Energy Auditing (Lecture No.

1)

Dr. Haris Anwaar

University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore
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 Contents of Energy Audit

 Introduction to Energy Audit

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 Energy Scenario
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 Energy Security
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 Energy Conservation and Its Importance
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 Basics of Energy
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 Energy Audit: Types and Methodology
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 Contents of Energy Audit

 Fuel Costs and Energy Management

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 Energy Audit Instruments
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 Material and Energy Balance
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 Energy Action Planning
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 Energy Auditing and Financial Management
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 Energy Auditing and Project Management
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 Contents of Energy Audit

 Energy Monitoring and Targeting

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 Energy Auditing and Environment Concerns

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 Lecture No. 1

Introduction to Energy

AuditEnergy

ScenarioEnergy Security

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 Energy Auditing

The verification, monitoring and analysis of use of

energy including submission of technical report

containing recommendations for improving energy

efficiency with cost benefit analysis and an action

plan to reduce energy consumption.

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 Need for Energy Audit

 Reduction of Expenses
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 Reduction of Energy Consumption
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 Increment of Production
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 Fulfill the ISO Standards
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 Reduction of Labor
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 To make Technically and economically feasible
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 Energy Scenario

Energy Scenario basically deals with the different

types and sources of energy and their role in the
economy. Energy is one of the major inputs for
the economic development of any country. In the
case of the developing countries, the energy
sector assumes a critical importance in view of
the ever-increasing energy needs requiring huge
investments to meet them.
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 Several Types of Energy

 Primary and Secondary Energy

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
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 Commercial and Non-Commercial Energy

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 Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy

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 Primary and Secondary Energy

Primary energy sources are those that are either

found or stored in nature. Common primary
energy resources are coal, oil, natural gas and
biomass. Primary energy sources are mostly
converted in industrial utilities in secondary energy
sources. For example, coal or oil get converted
into secondary energy sources that are steam or
further electricity.
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 Commercial Energy

The energy sources that are available in the market for

a definite price are known as commercial energy. By far
the most important forms of commercial energy are
electricity, coal and refined petroleum products.
Commercial energy forms the basis of industrial,
agricultural, transport and commercial development in
the modern world.

Examples: Electricity, coal, oil, natural gas etc.

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 Non-Commercial Energy

The energy sources that are not available in the

commercial market for a price are classified as non-
commercial energy.

Example: agro waste in rural areas; solar energy for

water heating, lifting water for irrigation, crushing
sugarcane; wind energy for lifting water and
electricity generation.
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 Renewable Energy

Renewable energy is energy obtained from sources

that are essentially Inexhaustible. Examples of
renewable resources include wind power, solar
power, geothermal energy, tidal power and

Hydroelectric power. The most important feature of

renewable energy is that it can be harnessed
without the release of harmful pollutants.

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 Non-renewable Energy

Non-renewable energy is the conventional

fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas, which are
likely to deplete with time. The renewable
energy sources effects the environment with
the harmful pollutants.

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Renewable and Non-renewable Energy

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Global Primary Energy Reserves

Coal

Oil

Gas

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 Coal

The proven global coal reserve was estimated

to be 9,84,453 million tones by end of
2003. The USA had the largest share of
the global reserve (25.4%) followed by
Russia (15.9%), China (11.6%). India was 4th
in the list with 8.6%.

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 Oil

The global proven oil reserve was estimated to

be 1147 billion barrels by the end of 2003.
Saudi Arabia had the largest share of the
reserve with almost 23%. (One barrel of oil is
approximately 160 liters)

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 Gas

The global proven gas reserve was estimated

to be 176 trillion cubic meters by the end of
2003. The Russian Federation had the largest
share of the reserve with almost 27%.

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Global Primary Energy Consumption

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Global Primary Energy Consumption

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Energy Distribution

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 Energy Needs of Growing Economy

Economic growth is desirable for developing

countries, and energy is essential for economic
growth. However, the relationship between
economic growth and increased energy demand is
not always a straightforward linear one. For
example, under present conditions, 6% increase
in India's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) would
impose an increased demand of 9 % on its
energy sector.
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 Energy Needs of Growing Economy

In this context, the ratio of energy demand to

GDP is a useful indicator. A high ratio reflects
energy dependence and a strong influence of
energy on GDP growth. The developed countries,
by focusing on energy efficiency and lower
energy-intensive routes, maintain their energy
to GDP ratios at values of less than 1. The
ratios for developing countries are much higher.
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India Growing Economy Plan

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Pakistan Growing Economy Plan

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Pakistan Growing Economy Plan

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Pakistan Growing Economy Plan

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Pakistan Growing Economy Plan (Short)

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Pakistan Growing Economy Plan (Medium)

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Pakistan Growing Economy Plan (Long)

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Pakistan Growing Economy Plan (Solar)

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 Energy Security

The basic aim of energy security for a nation is

to reduce its dependency on the imported
energy sources for its economic growth. Imports
of oil and coal have been increasing at rates of
7% and 16% per annum respectively. The
dependence on energy imports is projected to
increase in the future. And it will directly
effect the energy security which is enough to
decrease GDP.
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 Strategies for Energy Security

 Building Stockpiles

 Saving of Energy Supply Sources
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 Demand Restraint
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 Development of Renewable Energy Resources
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 Energy Efficiency
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 Sustainable Development
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