Knuckle Joint: Design Procedure, Problems and Questions

4/8/2020 Knuckle Joint : Design Procedure,Problems and Questions | MACHINE DESIGN Notes,Procedures,Problems and Vids
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Knuckle Joint : Design Procedure,Problems and

Questions
Submitted by engr.sameer on Sun, 05/28/2017 - 04:40
A) Knuckle Joint Design

Procedure
Before going into detailed steps to design the dimensions of the Knuckle joint, it is essential
to get oriented with all its components and their functions. Here is the diagram showing the
exploded view of Knuckle Joint.
As seen in the assembly the Knuckle joint has main four parts
1. Rods {Which are to be connected by joint }

2. Single eye {Modified rod for assembly}
3. Double eye or Forked end {Modified rod for assembly}
4. Pin {Connects the two rods}
5. Collar {to keep the pin in position}
6. Split pin or taper pin {Not in diagram} {to prevent sliding away of pin}
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Assembly Drawing and Notations used in Knuckle Joint
https://machinedesign.top/content/knuckle-joint-design-procedureproblems-and-questions 1/11
Notations used in design :

P = Tension in rod ( Load on the joint)
D = Diameter of rod
D1= Enlarged diameter of rod
d = Diameter of pin
d1 = Diameter of pin head
d0 = Outer diameter of eye or fork
t1 = thickness of eye end
t2= thickness of forked end (double eye)
x= distance of the Centre of fork radius R from the eye
STEPS TO DESIGN KNUCKLE JOINT
Step 1 : Design of Rods (D,D1)
Tensile failure of rod
Using basic strength equation
Load = Stress * Area
From This equation Diameter ‘D’ of rod can be found
Empirical relations
Using Empirical relations the enlarged diameter of rod D1 is determined
Step 2 : Decide the thickness of eye end and forked end (t1,t2)
Empirical relations
Both these dimensions are decided on the basis of empirical relations,
t1= 1.25 D and t2= 0.75 D
Step 3 : Decide the dimensions of pin (d,d1)
Double shear Failure

The pin may get sheared off into three pieces as shown below, since the pin breaks at two
places it is called double shear. Both areas are taken as resisting areas.
Using basic strength equation
Load = Stress * Area
Note that 2 is because of double shear ...From This equation Diameter ‘d’ of pin can be
found. But since the pin is also subjected to bending one more diameter of pin on the basis
of bending is determined and the bigger of both is taken as the final size of pin
Bending failure of pin

The diameter on the basis of bending is determined using the following formula,
…..Calculate d from this formula
{ Discussion on how this formula is obtained is in the theory question and answer section of
knuckle joint }
Empirical relation for pin head diameter

Since pin head is not subjected to any stress, its diameter is simply decided on the basis of
proportionality, (it is taken 50% more than that of pin diameter )
d1=1.5 d
Step 4 : Check Stresses in Eye end
Empirical relation for outside diameter of eye and fork

d0=2d
Tensile failure of eye end

The single eye may fail in tension as shown below { please note that when the plane of
failure is perpendicular to the direction of force then the failure is either tensile or
compressive}
Using the basic equation for stress
………….Using this equation find the value of and

check if it is less than allowable value for design to be safe.
{Note that area resisting the tension is rectangular one and not circular so its area is length
time height total length is (d0-d) and height is t1.
Shear failure of eye end

The single eye may fail in shear as shown below { please note that when the plane of failure
is parallel to the direction of force then the failure is Shear failure}
simplifying this equation we get
………….Using this equation find the value of and check if it is

less than allowable value for design to be safe.
Crushing Failure of eye end

The single eye is also subjected to Crushing between pin and inner face of single eye. In case
of crushing failure since the area is curved we take the projected (area which would be
visible in drawing) of the cylindrical area. As we know that a cylinder appears as a rectangle
in projection, hence the area will be diameter times the height of cylinder. This area is
illustrated below,
………….Using this equation find the value of and check

if it is less than allowable value for design to be safe.
Step 5 : Check Stresses fork end

Fork end is also subjected to same failures as that of eye end, the only difference is that it
has two eyes. So we get the same equations except multiplied by 2.
The equations for tensile, shear and crushing failures are given below
Tensile failure of fork end

{see the changes highlighted in red from the equation
of single eye} Get the value of induced tensile stress from this equation and confirm that it is
below allowable tensile stress.
Shear failure of fork end

{see the changes highlighted in red from the equation
of single eye} Get the value of induced shear stress from this equation and confirm that it is
below allowable shear stress.
Crushing failure of fork end

{see the changes highlighted in red from the equation of
single eye} Get the value of induced crushing stress from this equation and confirm that it is
below allowable crushing stress.
Summary of Design Procedure in Tabular form

{ Student preparing for exam find the tabular form very handy and easy to remember the
formulae }
Step Failure Equation To find

Tensile
D=
Step 1 : Design of Rods (D,D1)
D1=
Empirical
Step 2 : Decide the thickness t1= 1.25 D t1 =

of eye end and forked end Empirical relations
(t1,t2) t2= 0.75 D t2 =
Double shear d=
Bending failure
Step 3 : Decide the dimensions
d=
of pin (d,d1)
{Choose
higher value
d1=1.5 d
Empirical of both}
Empirical d0=2d d0=
Tensile check
Step 4 : Check Stresses in Eye
end
Shear check
Crushing check
Tensile check
Step 5 : Check Stresses Shear check

fork end
Crushing check
NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
1) It is required to design a Knuckle joint to connect two circular rods

which are subjected to an axial tensile load of 50 kN. the material used
for joints is 50c8, having yield point stress 400 N/mm2. taking factor of
safety as 5, find the all dimensions of Knuckle joint.
2) A Knuckle joint carries an axial load of 100 kN. it connects two

circular rods which are made up of material 40c8, having yield strength
360 N/mm2. using factor of safety 4 design and draw the Knuckle joint.
Show all important dimensions in the final drawing.
3) Design a Knuckle joint to transmit a load of 50 kN, assume permissible

stresses as 40 N/mm2 in 10 size 40 N/mm2 in shear and 80 N/mm2 in
compression.Also draw neat dimensioned sketch of Knuckle joint showing all
important dimensions designed.
4) designer Knuckle joint subjected to a pull of 30000N. assume

permissible stresses as below,
allowable tensile stress 80 N/mm2
allowable shear stress 60 N/mm2
allowable crushing stress 120 N/mm2
5) A knuckle joint is required to transmit a load of 150 kN. the rod end,
fork end and pin are made up of same material. The design stresses may be
taken as
allowable tensile stress 75 N/mm2
allowable shear stress 60 N/mm2
allowable crushing stress 150 N/mm2
6) It is required to design a Knuckle joint for a tie rod of circular cross

section, the joint is subjected to maximum Pull of 70 kN. the ultimate
strength of the material of the rod against tearings is 420 Mpa . the
ultimate tensile and shearing strength of pin material or 510 Mpa and 400
Mpa respectively. Design the single eye, double eye and pin. Take factor
of safety is equal to 6
7)Design a knuckle joint required to connect two steel bars subjected to a

tensile load of 25 kN. The allowable stresses are
75 MPa in tension,
60 MPa in shear and
100 MPa in crushing. Also draw the neat dimensioned sketch of the joint
showing all important obtained dimensions.
8) Two MS rods are to be connected by a knuckle joint, load it has to

transmit is 120 kN. Design the joint assuming that the working stresses
for both the pin and rod materials to be,
85 MPa in tension,
70 MPa in shear and
140MPa in crushing.
C) Theory Questions and answers on

Knuckle joint
Theory questions are available here - Theory Questions Link
D) Objective type Questions and answers

on Knuckle joint
Links to other Topics in Machine design I
Machine Design I - Introduction to Design : Theory Q&A
Machine Design -I -Design of joints : Theory Q&A
Knuckle Joint : Design Procedure,Problems and Questions
Design of turnbuckle : Design steps, Problems and Question
Plant Engineering Cons.

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tcramakrishna (not verified)

Thu, 10/26/2017 - 06:52
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Sun, 12/03/2017 - 15:16
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DHAKANE AMOL AP... (not verified)

Thu, 12/28/2017 - 06:05
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Sun, 02/04/2018 - 05:18
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Tue, 05/08/2018 - 13:27
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Fri, 06/01/2018 - 09:31
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Wed, 07/04/2018 - 12:45
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Mon, 08/06/2018 - 13:47
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Fri, 10/12/2018 - 03:14
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Mon, 12/10/2018 - 01:37
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4/8/2020 Knuckle Joint : Design Procedure,Problems and Questions | MACHINE DESIGN Notes,Procedures,Problems and Vids

MACHINE DESIGN Notes,Procedures,Problems and Vids

Knuckle Joint : Design Procedure,Problems and

A) Knuckle Joint Design

1. Rods {Which are to be connected by joint }

KEYENCE Code Readers

Assembly Drawing and Notations used in Knuckle Joint

Notations used in design :

D1= Enlarged diameter of rod

d1 = Diameter of pin head

d0 = Outer diameter of eye or fork

t1 = thickness of eye end

t2= thickness of forked end (double eye)

x= distance of the Centre of fork radius R from the eye

STEPS TO DESIGN KNUCKLE JOINT

Step 1 : Design of Rods (D,D1)

Tensile failure of rod

Using basic strength equation

Load = Stress * Area

From This equation Diameter ‘D’ of rod can be found

t1= 1.25 D and t2= 0.75 D

Step 3 : Decide the dimensions of pin (d,d1)

Double shear Failure

Using basic strength equation

Load = Stress * Area

Bending failure of pin

…..Calculate d from this formula

Empirical relation for pin head diameter

Step 4 : Check Stresses in Eye end

Empirical relation for outside diameter of eye and fork

Tensile failure of eye end

Using the basic equation for stress

………….Using this equation find the value of and

Shear failure of eye end

Using the basic equation for stress

simplifying this equation we get

………….Using this equation find the value of and check if it is

Crushing Failure of eye end

Using the basic equation for stress

………….Using this equation find the value of and check

Step 5 : Check Stresses fork end

Tensile failure of fork end

Shear failure of fork end

Crushing failure of fork end

Summary of Design Procedure in Tabular form

Step Failure Equation To find

Step 2 : Decide the thickness t1= 1.25 D t1 =

Empirical d0=2d d0=

Step 5 : Check Stresses Shear check

1) It is required to design a Knuckle joint to connect two circular rods

2) A Knuckle joint carries an axial load of 100 kN. it connects two

3) Design a Knuckle joint to transmit a load of 50 kN, assume permissible

4) designer Knuckle joint subjected to a pull of 30000N. assume

allowable tensile stress 80 N/mm2

allowable shear stress 60 N/mm2

allowable crushing stress 120 N/mm2

allowable tensile stress 75 N/mm2

allowable shear stress 60 N/mm2

allowable crushing stress 150 N/mm2

6) It is required to design a Knuckle joint for a tie rod of circular cross

7)Design a knuckle joint required to connect two steel bars subjected to a

8) Two MS rods are to be connected by a knuckle joint, load it has to

70 MPa in shear and