Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Supervised By:
Presented By:
Dr. Hasanul kabir
Ashikur Rahman (104401)
Assistant professor, CSE dept.
Golam Mostaeen (104404)
Islamic university of technology(iut)
Contents
Introduction
Offline Signature Verification
Research Challenges
Thesis Objective
Related Works
Proposed Method
Dataset & Implementation
Future Works
References
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INTRODUCTION
A signature is a person's name written in a distinctive way as a form of identification in
authorizing a check or document or concluding a letter.
Signature forgery refers to the act of falsely replicating the signature of another person.
Signature forgery is done in order to-
Commit frauds
Deceive others
Alter data etc.
One common example of signature forgery is cheque writing.
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Offline Signature Verification
Those forgeries can be verified in two methods-
Online Signature Verification
• Deals with dynamic features like
speed, pen pressure, directions,
stoke length and when the pen is
lifted from the paper
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Research Challenges
Differentiating different parts of signature Isolating the sector of interest from the
that varies with each signing- total input image-
Input image may contain noise. The nature and variety of the writing
pen
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Thesis Objective
Our main objective of this thesis is to
develop a method that will calculate
features of a signature and verify it
comparing with sample prototype in
spite of having-
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Overall Workflow of Signature Verification
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Related Works
Existing methods so far we studied can be categorized by the following tree-
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Related works(contd.)
Global & geometric Method(A. C. Angular based model(Prashanth & Raja,
Verma,D. Saha,H. Saikia,2013): 2012):
• Geometric data(aspect ratio, center of • Calculate average no. of rows and
gravity, baseline shift etc.) are columns for random forgery detection
considered as feature • For skilled, split the image in two blocks
• Mean of each feature calculated from recursively until 128 blocks have found
on basis of geometric center
the training data
• Variance is used to calculate the • Angle and distance for all the center
points of each block is calculated from
Euclidian distance which is the basis the point (1,1) for feature extraction.
of comparison
The formula is-
Limitations:
• Cannot detect skilled forgery as the
geometric value get closer Limitation:
• False accept occurs more often
• Depends on global value(angle and
distance)
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Related works(contd.)
Grid Model(Madasu & Brian,2002): Radon transform model(Kiani &
Pourreza,2011):
• Image is partitioned into 8 partitions using
equal horizontal density approximation • Computes projection sum of the
image intensity along a radial line
method. oriented at a specific angle with the
• Each Box portioned into 12 boxes (total 96 formula-
boxes)
• calculate the summation of the angles of
all points in each box taken with respect
to the bottom left corner and normalize
it for feature. Where the δ(r) is Dirac function.
• Computation of Radon Transform is its
projections across the image at arbitrary
orientations θ and offsets ρ which is
used as feature
Limitations: Limitations:
• Even a little change in the signature leads • False reject rate is little high for this
to much change in the result. method
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Related works(contd.)
SURF model(Bay & Gool,2006): G-SURF model(Pal, Chanda &
• First, key point is detected using fast Franke,2012):
Hessian Detector and Haar wavelet. • Uses Gabor filter along with SURF
The formula of Hessian matrix is- algorithm
• A two dimensional Gabor Filter in
spatial domain can be defined as
follows-
• Then SURF descriptor is extracted using
assignment orientation.
Limitations:
Limitations:
• Though it overcomes the performance
• The time needed to detect can be
of SIFT and SURF, still need to be
beaten today upgraded
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Related works(contd.)
Harris Corner Detection: Feature descriptor:
• This method detects corner first • Describe a point assigning orientation
recognizing the points by looking the around it
intensity within the small window
• Shifting the window in any direction • Divides the surrounding area into 16
should yield a large change in blocks, each blocks have a histogram
appearance of 8 bins each
• So, each point has a (16x8) 128 long
feature vector
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Proposed Method(Contd.)
• Further checking for skilled Forgery
A high level of skilled forgery may pass the above
test but those can be further detected using the
following tests:
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Dataset & Implementation
Dataset
We have collected our dataset from different persons. Signature s was
taken in white paper and scanned for training our system.
Similarly we took forged and genuine version of the signatures for
testing the performance of different verification method we
implemented.
3. Feature descriptor
For each keypoint a feature vector of length 128 has been calculated. This
vector contain the histogram of orientation around the point.
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Future Works
• So far we have figured out several problems of existing methods of signature
detection through implementation
• Still we did not implemented our proposed method but from the implementation
& analysis of existing method we can say that it will give us better performance
• So our future work is to implement the proposed method so that it can ensure-
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Thank you.
Any Question ?
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References
• A. C. Verma,D. Saha, H. Saikia; ’FORGERY DETECTION IN OFFLINE HANDWRITTENSIGNATURE
USING GLOBAL AND GEOMETRIC FEATURES’, IJCER(Vol.2, Issue 2, April 2013)
• Prashanth C R, K B Raja, Venugopal K R, L M Patnaik,’ Intra-modal Score level Fusion for Off-
line Signature Verification’, IJITEE, ISSN: 2278-3075, Vol.1, Issue 2, July 2012
• Prashanth C. R. and K. B. Raja,’ Off-line Signature Verification Based on Angular Features’
IJMO, Vol. 2, No. 4, August 2012
• M.Radmehr, S.M.Anisheh, I.Yousefian,’ Offline Signature Recognition using Radon Transform’,
WASET, Vol:6 2012-02-28
• Bay H,Tinne t.,Gool l.,’ SURF: Speeded Up Robust Features’;
• Samaneh G., Mohsen E., i Moghaddam, “Off-line Persian Signature Identification and
Verification Based on Image Registration and Fusion,” Journal of Multimedia, Vol. 4, No.
3, pp.137-144, June 2009.
• Jesus F Vargas, Miguel A Ferrer, Carlos M Travieso, and Jesus B Alonso, “Off-line
Signature Verification Based on Psuedo-Cepstral Coefficients,” International Conference
on Document Analysis and Recognition, pp. 126-130, 2009
• V A Bharadi and H B Kekre, “Off-line Signature Recognition Systems,” International
Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 1, No. 27, pp. 61-70, 2010
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