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Mensuration Tricks, Formulas, Examples &
Explanation:- Mensuration is the skill of measuring the length of lines,
areas of surfaces, and volumes of solids from simple data of lines and
angles. Mensuration in its literal meaning is to measure. It is generally
used where geometrical figures are concerned, where one has to
determine various physical quantities such as perimeter, area, volume or
length. Measuring these quantities is called Mensuration.
Perimeter: A perimeter is a path that surrounds an area. The term
may be used either for the path or its length – it can be thought of as
the length of the outline of a shape. The perimeter of a circular area is
called its circumference. It is measured in cm, m, etc.
Area: Area is a quantity that expresses the extent of a two-
dimensional surface or shape in the plane. Area can be understood as
the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary
to fashion a model of the shape, or the amount of paint necessary to
cover the surface with a single coat. This is measured in square unit
like cm², m², etc.
Volume: Volume is the amount of space enclosed by a shape or
object, how much 3-dimensional space (length, width, and height) it
occupies. This is measured in cubic unit like cm³, m³, etc.
Basic Conversions
Units related to area
1 Hactare = 10000 metre square
1 kilometre square = 1000000 metre square
1 Decametre = 100 metre square
1 Decimeter square = 1/100 metre square
1 Centimeter square = 1/10000 metre square
1 Milimeter square = 1/000000 metre square
Units related to volume
1 litre = 1000 cm³
1 Hectometer³ = 10000 meter³
1 Decameter³ = 100 meter³
1 Meter³ = 1000000 cm³
1 Decimeter³ = 100 cm³
1 Milimeter³ = 1/100 cm³
Two Dimensional Figures
Triangle
Perimeter (P) = a + b + c
Area (A)
where
Perimeter = 3a
s – a = 120 – 50 = 70 m
s – b = 120 – 78 = 42 m
s – c = 120 – 112 = 8 m
∴ Perpendicular
Rectangle
Diagonal =
∴ 720 = 9x × 5x
or x² = 16
⇒x=4
Thus, length = 9 × 4 = 36 m
and breadth = 5 × 4 = 20 m
Area = (side) ²
Perimeter = 4 × side
Diagonal = × side
and AB
Also, AO
∴ BO = 24 cm
Solution: Area
Trapezium
Perimeter = a + b + m + n
Solution: Since,
⇒ 5100 ⇒ 170 = 40 + x
Area = π × (Radus) ²
Circumference = 2π × Radius
Radius =
π or 3.14
or
or r² =
∴ r = = 35 metre
= 2πr = = 264 cm
= = 10000
Semicircle
Perimeter = πr + 2r Area
Sector of a Circle
Area of sector
Perimeter of segment
=
∴
Area of sector
=
=
Ring
Area of ring
⇒
∴ Area of garden
sq. m
= 161 + 3.5 m
sqm.
Hence, cost
= Rs. 1145.76
Three Dimensional Figures
Cuboid
A cuboid is a three dimensional box.
If L, B and H are length, breadth and height of the cuboid, then Volume =
L×B×H
Surface area = 2 (L × B + B × H + H + L)
Diagonal =
Cube
A cube is a cuboid which has all its edges equal.
Diagonal of cube
=
Right Prism
A prism is a solid which can have any polygon at both its ends.
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= 200
Pyramid
A pyramid is a solid which can have any polygon at its base and its edges
converge to single apex.
Lateral or curved surface area= 1/2 (perimeter of base) × slant height
= 400 cu.cm.
Sphere
It is a solid in the form of a ball with radius r.
Volume =
Volume =
Vertical height = ℓ =
Example 13: A frustum of a right circular cone has a diameter of
base 10 cm, top of 6 cm, and a height of 5 cm; find the area of its
whole surface and volume.
Solution: Here r¹ = 5 cm, r² = 3 cm and h = 5 cm.
∴ cm = 5.385 cm
= 242.25 sq.cm.
where
Volume
Example 14: The height of a bucket is 45 cm. The radii of the two
circular ends are 28 cm and 7 cm, respectively. The volume of the
bucket is :
1. 38610 cm³
2. 48600 cm³
3. 48510 cm³
4. None of these
Solution : (3): Here r¹ = 7 cm, r² = 28 cm and h = 45 cm
= 48510 cm³
Area of Pathways
Running across the middle of a rectangle
Pathways inside
b → breadth