122 16.

APPLICATIONS OF THE INTEGRAL

16.2. Exercises
(1) The area of the (bounded) region between the curves y = x3 − x + 3 and y = x2 + x + 3
a
is where a = .
12
1 x 1 a
(2) The area of the region between the curves y = and y = for 1 ≤ x ≤ 3 is + ln
x 4 a b
where a = and b = .
(3) The total area of the region between the curve y = x3 − x and the x-axis for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 is
a
where a = .
2
a
(4) The area of the region enclosed by the curves x = y 2 and 3x = −y 2 + 4 is where
9
a= .
(5) The area between the curves y = x3 + x2 − 3x + 4 and y = x2 − 2x + 4 from x = −1 to
a
x = 2 is where a = .
4
√
(6) The area of the region between the curves y = x2 and y = x over the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 4
a
is where a = .
3
1
(7) The length of the curve y = (ex + e−x ) from x = 0 to x = ln 3 is .
2
(8) Findsthe equation for a curve through the point (0, 3) whose length from x = 0 to x = 2 is
Z 2
1
1+ 2
dx. Answer: y = a+ 12 f (x) where a = and f (x) = .
0 (2x + 1)
√
2+ x √
(9) The length of the curve y = 8 ln √ − 8 x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 is a ln b − b where a =
2− x
and b = .
x3 1 a
(10) The length of the curve y = + from x = 1 to x = 2 is where a = .
3 4x 24
(11) The length of the curve y = 13 (x2 + 2)3/2 from x = 0 to x = 3 is .
√
(12) The arclength of the curve y = ln sec x for − π4 ≤ x ≤ π4 is ln(a + b b) where a =
and b = .
1
(13) The length of the curve y = cosh x between x = −1 and x = 1 is a − where a = .
a
4
(14) The length of the curve y = 2 ln between x = 0 and x = 1 is a ln b − 1 where
4 − x2
a= and b = .
a
(15) The length of the curve y = x3/2 from x = 0 to x = 59 is where a = .
27
a 1
(16) The length of the curve y = 21 x2 − 14 ln x from x = 1 to x = 2 is + ln b where a =
b 4
and b = .
1√ 1 √
(17) The length of the curve y = x2 between the origin and the point (1, 1) is b+ ln(a+ b)
a 4
where a = and b = .
(18) A train is moving along a straight track in Africa at a steady rate of 60 mph. The engineer
suddenly sees on the tracks ahead a large rhinoceros. He slams on the brakes and the train
 16.2. EXERCISES 123

decelerates as a constant rate stopping in exactly two minutes just an inch from the angry
rhinoceros’s horn. While stopping the train traveled mi.
(19) If the work done in stretching a spring from a length of 3 ft to a length of 4 ft is one-half
the work done in stretching it from 4 ft to 5 ft, then the natural length of the spring is
ft.
(20) A spring exerts a force of 1/2 pound when stretched 4 inches beyond its natural length.
The work done in stretching the spring from its unstretched position to 8 inches beyond
its natural length is inch-pounds.
(21) The left end of a spring is attached to the origin of the x-axis. Its natural length is l. The
work required to stretch the right end of the spring from x = 6 to x = 8 is 11/7 times
the work required to stretch it from x = 4 to x = 6. Then the spring’s natural length l is
.
(22) It takes a 20 pound force to stretch a particular spring 5 feet beyond its natural length.
A 12 foot chain of uniform linear density weighs 48 pounds. One end of the spring is
attached to the ceiling. When the chain is hung from the other end of the spring, the
chain just touches the floor. The amount of work done in pulling the chain down three
feet is foot-pounds.
(23) A horizontal cylindrical tank of radius 3 ft and length 8 ft is half full of oil weighing 60
lb/ft3 . The work done in pumping out the oil to the top of the tank is aπ + b where
a= and b = .
(24) A horizontal cylindrical tank of radius 4 feet and length 10 feet is half full of a liquid whose
density is 60 pounds per cubic foot. What is the work done in pumping the liquid to the
top of the tank? Answer: a + bπ where a = and b = .
(25) A conical tank is 20 ft. tall and the diameter of the tank at the top is 20 ft. It is filled
with a liquid whose density is 12 lb./ft.3 . What is the work done in lifting the liquid to a
trough 5 ft above the top of the tank? Answer: π ft-lbs.
(26) A hemispherical tank of water of radius 10 feet is being pumped out. The pump is
placed 3 feet above the top of the tank. The work done in lowering the water level
from 2 feet below the top to 4 feet below the top of the tank is (to five decimal places)
foot-pounds.
(27) An oil tank in the shape of a horizontal elliptic cylinder is 25 feet long. The major axis
of the elliptical cross-section is horizontal and 12 feet long. The (vertical) minor axis
is 6 feet long. The work done in emptying the contents of the tank through an outlet
at the top of the tank when it is half full of oil weighing 60 pounds per cubic foot is
000 + 0 00 π foot-pounds.
(28) A horizontal tank of length 25 feet has parabolic cross-sections (vertex down) 8 feet across
at the top and 4 feet deep. The work done in pumping out the tank from an outlet 2
feet above the top of the tank if it is filled with oil weighing 60 pounds per cubic foot is
11 00 foot-pounds.
(29) A bag of sand originally weighing 100 lb. is lifted at a constant rate. The sand leaks out
uniformly at such a rate that the bag is just empty when it reaches a height of 35 ft. How
much work is done in lifting the bag of sand that distance? Answer: ft-lbs.
(30) One electron is fixed on the x-axis at x = −2 and a second at x = −1. The force
exerted by one electron on another is inversely proportional to the square of the distance
between them. Use k as the constant of proportionality. Then the work done in moving
124 16. APPLICATIONS OF THE INTEGRAL

a
a third electron along the x-axis from x = 3 to x = 0 is (in appropriate units) k where
20
a= .
(31) Assume that two particles repel each other with a force inversely proportional to the cube
of the distance between them. Suppose that one particle is fixed and you know that the
work done in moving the second particle from a distance of 10 inches to a distance of 5
inches from the first is 48 inch-pounds. Then the work done in moving the second particle
from a distance of 10 inches to a distance of 1 inch from the first is inch-
pounds.
(32) Let R be the region between the curve y = sin x and the x-axis for 0 ≤ x ≤ π. Use
Pappus’s theorem to find the volume of the solid generated by revolving R about the
y-axis. Answer: the volume is aπ a where a = .
(33) Let R be the region between the curve y = cos x and the x-axis for 3π 5π
2 ≤ x ≤ 2 . Use
Pappus’s theorem to find the volume of the solid generated by revolving R about the
y-axis. Answer: the volume is aπ p where a = and p = .
(34) Let R be the region bounded by the parabola y = −4x2 +12x and the x-axis. Use Pappus’s
theorem to find the volume of the solid which results when R is revolved about the y-axis.
Answer: the volume is aπ p where a = and p = .
(35) The centroid of the triangle whose vertices are (0, 0), (1, 0), and (0, 1) is the point
( , ).
(36) The centroid of the region bounded by the parabola y = 1 − x2 and the x-axis is the point
( , ).
√
(37) The coordinates of the centroid of the region lying between the curves y = 1 − x2 and
a d
y = −1 − x with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 are x = and y = where a = ,
b(π + c) b(π + c)
b= ,c= , and d = .
a 
(38) The centroid of the region {(x, y) : x2 + y 2 ≤ r2 and x ≥ 0} is , b where a =
3π
and b = .
(39) The base of a solid is the region bounded by the parabolas x = y 2 and x = 3 − 2y 2 .
Find the volume of the solid if the cross-sections perpendicular to the x-axis are squares.
Answer: .
(40) The volume  of the solid obtained by revolving the curve y = tan x (0 ≤ x ≤ π4 ) about the
a
x-axis is a 1 − where a = and b = .
b
(41) Let R be the region between the curve y = cos x and the x-axis for 3π 5π
2 ≤ x ≤ 2 . The
volume of the solid generated by revolving R about the x-axis is .
(42) Let R be the region which lies above the x-axis and below the curve y = 2x − x2 . The
a
volume of the solid obtained when R is revolved about the x-axis is π where a =
b
and b = .
(43) The base of a solid is the region bounded by the parabola y = 1 − x2 and the x-axis.
Suppose the cross-sections perpendicular to the x-axis are squares. Then the volume of
a
the solid is where a = and b = .
b
 16.2. EXERCISES 125
(
x if 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
(44) Let f (x) = and A be the region which lies above the x-axis and
2 − x if 1 < x ≤ 2
under the curve y = f (x). Then the volume of the solid generated by revolving A about
aπ
the x-axis is where a = and b = .
b
(45) A hemispherical basin of radius 10 feet is being used to store water. To what percent of
capacity is the basin filled when the water is 5 feet deep?
Answer: . %.
(46) The volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by y 2 = 8x and x = 2
a
about the line x = 2 is π where a = and b = .
b
(47) The base of a solid is the region bounded by the parabolas x = y 2 and x = 3 − 2y 2 . Find
the volume of the solid if the cross-sections perpendicular to the x-axis are equilateral
a√
triangles. Answer: a where a = and b = .
b
3
(48) If R is the region bounded by x = √ , x = 0, y = 0, and y = 8, then the volume of
y+1
the solid generated by revolving R about the y-axis is aπ ln 3 where a = .
(49) If R is the region bounded by y = x2 + 1 and y = −x + 3, then the volume of the solid
aπ
generated by revolving R about the x-axis is where a = .
5
(50) The arch y = 2x − x2 , 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, is revolved about the line y = c to generate a solid. The
a
value of c that minimizes this volume is where a = and b = .
b
(51) Let R be the region between the curve y = cos x and the x-axis for 3π 5π
2 ≤ x ≤ 2 . The
volume of the solid generated by revolving R about the y-axis is .
(52) Let R be the region bounded by the parabola y = −4x2 + 12x and the x-axis. Use the
shell method to find the volume of the solid which results when R is revolved about the
y-axis. Answer: a π where a = .
(53) Let R be the region under the curve y = x3/2 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 4. The volume of the solid
a
generated by revolving R about the y-axis is π where a = .
7
√ √
(54) Let R be the region bounded by the curves x + y = 1 and x + y = 1. Then the
aπ
volume of the solid generated by revolving R about the y-axis is where a = and
b
b= .
(55) Let R be the region above the x-axis and below y = 2x − x2 . The volume generated when
aπ
R is revolved about the y-axis is where a = and b = .
b
(56) Use the shell method to find the volume generated by revolving the curve y 2 = 8x about
a
the line x = 2. Answer: π where a = .
15
(57) Let R be the region bounded by the parabola y = −x2 + 6x − 8 and the x-axis. The
volume of the solid generated by revolving R about the y-axis is aπ where a = .
y4 y2 y2
(58) Let R be the region bounded by the curves x = − and x = . The volume of the
4 2 2
a
solid obtained by revolving R about the x-axis is π where a = .
3
126 16. APPLICATIONS OF THE INTEGRAL

1
(59) Let R be the region bounded by the curves y = , y = 0, x = 1, and x = 5. The volume
2x
of the solid generated by revolving R about the y-axis is aπ where a = .
(60) Let R be the region bounded by the curves y = |x| and y = 2. Use the shell method to
a
find the volume of the solid generated by revolving R about the x-axis. Answer: π where
3
a= .
2
(61) Let R be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the curves y = x and y = 2x. Use
the shell method to find the volume of the solid generated by revolving R about the line
x = 3. Answer: .