Research can be defined as a systematic process of gathering, analysing of data, interpretation of data

and presentation of the data.

It can as well e defined as the search for facts or answers to questions that are asked.

NDEJJE UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ANDjkjmnjmn MANAGEMENT

COURSE UNIT: RESEARCH METHODS

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Research methodology refers to specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process and
anayse information about a topic.

Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to the field of study. It
comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with the branch of
knowledge. A methodology does not set out to provide solutions, it is therefore not the same as
method. Instead a methodology offers the theoretical underpinning for understanding which method,
set of methods or best practices can be applied to a specific case for example to calculate a specific
result.

Methodology is the general research strategy that outlines the way in which research is to be
undertaken and among other things, identifies the methods to be used in it. Methodology presents the
problem the research will explore and the methods that will be used to perform the research.

Method: It is a procedure, technique or way of doing something especially in accordance of a definite

plan.

In research, method refers to the approach and process used to complete research. Amethod is simply
the tool used to answer your research questions, how, in short, you will go about collecting your data.
Examples of research methods include interview and survey.

Research design refers to the overall strategy that you choose to intergrate the different components of
the strategy in a coherent and logical way. In simpke terms, it can e defined as a plan for the study. A
successful design stems from a collaorative process involving good planning and communication.

Reserch design is mainly of three types namnely, exploratory, descriptive and casual research.

Exploratory research. Its is used to seek insights into general nature of the problem. In this type of
research, there is no previous knowledge. The researcher in this method does not know " what he will
find". A study into the roles of social networking sites as an effective marketing communication channel.

How it is conducted.

Engage in guided discussions

Collect open market data

Enhance your content with expert interviews.

Descriptive research: It is defined as a research method that describes the characteristics of the
population or phenomenon that’s being studied. In other wards, descriptive research primarily. In other
wards, descriptive research primarily focuses on describing the nature of demographic segment without
focusing on “why” a certain phenomenon occurs . its purpose is to describe as well as explain or
validacate some sort of hypotheses i or ojectie when it comes to a specific group of peaple
Casual Resaerch is ,the investigation of the cause and effect relationships,there are two research
methods for exploringgthe cause and effecct relationship .etween variales ; experimentation for
example in the lab and statistical esearch

Reseacch strategy ;it’s a step by step plan of action that’s givvesdirection gives direction to your
thoughts and efnduct research sysforts ,enabling you to conduct systematically and on schedule to
produce quality results and detailed reprting . some good rsearch strategies

Get organised Articulate your topic

Locate background information

dentify your information needs

consider the scoe of your topic

conduct your searches

evalulate the information sources younfound

it describes how research actually will e carried out and is crucial to how favouraly an application is
reviewed

research desgn research design is the framework of research methods and techniques chosen y a
research there are three main types of data collection ,measurement and analysis types of research
designs l

descriptive research design –in this design a researcher is soley interested in describing the situation
under their research study

theory based design created by gathering analysing c and preventing collected data

provide insight tio

experimental research design =establish a relationship etween the cause and effect of the situation,

correlational research design ;non experimental research design that heps researchers establish
between closely connected variables .requires two different groups there os no assumptionwhile
eevaluating a relationship between two different variables

Diagnostic research design ;there ismlooking to evalute the underlying cause of a specific topic or
phenomenon .this method help[s one learn more about the factors that create troublesome
situations ;has three paryts of research

Inceptionof the issue

Diagnosis of the issue

Solution for the issun desuject ie

Explanatory research design ;uses a researchers idea and thoughts on a subject to futher explore their
theories,the researc explains unexplored aspects of a suject and details aout what ,how of the research
questions

Selection of an appropriate research design

Choose your resarch design as per your research question or problen and research objectives

Suppoes the research title is “impacts of daily use of facebook have on th study attetion of Under 20s
,Your research methodswud either e qualitive or quatitive or a combination of both methode

Why is the selection of an appropriate designis the most importangt descision to make in determing the
methodology of any research study .this is important for the way in which the study will be conducted
,especially the sampling and data analysis .Study designs are different for quatitative and qualitative
research

The different research designs

The design of research topic explains the type of research (experimental,survey ,reviews)and also its sud
types (experimental design,research problem).there are three main types of research design .

Data collection ,measurement and analysis .

Data collection:It’s the process of gahering and measuring infomation variables of interest ,in an
established systematiuc fashion sthat enables questions test answer stated research questions test
hypotheses and evaluate outcomes

Measurement :this aims to ascertain the dimesions ,quatity or capacity of the behaviour or event that
researchers want to exploree thus researchers can interpret the data quatitive conclusion which leads to
more accurate and standadised outcomes

Analysis :To analyse means to break a topic or concept down into its parts in order to and understand it
and to restucture those parts in away that makes sense to you

Ow

Qualitative research is a scientific method of oservtion to gather non numerical data while focusing on
meaning –making . this often occursthrough caes study , personal experience ,life story ,interview
,historical and visaul texts. Thos type of reseach answers questions related t why or how a certain
phenomenon may occur rather than how often it occurs

Qualitative