An-Najah National University

Faculty of Engineering
Environmental Engineering Lab
Course Code: 10601451
Submitted to………………………
Study Name…alkanity…………… Date of study: ………………….
Prepared By:

Section: 2:00- 12:00 ‫الخميس‬

1.
2- Mohammad Khaled naji
3-mohammad Emad Khaled
4-
Item Student
No. Item
mark mark
Introduction
1 10%

2 Purpose 5%

3 Theory 10%

4 Methodology 10%

5 Data collected, Analysis, Results, tables and figures 40%

6 Discussion and Conclusions 20%

7 References 5%
 Total report grade 100%

Introduction:
1) Define the alkalinity

Capacity of neutralize acid or the amount of acid required per liter to lower the PH to
4.5 .

2) Name the alkalinity spices in the water

1.carbonateb 2.bicarbonate 3. Hydroxyl contrnt 4. Hydrogen ion

3) The unit used to measure the alkalinity is –Mg/l as caco3-------------

Objectives
What is the main objective of this test?
To calculate the alkalinity in the wastewater sample and reduce the PH to 4.5 .

Theory
What are the concepts and theories used in this test?
The concept is to use a titrant substance of H2so3 to reduce the PH of sample due to the
following equation :
−¿ ¿

H2so4 →2 H +¿+ so 4 ¿

And due to the following that use the the alkanity :

N= 2Mole of sulfuric acid
Normality = M× n
Methodology
Name and draw the main instrument you use in this test:

Flask holder burret Graduated cylinder

Data collected and calculations

Sample volume: -----50 ml-------------
Volume of sulfuric acid (0.02N) for step # 1 as A = -------zero-------
Volume of sulfuric acid (0.02N) for step # 2 as B = ---30 ml ------------

The phenolphthalein alkalinity P = -zero ----------------------

30× .02× 50000 Mg

The total alkalinity T = -- =600 as Caco 3----------------------
50 l

The type(s) of the alkalinity in the sample –[ Hco3]−¿¿ alkalinity ------------------

Specification
We should use titration by H2so4 to have specified value of PH that between :
[ 6.5 -----to-----8.5] = total alkalinity

Discussion and conclusion

Are the two colors appear in the test? Why?
No when we add the first predictor phenol phthalate nothing occur
So we know that the PH< 8.3 so we use the second indicator methol red we show the green
blue color and that mean the PH>4.5 so we stay add it to achieve another color ot have 4.5
PH.

Are the results within the acceptable range?

The result was accepted because the alkalinity was in the specific range .

Does the sample need treatment? If yes, name one process used to treat the high alkalinity in
the wastewater?
No need because the alkalinity was in the accepted range
References
Environment endineering book