 Current is the flow of electrons.

 SI unit is A(Ampere)
 1 Ampere = 1 Coulomb
 Symbol = I
V Q
 I= /
R t
 Charge is a characteristic of a unit of matter of having few or more electrons.
 SI unit is C(Coulomb)
 Symbol= Q
 Q=n × ⅇ
 n= number of electrons
 e= electron charge
 Voltage is a quantitative expression of the potential difference between two points in an
electrical.
 SI unit is V(Volts)
 V= I × R
 Resistance is the opposition that a substance offers to a flow of current
 SI unit is Ω(ohm)
 Symbol = R
V ρL
 R= /
I A
 Resistance also depends on certain factors like length and area of the cross-section of the
wire. The factor in resistance which takes into account the nature of the material is
resistivity.
 It is represented by Greek letter rho ρ
 Factors affecting Resistance
1. Area- As area increases, the collision decreases
1
hence resistance decreases. R ∝
A

2. Length- As length increases, the collision increases as there are more particles
hence Resistance increases. R ∝ L

 Series circuit- The resistance is the same so is the current. But the voltage differs. R= R 1 + R2
I= I1+ I2 1/ V= 1/V1 + 1/V2
 Parallel circuit- The current and the voltage are similar but the resistance differs
1/R=1/R1+1/R2
 OHM’S LAW
 At a constant temperature, voltage across a conducting wire is directly proportional to
current R= V/I
 1 Ω = 1V/1A
 Induction – Charging of an uncharged body with a charged body without actually bringing
the surfaces in contact with each other.
 Conduction- Charging of an uncharged body when in contact with a charged body.
