIN valve (on optional system only)

• AFT GRAY WATER DRAIN valve (on optional system only)
The VCU commands the ground valve to open when the weight on wheels
signal becomes true. The ground valve will be commanded close by the VCU
180 seconds after the weight on wheels becomes false. The time delay was
introduced to ensure that the contents of the gray water tank are drained by
gravity through the drain port while still at low altitudes when cabin differential
pressure is low.
.
GRAY WATER - DRAIN SYSTEM - MAIN COMPONENTS ON ACFT WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK

VACUUM WASTE SYSTEM (VWS) (38-32) – INTRODUCTION
The VWS (Vacuum Waste System) carries waste from the lavatories to the
waste tank using vacuum pressure.
Vacuum waste system is made up of the following equipments:
• Vacuum Waste System Toilet Assemblies

• Vacuum Waste System Flush Switch
• Overboard Air Exhaust Line
• Waste Water Separator
• Vacuum Waste System Tank

• Vacuum Generator
• Waste Tank Rinse Nozzles
• Vacuum Waste System Check Valve
• Vacuum Waste System Tank Drain Valve
• Waste Tank Level Sensors
• Vacuum Waste System Service Panel Drain Valve
• Vacuum Waste System Drain Valve Control Cable
• Vacuum Waste System Rinse Nipple
• Vacuum Waste System Service Panel Switch
• Vacuum Waste System Drain Lines
• Vacuum Waste System Lines
• Vacuum Waste System Rinse Line
• Motor Starting Relay
GRAY WATER - DRAIN SYSTEM – OPERATION ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK AND WITHOUT GRAY WATER
HOLDING TANK

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The vacuum waste system allows for the transport of waste from the lavatory
toilets to an aft-mounted vacuum waste system tank. Vacuum waste lines are
installed in the pressurized zone under the cabin floor. The VWS uses
differential pressure to transport waste. The differential pressure is either
generated by a vacuum generator at low altitudes, below 5486 m (18000 ft),
or naturally by the difference in pressure between the aircraft cabin and the
outside air. The waste lines, vacuum waste system tank and waste drain line
are all designed and qualified to take into account the maximum pressure
differentials in order to ensure safe operation and prevent damage in flight.
The MSR (Motor Starting Relay) is used for control of the vacuum generator.
Electrical power for the vacuum generator is available directly from the

aircraft ground service bus. The control circuit of the motor starting relay is
controlled by the WWSC (Water and Waste System Controller). This
configuration allows the toilet to be flushed without energizing the complete
aircraft.
Waste-tank level sensors are installed on the vacuum waste system tank.
The waste-tank level sensors uses the WWSC to send a signal to the flight
attendant panel that servicing of the waste tank is required soon, “SERVICE
TANK“. The second level sensor sends a signal that the tank is full “TANK
FULL”. Once the aircraft has landed, the waste tank is drained through a
single waste service panel.
Gasket type heaters installed under the VWS service panel drain valve and
VWS rinse nipple prevents liquid from freezing in the lines (AMM SDS 30-74-
00/1).
VACUUM WASTE SYSTEM (VWS) - OVERVIEW

COMPONENTS
VACUUM WASTE SYSTEM TOILET ASSEMBLY The toilet assembly is provided in two configurations for left-hand and right-
The VWS toilet assembly consists of a solenoid rinse water valve and hand installations.
strainer, FCU (Flush Control Unit), flush ring, anti-siphon valve, and
supporting frame. The VWS toilet is securely mounted to the sealed lavatory floor pan. It
connects to the aircraft electrical supply through an electrical connector and
The toilet bowl is fabricated of stainless steel with a non-stick coating applied to the water supply with a compression type fitting on the rinse assembly.
to the inside surface. Mounted at the top rim of the bowl is the flush ring
assembly.
VACUUM WASTE SYSTEM LAVATORY FLUSH SWITCH
The flush ring assembly is fitted with spray nozzles and is mounted on the Toilet flushing is initiated by a passenger pushing the momentary contact
upper rim of the bowl. The inlet of the ring is connects to the anti-siphon type flush switch located inside the lavatory. The toilet FCU mounted on the
valve. toilet sequences the operation of the vacuum toilet and reports any faults

through the WWSC to the CMC (Central Maintenance Computer).
The anti-siphon valve is designed to prevent contamination of the aircraft
potable water supply by breaking contact of the fluid and providing an air gap
which prevents reverse flow from the bowl.
Rinse water is supplied to the anti-siphon valve by the rinse valve. The rinse
valve is a solenoid-controlled, self-contained unit. The valve incorporates a
screen and an integral water inlet for the aircraft interface.
The flush control unit (FCU) is a modular electronic assembly mounted on

the toilet support pedestal. A discrete logic circuit inside the FCU monitors
and controls operation of the toilet by timing and sequencing various
components during the flush cycle. The FCU is electrically connected to the
flush switch, rinse valve assembly and aircraft blower control module. A
maintenance switch mounted on the FCU permits operation of the flush valve
and blower operation of the flush valve and blower for ground maintenance.
A label on the FCU provides instructions for using the switch.
Each toilet assembly is self monitoring and outputs a signal if the flush valve
is obstructed.
The toilet rinse valve operates on 28 VDC (Volt Direct Current) power. The
toilet uses a 28 VDC orbital flush valve with dual face seals to prevent odors
from migrating into the cabin during shutdowns of the aircraft. This valve
contains switches at both open and closed positions to make sure that in the
open position, the valve is fully open with no obstruction into the waste
stream.
VACUUM WASTE SYSTEM (VWS) - BLOCK DIAGRAM

OVERBOARD AIR EXHAUST LINE
The overboard air exhaust lines, which connect to the waste water separator The tank will withstand steam cleaning and repeated vigorous scrubbing with
and vacuum generator, allow air to be expelled from the system. The exhaust any commonly used cleaning agent. It will also resist the impact loads
line extends from the VWS tank to the exterior of the aircraft. A check valve is caused by heavy solid objects that may be flushed into the waste system.
mounted in the exhaust line to prevent the backflow of air into the system The tank is constructed to withstand a proof pressure of 345 KPa (50 psig), a
when the vacuum generator is operating, but allows full airflow when the proof vacuum pressure of 87 KPa (12.6 psig), a burst pressure of 517 KPa
vacuum generator is not in use. (75 psig) and a collapsing vacuum differential pressure of 116 KPa (16.8
psig).
WASTE WATER SEPARATOR
The waste water separator, mounted on the waste tank, removes entrained VACUUM GENERATOR
moisture from the air stream which carries the waste into the waste tank. This The two-stage centrifugal flow vacuum generator, located above the VWS
ensures that no contamination is passed through the vacuum generator or tank, is powered by a 3-phase 115/200 VAC at 400 Hz from LICC (Left
exhausted from the aircraft through the vacuum exhaust plumbing. Integrated Control-Center). The vacuum generator runs for 10 seconds
during each flush cycle. This compact unit has compressor stages mounted

The waste water separator connects to the aircraft vent tubing with a beaded to a shaft. There are triple redundant, thermal switches are wired in series
end. It is composed of two separate subassemblies: the water separator is with the service panel door switch and motor starting relay through the
positioned within the waste holding tank and the filter housing is positioned WWSC. This inhibits power application to the vacuum generator if an
above the tank. This design permits easy removal of both pieces of the overheat condition exists. The aircraft itself provides additional protection
assembly within the limited space available above the waste tank. It also against over-current conditions. Mounting provisions for the vacuum
maximizes the useful tank capacity by minimizing the protrusion of the generator are provided on the aircraft structure, just above the VWS tank.
separator within the tank. The filter housing includes an internal mesh that The unit is attached to three vibration mounts that are in turn mounted to a
must be removed and cleaned during the maintenance intervals. rigid aircraft mount. The orientation of the unit is controlled to prevent
moisture accumulation in the unit.
The water separator has an orifice at the outlet to limit airflow. This feature
guards against contamination exhausted from the aircraft and limits the
airflow through the system, should the toilet flush valve fail in the open
position.
VACUUM WASTE SYSTEM TANK

The vacuum waste system tank is located between the aft left lavatory and
the pressure bulkhead, above the cabin floor level. The tank has a 95 ℓ (25
gal.) usable capacity. This capacity allows for a 5.5-hour flight at maximum
passenger loading with draining, rinsing and pre-charging performed after the
flight. Alternatively, for shorter flights, the tank can be serviced after every
other flight. The thin-walled welded tank is smooth and completely sealed on
the inside surface to prevent the escape of liquid waste or vapor to the
outside.
VACUUM WASTE SYSTEM (VWS) - MAIN COMPONENTS

VACUUM WASTE SYSTEM RINSE NOZZLE
The rotating VWS rinse nozzle, mounted on the waste tank, uses a machined VACUUM WASTE SYSTEM TANK DRAIN VALVE
spinning element that rotates when water pressure is applied from the The tank drain valve is bolted between the VWS tank flange and the drain
service cart. The self-cleaning nozzle is bolted to the waste tank and sealed line flange. Internally, the tank drain valve contains two seals, one on the inlet
with an O-ring. Once it is located on the top of the tank to achieve optimum and one on the outlet, to ensure that no waste products are allowed to leak
cleaning of the parts, preventing contamination. The spinning rinse nozzle from the waste tank. The inside flange of the tank drain valve is valve is
uses the principle of water bearing where water pressure acts as a lubricant contoured to prevent the accumulation of any residual liquid within the valve
between the rotating nozzle and its shaft, which allows free rotation of the after tank draining. The valve is mounted at an angle to prevent waste from
nozzle. The nozzle is designed to cleanse the tank inner walls, liquid level remaining in the valve after draining. The valve contains a handle, connected
sensors, flow diverter, and outside housing of the waste water separator. It is to the service panel by the VWS drain valve control cable.
also used to supply pre-charge fluid to the waste tank. The rinse nozzle has
an inlet for connection to the rinse hose assembly. WASTE-TANK LEVEL SENSOR
The two waste-tank level sensors, located on the VWS tank, detect liquid on
VACUUM WASTE SYSTEM CHECK VALVE

the sensing surface. This sensing surface is coated with a material that
The self-contained check valve, located in the overboard air exhaust line, prevents the buildup of waste. They are strategically located in the tank to
prevents backflow of ambient or vacuum exhaust air into the toilet system. It sense fluid that reaches a capacity of seventy-five percent. The seventy-five
contains dual flapper doors that allow only one way airflow. The check valve percent indication point is used to notify the crew that servicing will be
is installed parallel with the vacuum generator. It serves to bypass airflow required soon. The waste-tank level sensors are electrically connected to the
when the vacuum generator operation is not required at altitudes above 5486 WWSC to transmit a seventy-five percent or "FULL" signal. The LICC is
m (18000 ft). The check valve has a vacuum proof pressure of 87 KPa (12.6 powered by the aircraft 28 VDC power supply through the WWSC.
psig) and a positive proof pressure of 138 KPa (20 psig).
During toilet operation on the ground and at low altitudes, the air flows
through the vacuum generator to the overboard vent. At altitudes above
18000 ft (5486 m), the airflow bypasses the vacuum generator through the
check valve to the overboard vent. The check valve housing contains a
sealed double flapper assembly, with the flapper doors normally spring
loaded in the closed position to prevent internal leakage. The check valve
relies on the mating surface between the flappers and the valve housing to
create the seal.

VACUUM WASTE SYSTEM SERVICE PANEL DRAIN VALVE
The service panel drain valve, located on the waste service panel, is used to VACUUM WASTE SYSTEM SERVICE PANEL SWITCH
drain the vacuum waste system tank. The service panel drain valve is located The service panel switch, located on the service panel, signals the WWSC to
in the waste service panel. The service panel drain valve contains a lever inhibit operation of the waste system when the VWS service panel is opened.
lock cap that hooks onto the valve body. It remains closed by an over-center If the service panel door switch contacts are detected to be open while the
locking design. The cap remains open by gravitational force to allow easy WOW (Weight-on-Wheels) condition is true and the aircraft is not moving, the
connection of the drain line. The inboard end of the adapter contains a fitting WWSC disables all toilets FCU and prevents MSR operation. The
for attachment with the drain line that extends from the service panel to the electromechanical type service panel switch contains a spring-loaded plunger
vacuum waste system tank. that has a pre-travel of 1 mm (0.04 in) and a minimum over travel of 6 mm
(0.25 in). The contacts are closed when the service panel door is closed, to
VACUUM WASTE SYSTEM DRAIN VALVE CONTROL CABLE enable the system.
The drain valve control cable is used to translate the push/pull motion from a
handle mounted on the service panel to rotational movement of the tank drain
valve closure element. The control cable is flexible so that it can be routed in

a convenient way. It is supported along its length by P-clamps and is rigidly
mounted to a bracket near the drain valve handle to guarantee correct
alignment. A clevis on the control cable connects to the VWS tank drain
valve.
VACUUM WASTE SYSTEM RINSE NIPPLE

The rinse nipple, located on the waste service panel, connects to the rinse
hose and serves as an overboard connection to allow rinsing of the VWS
tank. The rinse nipple contains a lever lock cap that hooks onto the nipple
body and remains closed by an over-center locking design. The cap remains
open by gravity. The nipple is a different size from the water service panel
fill/drain nipple to prevent servicing errors. The inboard end of the adapter
contains a 19 mm (3/4 in) threaded fitting for attachment of the rinse hose.

WASTE SERVICING
WASTE DRAINING NOTE:
The waste tank draining procedure is described as follows: • Make sure that the waste tank is completely drained before you start to
supply the rinse fluid.
• Prepare the rinse solution as follows: • If you do not use the correct rinse pressure you will not clean the level
Put 44 - 46 ℓ (11.6 - 12.2 gal.) of water in a separate container and add one of sensors properly.
the germicidal deodorants that follow:
• Push drain cable handle to close ball valve (primary)
• For deodorant SANI-PAK POWDER SP77000 SERIES, add 44 - 46 g (1.5 • Pre-charge tank with 1.6 to 2.1 US Gallons (6 to 8 liters) of rinse fluid
- 1.6 oz) of germicidal deodorant. • Turn off rinse fluid supply
• For deodorant SANI-PAK LIQUID SP97000 SERIES, add 192 ml of • Disconnect drain and rinse hoses
germicidal deodorant. • Close drain valve cap and rinse nipple cap
• •

For MIRABOWL Q, add 1.092 kg (38.5 oz) of germicidal deodorant. Clean surface of panel to remove spillages
• Close and latch service panel door
NOTE: You can use only water to do the waste tank servicing, but we
recommend the use of a rinse solution. The rinse solution contains
surfactants that help clean the inner surface of the waste tank.
NOTE: For aircraft that operate at temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F), add to
the rinse solution an anti-ice product according to the AMS 1424 and AMS
1428.
• Open the drain valve cap and connect the drain hose (GSE 050 lavatory
dumping coupling)
NOTE: Contaminated water can stay between the waste drain valve and the
protective cap. Open carefully to prevent health problems.
• Open the rinse nipple cap and connect the rinse hose (GSE 050 lavatory
filling coupling)
• Push drain valve lever to open drain inner flapper (secondary drain)
NOTE: When you pull the drain control handle (2) a stiff condition can occur.
The maximum load for the drain control handle actuation should be
25.4 kgf (56 lbf).
• Pull drain cable handle to open ball valve (primary) to drain waste tank
• After waste tank has drained, start rinse fluid supply and rinse tank for two
minutes minimum. Start to supply the rinse fluid through the GSE 051 at a
pressure of 20 to 50 psi for 2 min or until a volume of 38 ℓ (10 gal.) is
used.

VACUUM WASTE SYSTEM DRAIN LINES
The VWS drain line extending from the VWS tank to the service panel is
constructed of three separate tube segments. It slopes downward and
forward of the VWS tank to meet with the service panel for through draining
and minimum drain line weight. The drain line connects to an adapter
mounted on the VWS tank drain valve with a clamshell type connection and
to the VWS service panel. Padded clamps support it along its length.
VACUUM WASTE SYSTEM LINES

The VWS lines are preformed sections of tubing used to transport waste from
the vacuum toilets to the waste tank. The lines are routed under the cabin
floor in the most direct path possible to reduce the chance of waste blockage.
The VWS lines are made of straight sections that use a thicker wall than
curved sections due to the thinning of the tubing when bent. Each tube is

outfitted with an O-ring ferrule on both ends, and the tube sections are
interconnected with clamshell-type couplings, which allow for quick assembly
and disassembly of the piping system.
VACUUM WASTE SYSTEM RINSE LINE

The VWS rinse line, located between the VWS tank and VWS service panel,
transports rinse fluid from the VWS service panel rinse nipple to the VWS
tank rinse nozzle. The rinse line is clamped to support brackets on the
aircraft structure using P-clamps.

MOTOR STARTING RELAY
The motor starting relay, located under the cabin floor in the middle of the
fuselage, is used for control of the vacuum generator and to supply 115/200,
3-phase VAC electrical power. The hermetically sealed motor starting relay
uses a 28 VDC control circuit, actuated by the WWSC when the aircraft
altitude is below 18000 ft (5486 m). A secondary 28 VDC contact is
monitored by the WWSC to determine whether the motor starting relay has
failed in the closed position. Mounting provisions for the motor starting relay
are provided in the center avionics compartment. The unit is mounted within
a dedicated gasket enclosure with pass-through for the aircraft wiring.


OPERATION
The toilet flushes when a passenger pushes the flush switch. The toilet FCU, GROUND SERVICING
mounted on the toilet, times and sequences the operation of the vacuum VWS tank draining is performed by a ground service technician. Draining
toilet in the following order: starts when the waste system service panel is opened. A switch on the
service panel inhibits system operation when the door is open. This
• When the flush switch is pushed, approximately 0.2 ℓ (7.1 oz) of water is eliminates the potential spillage of waste on ground service personnel or
unintended operation of the vacuum generator. The service panel drain valve
introduced into the toilet bowl through the rinse valve. This will rinse the and drain valve control cable handle connect to the waste tank drain valve
bowl and aid in waste evacuation. located at the outlet of the waste holding tank. Service cart drain and rinse
hoses are connected to the service panel equipment and both the service
panel drain valve and under waste tank drain valve are opened to drain the
• If the aircraft is below 5486 m (18000 ft), the WWSC powers the motor waste tank. The service panel drain valve is controlled by a lever, mounted
starting relay to operate the vacuum generator. This creates a pressure on the valve. The under tank drain valve is controlled by a cable that has a

differential that transports the waste to the VWS tank. At higher altitudes, handle mounted on the service panel. Once the tank is fully drained, rinsing
the differential pressure between the cabin and ambient is sufficient to fluid is introduced into the tank from the service panel through the rinse hose
transport the waste. and to a rotating rinse nozzle within the waste tank. After the tank is cleaned,
the service cart equipment is disconnected, the service panel valves are put
in their closed positions, and the service panel door is closed thereby
• As the rinse valve closes, the toilet flush valve is opened for four seconds actuating the service panel switch and enabling the vacuum waste system.
and waste is evacuated to the VWS tank.
Two ultrasonic point level sensors failure are monitored through continuing
WWSC BIT (Built-in Test) input. One level sensor is mounted at the 75%
• Ten seconds after the flush switch is pressed, the vacuum generator is level and is used to inform the crew members through the WWSC to the FAP
disabled (if at low altitude) and the toilet is ready to be flushed again. (Flight Attendant Panel) that servicing of the waste tank is required soon. The
second level sensor is mounted at the tank “FULL” level. This sensor is used
The air that carries the waste into the VWS tank passes through a waste to signal to the WWSC that the waste tank is full, which then causes the
water separator to remove traces of moisture and waste. This air is then WWSC to disable the vacuum toilets and the MSR and turn on the TANK
forced through the aircraft exhaust plumbing and exits through the aircraft FULL indication at the FAP. If the “FULL” level sensor is faulty, control logic
skin. A check valve is mounted in this exhaust line to prevent the backflow of within the WWSC automatically shifts the “FULL” indication to the 75% level
air into the system when the vacuum generator is operating and allows full sensor.
airflow when the vacuum generator is not in use. The waste tank has a
sufficient amount of empty space above the maximum waste level to ensure
that waste will not be expelled through the exhaust plumbing.

ABNORMAL OPERATION
CLOG IN THE TOILET
In case of a clog in the toilet outlet the toilet may be cleared on the ground by
a service technician. The toilet outlet is designed to be the smallest diameter
passage so that any objects that pass the toilet will travel all the way to the
waste tank and so that any item that could possibly become trapped in the
waste line will be easy to access at the toilet bowl. The toilet also includes a
maintenance switch that places the flush valve in the open position when
pressed and will operate the vacuum generator for 10 seconds when pressed
again and held for 2 seconds. This feature also allows easy manual removal
of any clogged object by holding the flush valve open. If manual clearing is
not possible, operating the vacuum generator will assist in clearing of the
waste lines of obstructions.

VACUUM WASTE SYSTEM TANK BECOMES FULL
If the vacuum waste system tank becomes full, a waste-tank level sensor
notifies the WWSC to disable the toilets, preventing further flushing and over-
filling of the waste tank.
TOILET RINSE VALVE WATER LEAK

In case of a toilet rinse valve water leak as may be caused by excessive
mineral deposits or other contamination, the lavatory water system may be
isolated by means of the manual shut-off valve supplied with the water
system within the lavatory compartment. The valve is clearly placarded and
readily accessible by the flight attendant without the use of tools.

AIR SUPPLY (38-40)
INTRODUCTION EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK
EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK The potable water system is pressurized by bleed air coming from the APU
or the main engines or the air compressor. The air is introduced via an air
The bleed air pressure is used as the primary pressure source of the system. manifold into the water tank to provide regulated pressurized potable water.
The potable water system is pressurized by bleed air coming from the APU
(Auxiliary Power Unit) or main engines. The air is routed forward through the fuselage and connects to the air
manifold in the forward fuselage section. The air manifold includes a shuttle
GENERAL DESCRIPTION valve, regulator, air filter, check valve and pressure relief valve. The air
The air is routed aft through the fuselage and connects to the air manifold in manifold regulates the incoming air pressure to the working pressure level.
the aft section. The air is introduced via an air manifold into the potable water The bleed air supply is connected to the shuttle valve. The air compressor
tank to provide regulated pressurized potable water. The air manifold has the overheat protection.

includes a shuttle valve, regulator, air filter, check valve and pressure relief The air compressor is provided to improve the pressure stability of the
valve. The bleed air supply is connected to the shuttle valve. The bleed air is system when bleed air pressure is insufficient. The air compressor cycling is
filtered and regulated to the system operating pressure of 36 to 41 psig. controlled by the VCU (Valve Control Unit) based on the signal from the
Alternately, as an optional feature, an air compressor is used to pressurize pressure switch that is directly mounted to the water tank.
the water system. In case the A/C is on the ground with the engines or APU The vent valve is installed in the overflow line to allow proper venting of the
not running, or if the bleed air pressure is below the optimal range during tank and avoid a buildup of vacuum during the gravity drainage when
flight, the pressure switch mounted to the water tank signals the WWSC, operating on ground in the HOT BUS mode.
which activates the compressor to achieve the required water system
pressure.
TRAINING INFORMATION POINTS
SNL 170-38-0008
190-38-0009
NOTE:
Because of water tank pressurization and water displacement from the tank
to the water lines, it is possible for the level indication to drop from 1 to ¾
immediately after servicing.
VACUUM WASTE SYSTEM (VWS) - OPERATION

COMPONENTS
AIR MANIFOLD PRESSURE SWITCH
The air manifold is installed in the compressed air line to regulate the
compressed air supply to the potable water system. The air manifold contains EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT WITH AIR COMPRESSOR
a relief valve, a pressure regulator, an air filter, a non-return valve and a
shuttle valve. All functions are combined in one housing so only two inlet The pressure switch is mounted on the top of the water tank. The pressure
ports and one outlet port have to be connected to the aircraft. One inlet is switch monitors the pressure inside the tank. It gives a signal to the WWSC
connected to the bleed air system line and if applicable to the aircraft (Water and Waste System Controller), when the pressure decreases to
configuration the other inlet line can be connected to the compressor below the required pressure.
assembly. The pressure switch has a membrane to monitor the difference between the
cabin pressure and the tank pressure.
SHUTTLE FUNCTION If the compressor is not installed, the pressure switch port on top of tank
Two inlet ports are connected to the air manifold: One to the bleed air from flange, where the pressure switch is threaded, is capped by a plug.

the engines/APU and the other to the compressor. When air pressure is
applied to any one of the inlet ports, the valve closes the inlet port with the
lower pressure. The shuttle valve opens at a maximum pressure of 2 psig.
NON-RETURN (CHECK) FUNCTION

A check valve is used in the line between the air filter and regulator. The
check valve makes sure that the compressed air flows only in the direction of
the water tank. This valve opens as soon as the pressure of the inlet exceeds
the outlet pressure by 1.5 psig. When the differential pressure drops below
this value, the valve closes to prevent water from entering the compressed air
system.
PRESSURE REGULATING
At an inlet pressure of 44 to 59.4 psig the pressure is regulated between 36
psig and 41 psig to the cabin pressure. The maximum short-term bleed air
pressure that the manifold can withstand is 250 psig.
AIR HOSES
Air hoses are installed to supply the pressurized air. The air hoses are
clamped to support brackets on the aircraft structure.
AIR SUPPLY - OVERVIEW

COMPONENTS
PRESSURE SWITCH
EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT WITH AIR COMPRESSOR
The pressure switch is mounted on the top of the water tank. The pressure
switch monitors the pressure inside the tank. It gives a signal to the VCU for
Embraer 195, when the pressure decreases to below the required pressure.
The pressure switch has a membrane to monitor the difference between the
cabin pressure and the tank pressure.

AIR COMPRESSOR

The air compressor is connected to the potable water tank via the air
manifold. For the on-ground drainage, the compressor pressurizes the water
line and drains the water through the service panel. The air compressor is
energized during ground servicing to allow the drainage in the aft section at
the service panel. Pressurized drainage is not enabled in the HOT BUS
mode. In this mode, all valves open and the potable water is drained on the
ground by gravity through the forward drain port, the aft drain mast, and the
fill/drain nipple. The compressor is activated by the VCU when water tank
pressure switch indicates low pressure, except when the fill or drain signal is
active while the aircraft is parked on the ground.

VENT VALVE
The vent valve is added in the overflow line. This valve is installed to allow
proper venting of the water tank.
AIR SUPPLY - MAIN COMPONENTS – ON ACFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK AND WITHOUT AIR COMPRESSOR

OPERATION
PRESSURIZATION ON GROUND/FLIGHT The air compressor can operate continuously when required. Power for the
pump is supplied by a self-contained 0.4 horsepower, three-phase, 400 Hz,
Regulated bleed air is supplied from the APU or the main engines via the air 115/200 V motor. The air filter removes impurities from the compressed air
manifold to the potable water tank. The air pressure forces the water from the before entering the potable water tank. The air compressor is deenergized
potable water tank through the water hoses to the different outlets. The air during ground servicing to avoid unnecessary cycling.
manifold regulates the air pressure.
The WWCS will disable the compressor under the following conditions:
The individual functions of the air manifold are the following:
• Service panel switch is in FILL or DRAIN position, AND;
• Relief function • Weight on wheels condition is TRUE, AND
• Pressure regulating • Aircraft speed not greater than 4 kts

• Filtration
• Shuttle function AIR COMPRESSOR ABNORMAL OPERATION
Air compressor or pressure switch abnormal operation is detected if the
• Non-return function pressure switch does not indicate pressure within 32 minutes. This condition
can also be the result of a leak. The FAP (Flight Attendant Panel) water fault
The air filter removes impurities from the compressed air before entering the indication light will be illuminated. The abnormal operation message is
potable water tank. A check valve prevents water from entering the air lines. displayed on the CMC (Central Maintenance Computer).
An air pressure relief function is integral part of the air manifold and prevents
overpressure in the water system. The air compressor will be inhibited if the Fill/Drain valve fails to OPEN. The
FAP water fault indication light will be illuminated (blinking. The abnormal
AIR COMPRESSOR operation message is displayed on the CMC.
EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT WITH AIR COMPRESSOR Motor overheat protection is provided so that excessive temperatures will not
occur. When the coil has cooled sufficiently, the device is reset and the motor
The air compressor is provided to improve the pressure stability of the is re-energized.
system when bleed air pressure is insufficient. The air compressor cycling is
controlled by the WWCS, based on the signal from the pressure switch that is The compressor does not require any lubrication maintenance of the
directly mounted to the water tank. The compressor is switched on if the bearings or cylinder bore.
bleed air pressure is too low. The low pressure set point is 35 ±1 psig and the
high pressure set point is 38 ±1 psig. The compressor supply line is
connected to the second port of the shuttle valve.
The compressor is activated by the pressure switch via the WWCS.
AIR SUPPLY - MAIN COMPONENTS – ON ACFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK AND AIR COMPRESSOR

OPERATION
EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK AIR COMPRESSOR ABNORMAL OPERATION
Air compressor or pressure switch abnormal operation is detected if the
AIR COMPRESSOR pressure switch does not indicate pressure within 32 minutes. This condition
can also be the result of a leak. The FAP (Flight Attendant Panel) water fault
EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT WITH AIR COMPRESSOR AIR COMPRESSOR indication light and VCU for the EMB 195 fault indication light will be
OPERATION illuminated. The abnormal operation message is displayed on the CMC
(Central Maintenance Computer).
The VCU activates the air compressor when water tank pressure switch
indicates low pressure except when the FILL signal is active while the aircraft The air compressor will be inhibited if the Fill/Drain valve fails to OPEN. The
is parked on the ground. FAP water fault indication light will be illuminated (blinking) and for the EMB
The compressor is also commanded ON by the VCU during the pressurized 195 the VCU fault indication light will be illuminated. A faulty Fill/Drain valve
drainage has been detected by the VCU. The abnormal operation message is

displayed on the CMC.
The air compressor is provided to improve the pressure stability of the
system when bleed air pressure is insufficient. The air compressor cycling is
controlled by VCU on EMB 195, based on the signal from the pressure switch Motor overheat protection is provided so that excessive temperatures will not
that is directly mounted to the water tank. The compressor is switched on if occur. When the coil has cooled sufficiently, the device is reset and the motor
the bleed air pressure is too low. The low pressure set point is 35 ±1 psig and is re-energized.
the high pressure set point is 38 ±1 psig. The compressor supply line is
connected to the second port of the shuttle valve. The compressor does not require any lubrication maintenance of the
bearings or cylinder bore.
The compressor is activated by the pressure switch via the VCU for the EMB
195.
The air compressor can operate continuously when required. Power for the
pump is supplied by a self-contained 0.4 horsepower, three-phase, 400 Hz,
115/200 V motor. The air filter removes impurities from the compressed air
before entering the potable water tank. The air compressor is deenergized
during ground servicing to avoid unnecessary cycling.
The VCU for EMB 195 will disable the compressor under the following
conditions:
• Service panel switch is in FILL or DRAIN position, AND;

• Weight on wheels condition is TRUE, AND
• Aircraft speed not greater than 4 kts
AIR SUPPLY - OPERATION – ON ACFT WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK


EMBRAER
Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica S.A.
Customer Training
Phone: +55 (12) 3927-5827
Fax: +55 (12) 3927-7535
http://www.embraer.com.br
E-mail:Copyright 2015 by EMBRAER – Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica S.A. All rights reserved. This document shall not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part, In any form or by any means without the express written Authorization of Embraer.
training@embraer.com.br

Maintenance Training Manual: EMBRAER ERJ-190 / 195 (GE CF34)

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Maintenance Training Manual: EMBRAER ERJ-190 / 195 (GE CF34)

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Maintenance Training Manual

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EMBRAER ERJ-190 / 195 (GE CF34)

Developed for Training Purposes Only

Developed for Training Purposes Only

Developed for Training Purposes Only

Developed for Training Purposes Only

Developed for Training Purposes Only

A system controller (WWSC- Water and Waste System Controlller_operates

Developed for Training Purposes Only

EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK

Developed for Training Purposes Only

A system controller (WWSC- Water and Waste System Controlller) and

Developed for Training Purposes Only

• POTABLE WATER (AMM SDS 38-10-00/1)

• WASTE DISPOSAL (AMM SDS 38-30-00/1)

• AIR SUPPLY (AMM SDS 38-40-00/1)

• WWSC (Water and Waste System Controller) (AMM MPP 38-00-01/401)

Developed for Training Purposes Only

EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK

• VCU (Valve Control Unit) (AMM MPP 38-00-02/401)

EFFECTIVITY: AIRCRAFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK AND

EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK

Developed for Training Purposes Only

EFFECTIVITY:ON ACFT BEM 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK

WASTE DISPOSAL (38-30)

Developed for Training Purposes Only

AIR SUPPLY (38-40)

Developed for Training Purposes Only

Developed for Training Purposes Only

Developed for Training Purposes Only

Developed for Training Purposes Only

The WWSC controls and performs the following functions:

• System fill/drain process.

WATER WASTE SYSTEM CONTROLLER

EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK

The WWSC is a microprocessor-based electronic module that interfaces with .

Developed for Training Purposes Only

Developed for Training Purposes Only

EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT EMB 195 WITH FWD POTABLE WATER TANK

The VCU controls and performs the following functions:

• The System fill process*

Developed for Training Purposes Only

Developed for Training Purposes Only

Developed for Training Purposes Only

Developed for Training Purposes Only

Developed for Training Purposes Only

Developed for Training Purposes Only

Developed for Training Purposes Only

Developed for Training Purposes Only

Developed for Training Purposes Only

Developed for Training Purposes Only

Developed for Training Purposes Only

The potable water subsystem includes components and equipment to store

Developed for Training Purposes Only

Developed for Training Purposes Only

Developed for Training Purposes Only

A self-regulating water heater if applicable is installed at the lavatories to

EFFECTIVITY: ON ACFT WITH AFT POTABLE WATER TANK

Operation and monitoring is made by one system controller, WWSC (Water

Developed for Training Purposes Only

WATER HEATER SYSTEM (38-12)

Developed for Training Purposes Only