Population and Resources

How can we link

economic
activity with
energy?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QsBT5EQt348
 Population growth

 There have been three different views regarding the

relationship between population growth, development and
resources. With all three, the focus is on food.

Activity
 Use Page 113 of your textbook to sketch Malthus, Boserup
and Club of Rome views.
 Summarise each of their viewpoints.
 Gaining Balance

Overpopulation – If the population number exceeds

resources then this = an unsustainable situation.
Underpopulation – If the resources available
exceeds population = a very rare situation.
Optimum population – Population and resources are
in a balance which is sustainable.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CLYfGMl4X_g
How can we achieve balance?

 Control Population Growth – Family planning

 Reduceour own consumption by using
resources efficiently and reducing our
waste.
 Usetechnology to discover and exploit new
resources.
 Rising Energy Demand

 Primary Energy – Fuels that provide us with energy without undergoing any
conversion processes eg Coal, Oil and Natural Gas.
 Secondary Energy – Includes Electricity and petrol which are made from the
processing of primary fuels.
 Energy sources such as fossil fuels are classified as Non-Renewable. Once used, they
cannot be replaced.
 Newer and alternative energy sources such as wind, solar and tidal are classified as
Renewable. These are non-exhaustive which means they can be used again and again.
These will play a role in a sustainable future.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90J0Gl-5ggs
Energy Consumption

The amount of energy a country uses is widely

used as a indicator of development. As a country
develops, energy consuming activities such as
manufacturing of goods, provision of services
and transport increase.

Europe and North America use 70% of the

world’s energy despite only 20% of the world
population live there. This is due to these areas
being the first to experience large economic
development.
 Production vs Consumption Can anyone
suggest reasons
for this?
 Looking at the maps on Page 116 , we can see that there is a low level
of energy over much of SA, Africa and South East Asia.

Comparing the two maps we can attribute low level of energy of the aforementioned
places as it reflects the relatively low level of economic activity. Also these regions
enjoy warmer climates and therefore little energy for heat is required. In comparison,
the major producers of non-renewable energy are USA, Canada, Western Europe,
Russia, parts of the Middle east, Australia and New Zealand. These areas have high
reserves of one or more of these sources: Coal, Oil and Gas. We can also identify that
the world’s main consumers are also the main producers.

Countries with low level of energy consumption have low energy production.
Countries with high level of energy consumption have high energy production.
= Two ‘Energy worlds’.
 What does it mean to
Energy Security have energy security?

Energy Security = When a country is able to meet all energy needs, preferably
within its own borders.

Most countries face an energy gap between

demand and supply. In these countries, the
rising demand can only be met by importing
energy.

It is becoming cheaper to import energy eg

the UK has coal deposits but costs less to
import. As a result, the energy gap is
widening and leaving UK less secure.
 Why do we need
Need to reduce Carbon Emissions to reduce carbon
emissions?

 The energy gap is being widened by the phasing out of fossil

fuels as a way of reducing carbon emissions.
 There is a critical need to reduce carbon emission given their link
with global warming.
 The world’s immediate energy problem is the growing mismatch
between energy distribution, consumption and production.
 This mismatch is not just created by national energy gaps, but
also countries energy surpluses. These surpluses give countries
huge geopolitical and economic power over other countries.
 Renewable v Non – Renewable

 Non Renewable = Finite resource. Once they are used

up they cannot be replaced. These include major You must be able to
give examples of
fossil fuels eg Coal, Oil and Gas. each as well as
 Renewable = Normally cheaper than non-renewable Advantages and
Disadvantages.
and are a cleaner source of energy. Examples are
wind, solar and hydro. They can also be referred to These are on Pages
as Alternative sources of energy. 118-121 of textbook.
Sustainable Energy What is meant by
Sustainable energy?

 Energy must be
used sparingly with
the utmost
efficiency.
 Non-Renewable
sources are finite
and must be
conserved.
 Can you think of
Reducing our Carbon Footprint ways we would
reduce our carbon
footprint?

 Walk/Cycle instead of using cars.

 Insulation in homes and businesses to reduce heat loss. It is costly in
the short term but more energy efficient in the long term.
 Do not run dishwasher or washing machine unless it is full.
 Ensuring you switch all electronic devices off and use energy
efficient lightbulbs.
 Switching to an electric car.
 Recycle and reuse products to reduce amount of waste being sent to
landfill.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdiA12KeSL0
Resource Management – MEDC – Qatar

 Population: 2.6 million

 GDP: 350 billion USD (55th)
 GDP per Capita (PPP): 120,000 USD (1st)

Energy resources
 World’s 3rd largest natural gas reserves
 World’s leading exporter of natural gas
 World’s 13th largest oil reserves
 One of few energy secure countries in the world (does not need to import energy from other
countries)
 Energy Demand in Qatar

Energy Demand
 5th largest energy consumption per capita due to extremely
hot summers where ACs are a necessity
 1st for carbon emissions per capita.
 Wealth for many means the ownership of many electronic
goods (TVs, phones, household goods etc)
 Cheap fuel and desert conditions makes larger engine (V8)
cars very common.
Short Term Sustainability

 Qatar Electricity and Water Co. (Kharamaa) can provide enough electricity
for Qatar to continue growing for the next 5 years and will continue to use
fossil fuels for this electricity. They have recently spent 52 billion QAR on
fossil fuel power stations.
 Long Term Sustainability

Qatar as one of the highest per capita energy users is keen to reduce this
reliance on fossil fuels. Qatar’s Vision 2030 has set out a move towards using
renewable energy especially solar and wind powered energy.
 Some examples are:
 Qatar Solar Technologies (QST) – A 500million USD solar energy plant
expected to provide 15% of energy by 2020
 Vodafone hybrid wind and solar Base Station – funded by vodafone Qatar
it is a mobile phone station powered by wind and solar
 World Cup 2022- as part of the bid to win the WC Qatar vowed to make it a
low carbon event e.g. powered by renewables.
 Resource Management – LEDC – Nepal

 Population: 28 million
 GDP: 74 billion USD
 GDP per Capita (PPP): 2,000 USD

Energy resources
 No oil, gas or coal reserves
 Most fuel comes from wood, agricultural waste, animal dung and imported
energy
 Imports 8% of energy (fossil fuels) from India and China
Energy Demand

Energy demand
 204th country for per capita production of carbon emissions
 Currently only 40% of population has access to electricity
 Urban areas have 90% access while rural areas have only 5%
 Peak demand happens in winter and peak demand is over double supply
 Power cuts of 22 hours occur in peak times
 Short Term Sustainability

 Nepal has a very limited electricity grid but could be expanded in

cities
 Most electricity comes from micro hydro plants – Nepal has lots of
mountains and flowing rivers to turn turbines and create electricity.
9 major hydroelectric plants are under construction
 Over 1000 micro hydro plants have been created – this provides
clean energy to rural areas.
 Long Term Sustainability

 Continued investment in hydroelectricity – 27 sites are being considered for

construction

 Research into solar and wind energy although very strong winds can be
dangerous to wind turbines and cloudy conditions and mountains make solar
powers less effective and difficult to build.
Exam Style Question – Case Studies
 Revision Carousel
Group 2 Group 3
Group 1 Jana Leen Group 4
Davina Maha Kalysha Leen
Aliyah Kanzy Kei Nada
Shahd Latifa Nurilliyeen

Task

You will make your way round each station labelled A-D. On your own you will have 15
minutes to both discuss the answer to the question with others in your group and answer.

You will then have 10 minutes to discuss the marking scheme in your group and you will each
mark someone else’s book and provide feedback. Finally, you will move onto the next station.
 End of Year Exam – 9th June 11.50-
1.20pm

1hr 30 mins – 75 marks

25 marks Rivers
25 marks Hazards
25 marks Economic Activity and Energy
Things to think about…

 Understanding the command word – Describe, Explain, Discuss &

Analyse.
 Looking at how many marks questions are worth and writing
appropriate number of key points.
 Ensuring you are clear on which case studies you should be using.
 Consistently developing all points
 Referring to data which is given to you – 8 mark question – 4
mark for data and 4 for explanation.