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CLIENT:
DEPUTY CHIEF ENGINEER/CON/LJN
CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION
N.E RAILWAY, GORAKHPUR
DESIGN OF COMPONENT:
CONSULTANT:
M/S KGS
DHADHA BUZURAG,HATA, KUSHINAGAR-274207(U.P)
DESIGN OF RCC BOX
1. SAILENT FEATURES
CLEAR SPAN 6 m
CLEAR HEIGHT 7 m
TOP SLAB THICKNESS 600 mm 650 mm Say
BOTTOM SLAB THICKNESS 650 mm 0.065
SIDE WALL THiCKNESS 650 mm
3
UNIT WEIGHT OF CONCRETE 25 kN/m A B
3
UNIT WEIGHT OF EARTH 18 kN/m 0.65
UNIT WEIGHT OF WATER 10 kN/m3
ANGLE OF FRICTION 30 Degree 6 m
COEFFICIENT OF EARTH PRESSURE AT REST 0.5
TOTAL CUSHION ON TOP 0 m 0.65 0.65
THICKNESS OF WEARING COAT 0.065 m
CARRIAGEWAY 2 Lane 7.5 m 7 m
Total width of Slab 11.5 m
Effective Span of Box 6.65 m
Effective Vertical height 7.65 m
2.DESIGN PARAMETERS
0.65
GRADE OF CONCETE M 25 MPa D C
STEEL GRADE Fe 415 MPa 7.3
σcbc 8.33 MPa Fig.‐1
2
σst 200 N/mm
MODULAR RATIO m 280/(3*σcbc) 11
Moment of resistance M = Q= Ru*b*d2
Where Ru= 0.5*σcbc*k*j
K= 1/(1+3*σst/280) = 1/(1+σST/mσcbc)
J= (1‐k/3)
Fe 415
2
For M 25 8.33 N/mm
k= 0.314
J= 0.895
Ru= 0.5*σcbc*k*j 1.172
3.ANALYSIS OF BOX FRAMES
The frame is statically indeterminat. It is proposed to use Moment distriution method & STAAD Pro Software to determine the moments in the frame for different types of Loading.
To avoid repeating the calculations, it is better to obtain the moments at each corner dueto a unbalanced moment of +100 kN‐m at A.
JOINT A B C D
MEMBER AD AB BA BC CB CD DC DA
D.F 0.465 0.535 0.535 0.465 0.465 0.535 0.535 0.465
UNBALANC
ED
MOMENT
AT A 100kN 0.000 100.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
DIST ‐46.503 ‐53.497 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
C.O 0.000 0.000 ‐26.748 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ‐23.252
DIST 0.000 0.000 14.309 12.439 0.000 0.000 12.439 10.813
C.O 5.406 7.155 0.000 0.000 6.219 6.219 0.000 0.000
DIST ‐5.841 ‐6.720 0.000 0.000 ‐5.785 ‐6.654 0.000 0.000
C.O 0.000 0.000 ‐3.360 ‐2.892 0.000 0.000 ‐3.327 ‐2.921
DIST 0.000 0.000 3.345 2.907 0.000 0.000 3.342 2.905
C.O 1.453 1.672 0.000 0.000 1.454 1.671 0.000 0.000
DIST ‐1.453 ‐1.672 0.000 0.000 ‐1.453 ‐1.672 0.000 0.000
C.O 0.000 0.000 ‐0.836 ‐0.727 0.000 0.000 ‐0.836 ‐0.727
DIST 0.000 0.000 0.836 0.727 0.000 0.000 0.836 0.727
Table‐1
STAADPRO INPUT PROGRAMME IS GIVEN IN APPENDIX‐A
4.ANALYSIS OF LOADS
4.1 DEAD LOAD
4.1.1 Dead Load of Top Slab & wearing Course
2
(a) Weight of wearing course = 0.065*22 = 1.43 kN/m Adopt minimum of 2 kN/m2 as per MOST Specification
2
2 kN/m
2
(b) Self weight of Top slab = 0.65*25 = 16.25 kN/m
2
Total Load 18.25 kN/m
Weight of top slab +wearing coat = 1473.688 kN
4.1.2 Force due to Dead Load of kerb,Crash Barrier & Footpath slab
Let the kerb be 25 cm above the wearing coat and 37.5 cm wide
Weight of Kerb = 0.25*0.375*25*7.3 = 17.10938 kN
Weight of crash barrier = 0.891*10*2*7.3 = 130.086 kN
Weight of Footpath Slab = 1.5*0.15*25*2*7.3 = 82.125 kN
Total weight = 229.3204 kN
4.1.3 Weight of walls
Weight of walls = 2*0.65*7*11.5*25 = 2616.25 kN
4.1.4 Weight of Bottom slab = 0.65*7.3*11.5*25 = 1364.188 kN
Total weight = 5683.445 kN
2 2
Pressure on founation = 67.70036 kN/m < 150 kNn/m (Safe)
2
Net upward pressure on base slab = 51.45 kN/m
2 2
Load on Top Slab = 17.55435 kN/m < 18.25 kN/m
2
= 18.25 kN/m Adopted for safer side
Fixing Moment in Top and bottom slabs are
With the help of Tabe ‐1, dead load moments can be worked out aat each section and shown in Table
For example, moment at A in member AB
= ‐67.26+(‐53.06/100)*‐67.26+(‐12.45/100)*67.26+(‐0.44/100)*‐189.6+(12.45/100)*189.6 = ‐15.506 kN‐m per m run
Similarly,Moment B in Member BA
= 67.26+(‐53.06/100)*67.26+(‐12.45/100)*‐67.26+(12.45/100)*‐189.6+(‐0.44/100)*189.6 = 15.506 kN‐m per m run
Moment at D in Member DC
= 189.6+(‐53.06/100)*189.6+(0.1245)*‐67.26+(‐0.1245)*‐189.6+(‐0.0044)*67.26 = 103.934 kN‐m per m run
Moment at C in Member CD
= ‐189.6+‐0.5306*‐189.6+‐0.1245*189.6+‐0.0044*‐67.26+0.1245*67.26 = ‐103.934 kN‐m per m run
4.1.5 Superimposed load of Rail Track Structure
The load of track structure may be ignored as it is directly coming on in the slab and the reaction will nullify.
In similar way Live load due to Train Movement may also ignored and reaction will nullify. And this will not give critical condition.
However, for sake of completeness Liveload Surcharge and Dead load of track structure has ben taken
2
Live Load surcharge 13.7 T/m for 3 m width and DL Surcharge=4.8 T/m at Formation Level of 3 m considered so LL Surcharge= 45.66667 kN/m
2
DL Surcharge 16.03333 kN/m
4.2 EARTH PRESSURE
Earth pressure will act at Side wall
4.2.1 Due to Live load Surcharge the earth pressure will be recctangular
(i) Rectangular Portion
Earth Pressure at base due to live load surcharge = Ka*γ*h A B
2
= 10.8 kN/m 0.65
Fixed end Moment in the wall
MFCB = 52.67 MFDA = ‐52.67 kN‐m per m run 6 m
MFBC = ‐52.67 MFAD = 52.67 kN‐m per m run 0.65 0.65
with the help of Table‐1,Net moment at the cornerscan be obtained as below 7m
MAD = 28.179 kN‐m per m run
MDA = ‐28.179 kN‐m per m run
MBC = ‐28.179 kN‐m per m run
MCB = 28.179 kN‐m per m run 0.65
68.85 10.8
D 7.3 m C
(ii) Triangular Portion
Earth Pressure at base due to earth fill = Ka*γ*h
2
= 68.85 kN/m
Total earth Pressure = 68.85*7.65/2 = 263.3513 kN
Fixed end moment at Top end(Where pressure intensity=0)= WL/15
Fixed end moment at Top end(Where pressure intensity=0)= (‐)WL/10
MFCB = 201.46 MFDA = ‐201.46 kN‐m per m run
MFBC = ‐134.31 MFAD = 134.31 kN‐m per m run
with the help of Table‐1,Net moment at the cornerscan be obtained as below
MAD = 80.51 kN‐m per m run
MDA = ‐99.13 kN‐m per m run
MBC = ‐80.51 kN‐m per m run
MCB = 99.13 kN‐m per m run
4.3 Water Pressure inside
4.3.1 Case‐2 Box empty, earth pressure with live load sucharge Equivalent to 1.2 m height of earth on both side fills
6 m
2
Water Pressure at top of Bottom Slab= γ*h = 76.5 kN/m A B
0.65
Total water pressure on the side walls ‐292.613 kN per m run
D 7.3 m C
4.4 Live Load
The Critical live load will be CLASS‐70(R) Tracked,IRC Loading Hence Only this load will be used in finding Design Moments and shear
the Vehicle can not lie closer to kerbs than 1.2 m. The entire span will not be covered by the load.
70 R TRACKED LOAD‐
4.57
0.65
6 m
0.65 0.65
7m
0.65
7.3 m
(a) In longitudinal Direction (b) In Cross Direction
Fig.‐2 Fig.‐3
1.62 2.06 C/L OF CARRIAGE WAY
C/L OF LOAD 7.5
Fig.‐5 70 R tracked Loading
Fig.‐4
Length of tracked Class‐70R vehicle = 4570 mm < 7300 mm
Width of the load = 840 mm
Minimum clearance from kerbs = 1200 mm P P P P
Width of each track after dispersion through the wearing coat at 45 0
b1 = 0.84+2*.065 = 0.97 m 0 .1/8 .3/8 .5/8 .7/8
Distance btween two tracks = 2.06 m c/c 4570
Total load per track = 350 kN A B
Let us divide the load in 4 concentrated loads and place the symmetrically as shown in Fig.‐6 6650
P = 87.5 kN Fig.‐6
As per Clause 315.16 of IRC:21‐2000
bef = αx(1‐x/l)+b1
where,
bef = width of the slab ovr which the load is effective
l= effective span of the simply supported slab(clear span in case of continuous slabs)
x= distance of centre of gravity of concentrated load from the narest support
α= a constant havin values depending on B/l Values as given in Folllowing Table
b1 = width of dispersion area of th wheel load on the slab through wearing coat,this is given by (w+2h),where h is the thickness of the wearing coat
w is the contact width of the wheel on the slab perpendicular to the direction of movement.
B/l = 1.12782
As it is Box culvert so Top slab will be treated as Continuous Slab
α= 2.30
x for 1st and 4rth loads = 1.611 m
x for 2nd and 3rd loads = 2.754 m
Effective width for 1st and 4rth loads = 2.3*1.611*(1‐1.611/6.65)+0.97 = 3.778 m > 2.06 m
Effective width for 1st and 4rth loads = 2.3*2.754*(1‐2.754/6.65)+0.97 = 4.681 m > 2.06 m
It can be seen that the effective width for the two tracks overlaps
So, Modified effective width for 1st and 4rth loads = 2.919 m
Modified effective width for 2rd and 3rd loads = 3.371 m
As per Caluse 208 of IRC 6‐2016 Impact factor are given
In present case, Loading is Tracked 70® and Span is 6.65 m which is more than 5 m but less than 9 m
Impact percentage = 18.81
So Impact factor = 1.188
Considering 1.0 m wide strip,The 1st and 4rth load will be= 35.61526 kN er metre run
Considering 1.0 m wide strip,The 2nd and 3rd load will be= 30.83979 kN er metre run
2
Reaction of soil on the base under Tracked 70R highway Live laod = 19.9865 kN/m
Leff = 6.65 m a for 1st load= 0.242256 a for 3rd load= 0.585865
Fixd End Moment will be a for 2nd load= 0.414135 a for 4rth load= 0.757744
MFAB = ‐93.236 kN‐m per m run W
MFBA = 93.236 kN‐m per m run aL
MFDC = WL^2/12 = 73.653 kN‐m per m run
MFCD = (‐)WL^2/12 = ‐73.653 kN‐m per m run A L B
MFAB = ‐ a(1‐a)^2*W*L
with the help of Table‐1,Net moment at the cornerscan be obtained as below MFBA = ‐ a^2(1‐a)*W*L
MAB = ‐45.88 kN‐m per m run -35.615 kN -35.615 kN
-30.840 kN -30.840 kN
MBA = 45.88 kN‐m per m run
MDC = 31.72 kN‐m per m run
MCD = ‐31.72 kN‐m per m run 1.61 m 1.14 m 1.14 m 1.14 m 1.61 m
The same exercise has been done in following table also A B
Table‐2
JOINT A B C D
MEMBER AD AB BA BC CB CD DC DA
D.F 0.465 0.535 0.535 0.465 0.465 0.535 0.535 0.465
F.E.M 0.000 ‐93.236 93.236 0.000 0.000 ‐73.653 73.653 0.000
DIST 43.358 49.878 ‐49.878 ‐43.358 34.251 39.402 ‐39.402 ‐34.251
C.O ‐17.126 ‐24.939 24.939 17.126 ‐21.679 ‐19.701 19.701 21.679
DIST 19.561 22.503 ‐22.503 ‐19.561 19.243 22.137 ‐22.137 ‐19.243
C.O ‐9.621 ‐11.251 11.251 9.621 ‐9.781 ‐11.068 11.068 9.781
DIST 9.707 11.166 ‐11.166 ‐9.707 9.696 11.154 ‐11.154 ‐9.696 7.65 m 7.65 m
C.O ‐4.848 ‐5.583 5.583 4.848 ‐4.853 ‐5.577 5.577 4.853
DIST 4.851 5.580 ‐5.580 ‐4.851 4.850 5.580 ‐5.580 ‐4.850
C.O ‐2.425 ‐2.790 2.790 2.425 ‐2.425 ‐2.790 2.790 2.425
DIST 2.425 2.790 ‐2.790 ‐2.425 2.425 2.790 ‐2.790 ‐2.425
C.O ‐1.213 ‐1.395 1.395 1.213 ‐1.213 ‐1.395 1.395 1.213
DIST 1.213 1.395 ‐1.395 ‐1.213 1.213 1.395 ‐1.395 ‐1.213
C.O ‐0.606 ‐0.697 0.697 0.606 ‐0.606 ‐0.697 0.697 0.606
DIST 0.606 0.697 ‐0.697 ‐0.606 0.606 0.697 ‐0.697 ‐0.606
C.O ‐0.303 ‐0.349 0.349 0.303 ‐0.303 ‐0.349 0.349 0.303
DIST 0.303 0.349 ‐0.349 ‐0.303 0.303 0.349 ‐0.349 ‐0.303
C.O ‐0.152 ‐0.174 0.174 0.152 ‐0.152 ‐0.174 0.174 0.152 D 6.65 m C
DIST 0.152 0.174 ‐0.174 ‐0.152 0.152 0.174 ‐0.174 ‐0.152
FINAL 45.88 ‐45.88 45.88 ‐45.88 31.73 ‐31.73 31.73 ‐31.73
19.986 kN/m
4.4 Earthquake Load
As Per Earthquake IS Code 1893(Part‐3)‐2014,Clause 4.1.4 says that Box,Pipe and Slab Culvets need not to be designed for Earthquake Forces.
MOMENT DUE TO VARIOUS CASUSES
Table‐3
Type of A B C D
SN Load AD AB BA BC CB CD DC DA
Dead
1 15.51 ‐15.51 15.51 ‐15.51 103.93 ‐103.93 103.93 ‐103.93
Load
Rectangul
2 ar portion 28.18 ‐28.18 28.18 ‐28.18 28.18 ‐28.18 28.18 ‐28.18
of Earth
Pressure
Tringular
portion of
3 80.51 ‐80.51 80.51 ‐80.51 99.13 ‐99.13 99.13 ‐99.13
Earth
Pressure
Water
4 ‐89.46 89.46 ‐89.46 89.46 ‐110.14 110.14 ‐110.14 110.14
Pressure
5 Live Load 45.88 ‐45.88 45.88 ‐45.88 31.72 ‐31.72 31.72 ‐31.72
Hogging Moments
All corners will have maximum hogging moment under Cases 1,2,3 and 5 and this will be Equivalent to Following Situation
Situation‐1 Box empty, earth pressure with live load sucharge Equivalent to 1.2 m height of earth on both side fills
Centre of span AB will have maximum hogging moment under cases 1,2,and 3 and this will be Equivalent to Following cases
Situation‐2 Box empty, earth pressure with live load sucharge Equivalent to 1.2 m height of earth on both side fills after exculding live load on slab
Central portion of walls will have maximum hogging moment under case 1,4 and 5.Case 3 will also be superimposed as the wall will press against earth.
and this will be Eqivalent to followin situation
Situation‐3 Box full, no live load surcharge on side
Centre of span CD will have maximum hogging moment under cases 1,2,and 3 and this will be Equivalent to Following cases
Box empty, earth pressure with live load sucharge Equivalent to 1.2 m height of earth on both side fills after exculding live load on slab
Sagging Moments
Centre of span AB will have maximum sagging moment under case 1,4 and 5.Case 3 will also be superimposed as the wall will press against earth.
and this will be Eqivalent to followin situation
Situation‐3 Box full, no live load surcharge on side
The base slab will have maximum sagging moment under Cases 1,3,4 and 5
hogging Moment at C or D= ‐124.64
Free span sagging Moment under 1 & 5 = 394.8875 kN‐m per m run
Net Maximum sagging Moment = 270.24 kN‐m per m run
The vertical wall will have maximum sagging moment undr cases 1, 2 and 3. Under this condition , hogging moment
This will give sagging moment at A= 124.20 kN‐m per m run
sagging moment at D= 231.24 kN‐m per m run
Maximum sagging Moment works out at 2.825 m = 153.115 kN‐m per m run
The corners can have sagging moment under cases 1 ,3 and 4 Fo this loading, Sagging Moment at top corner=
This will give sagging moment at A or B ‐6.56 kN‐m per m run It means there will be no sagging moment.
This will give sagging moment at C or D ‐92.92 kN‐m per m run It means there will be no sagging moment.
Shear force The shear force in top slab is maximum under cases 1 & 5 Equal to = 121.205 kN per m run
Shear force in base slab = 214.3094 kN per m run
Thrust It will be calculated at the criical section for load causing maximum moments
5 Design of Sections
Maximum Moment th box is 270.24 kN‐m per m run in base slab
and Maximum SF 214.3094 kN
Minimum effective Thickness required for B M = Rubd^2
= 480.2183 mm
d Provided = 562.5 mm > 480.2183 mm OK
Steel required
2
for Sagging Moment Ast= M/(σst*j*d)+T((D/2‐(d‐jd))/(σst*j*d) = 2748.591 mm
Provide 20 mm dia bar of area = 314.1593 mm2
= 114.2983 mm Provide 20 mm @ 100 mm
Hogging Moment = 262.96
Thrust = 229.02
Steel required
2
for Hogging Moment Ast= M/(σst*j*d)‐T((D/2‐(d‐jd))/(σst*j*d) = 1465.883 mm
Provide 20 mm dia bar of area = 314.1593 mm2
= 214.314 mm Provide 20 mm @ 100 mm
Provided Spacing
Provided dia of Bar
MAX. MOMENT
MAX. MOMENT WITHOUT WITH RAILWAY
RAILWAY LOAD LOAD
in mm C/C
Reinforcement for Max Sagging Moment
(in mm)
Section Sagging Moment Sagging Moment Bar Mark
Sagging Moment from STAAD.PRO from STAAD.PRO
190.72 ‐19.14 190.53 ‐19.14 184.21 ‐14.45 1944.23 20.00 mm 161.59 mm C/C b 20 100
TOP SLAB
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
of Span Ends
Centre
BOTTOM SLAB
270.24 ‐10.12 270.45 ‐10.13 202.05 ‐14.81 2710.01 20.00 mm 115.93 mm C/C d 20 100
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Ends
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
Centre Top
Portion End
WALL
153.12 171.07 153.12 171.07 156.14 168.92 1104.06 20.00 mm 284.55 mm C/C e 20 200
Botto
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
m
Provided dia of Bar
Provided Spacing
MAX. MOMENT
MAX. MOMENT WITHOUT WITH RAILWAY
RAILWAY LOAD LOAD
in mm C/C
Reinforcement for Max Hogging Moment
(in mm)
Section Hogging Moment Hogging Moment Bar Mark
Hogging Moment from STAAD.PRO from STAAD.PRO
23.31 115.13 23.42 115.13 25.06 116.35 ‐58.52 20.00 mm ‐5368.09 mm C/C
TOP SLAB
170.08 117.05 170.14 116.97 176.47 121.65 1430.78 20.00 mm 219.57 mm C/C a2 20 200
of Span Ends
Centre
BOTTOM SLAB
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
262.96 229.02 262.90 229.02 233.39 224.32 2005.95 25.00 mm 244.71 mm C/C c 25 200
Ends
170.08 127.14 170.14 127.14 176.47 127.14 1416.29 20.00 mm 221.82 mm C/C
Centre Top
Portion End
WALL
131.43 ‐10.13 131.48 ‐10.13 110.59 ‐14.81 1331.77 20.00 mm 235.90 mm C/C a1 25 200
Botto
262.96 237.53 262.90 237.53 233.39 229.35 1983.48 25.00 mm 247.48 mm C/C
m
Design Requirement Check of Vertical Wall Due to Compressive action
23.753 26.296
TOTAL LOAD = 23.753
wall Design
For t wall Design we require forces @ TOP OF BOTTOM SLAB
UNCRACKED SECTION
0
2
Es= 200000 N/mm
2
X X Ec= 25000 N/mm
2
0.65 0.325 Ec= 12500 N/mm After considering Long term Effect
m= 16
1m
1m
Reinforcement in straight portion in both face=Asc1=Ast1 25 @ 200 2454 mm2
Reinforcement in curved portion in both face=Asc2=Ast2 0 @ 150 0 mm2
2
Area of Concrete in straight portion=A1=B*D = 650000 mm
2
Equivalent concrete area for steel in straight portion=Aequivalent=2*(1.5m‐1)*Asc1 = 112884 mm
2
Total 762884 mm
Area of Concrete in circular portion=A2=π*D2/4 = 0 mm2
Equivalent concrete area for steel in straight portion=Aequivalent=2*(1.5m‐1)*Asc2 = 0 mm2
Total 0 mm2
Inertia for concerete in straight portion=Ie1=1/12*BD3 = 2.29E+10 mm
4
4
Equivalent moment of inertia by steel in straight portion=Aequivalent=2*(1.5m‐1)*Asc1*(D/2‐dc)^2 = 8.38E+09 mm
4
Total 3.13E+10 mm
Inertia for concerete in circular portion=Ie1=πD4/64 0 mm4
Equivalent moment of inertia by steel steel in circular portion=Aequivalent=2*(1.5m‐1)*Asc2*(D‐2dc)^2/8 0 mm4
Total 0 mm4
2
Ae 762884 mm
4
e as per Loading = 738 mm Ie 3.13E+10 mm
2
P= 35.629 t 356.289 Kn σcc'=P/Ae= = 0.467029 N/mm
2
M= 26.296 t‐m 262.9633 Kn‐m σcbc'=M/Ie*B/2= = 2.73E+00 N/mm
b h x a x
Ɛm = ε = 0.00087 ‐ 1000*(650‐154)(650‐154)
3E A d x
3*200*1000*2454*(587.5‐154)
= 4.84E‐04
c/c= 200 100 dceff= 62.5 dia/2= 12.5
acr = (62.5^2 +100^2)^0.5‐12.5 = 105.425
w= (3*acr*Ɛm)/(1+2*(acr‐Cmin)/(h‐x)) = 3*105.425*0.000484/(1+2*(105.425‐40)/(650‐154))
= 0.121159 < 0.2 OK
AS PER IRC 21 GUIDELINE
DESIGN OF WALL
INPUT DATA RESULTS
ITEM WALL TYPE OF COLUMN SHORT COLUMN
SHAPE OF COLUMN REC SECTION IS CRACKED
ENTER DIMENSION OF COLUMN IN T‐ DIR OF BRIDGE AT BOTTOM 1.0 m
ENTER DIMENSION OF COLUMN IN T‐ DIR OF BRIDGE AT TOP 1.0 m PROVIDE
ENTER DIMENSION OF COLUMN IN L‐ DIR OF BRIDGE 0.65 m DIA OF VER.BARS ON OUTER FACE 25 mm
ENTER RADIUS OF END NOSE PORTION 0.00 m DIA OF VER.BARS ON INNER FACE 25 mm
HT. OF COLUMN 7.650 m NO OF VERTICAL BARS ON OUTER FACE 4.5
HEIGHT OF CAP OVER COLUMN 0.000 m
DIA OF VER. BARS ON OUTER FACE 25 mm NO OF VERTICAL BARS ON INNER FACE 4.5
DIA OF VER. BARS ON INNER FACE 25 mm FINAL STRESS IN STEEL 6.925 N/mm2 SAFE
DIA OF VER BARS ON SIDE FACE 0 mm DIA OF VER.BARS 142.3522 N/mm2 SAFE
DIA OF TRANS REINF.(TIE) 10 mm TRANS REINF
NO. OF VER. BARS ON OUTER FACE( LONGITUDINAL) 4.5 12 mm @ 100 mm
NO. OF VER. BARS ON INNER FACE( LONGITUDINAL) 4.5
NO. OF VER BARS ON TRANSVERSE SIDE FACE 0
CLEAR COVER 50 mm
GRADE OF CONCRETE M 25 MPa
GRADE OF STEEL Fe 415 MPa
MODULAR RATIO 10
PER. STRESS IN STEEL 200 Mpa
FORCE AND MOMENT AT WALL BASE
Mxx(T.M) Myy(T.M)
Moment Moment Res
CASE W(T) in L DIR in T DIR Moment
N+T 35.63 26.30 0.00 26.30
X
0
Y Y
0.65 0.325
X L‐Direction of Bridge
1.0 m
1.0 m
EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF COLUMN 7.65 m
2
AREA OF REC PORTION OF COLUMN SECTION 0.65 m
2
AREA OF NOSE PORTION OF COLUMN SECTION 0.000 m
2
TOTAL AREA OF COLUMN 0.650 m
4
MOMENT OF INERTIA OF REC PORTION OF COLUMN SECTION 0.054 m ABOUT L‐DIR OF BRIDGE
4
MOMENT OF INERTIA OF REC PORTION OF COLUMN SECTION 0.023 m ABOUT T‐DIR OF BRIDGE
RADIUS OF GYRATION FOR (Leff/r) RATIO 0.188 m
Leff/r Ratio 40.770
TYPE OF COLUMN SHORT COLUMN
REDUCTION FACTOR FOR COLUMN(β) 1
N+T N+T+W N+T+S
PER. DIRECT COMP. STRESS σac 6.25 MPa 8.313 9.375 PERMISSIBLE STRESS AT 28 DAY/4
PER. FLEXURAL COMP STRESS σc 8.33 MPa 11.083 12.5 PERMISSIBLE STRESS AT 28 DAY/3
PER.TENSILE STRESS 0.61 MPa 0.811 0.915 AS PER IRC 21:2000
PER. STRESS IN STEEL 200 MPa 266 300
TOTAL MIN.REQ
AREA FOR
MIN.REQ AREA FOR DIRECT MIN.REQ AREA FOR BENDING AND
CASE STRESS BENDING STRESS DIRECT STRESS
2 2 2
N+T 0.057 m 0.291 m 0.348 m
2
MIN AREA OF STEEL REQ 0.002 m AREA FOR DIRECT STRESS = WEIGHT AT
2
TOTAL AREA OF STEEL PROVIDED 0.004 m OK BASE/PERMISSIBLE STRESS
% of STEEL PROVIDED 0.68 % AREA OF REINFORCEMENT = IF( GROSS
2
AREA OF CONCRETE 0.650 m AREA)>=AREA FOR BENDING AND DIRECT
2
EQ. AREA OF CONCRETE FOR STEEL 0.040 m AT 1‐(i)0.8% OF AREA FOR DIRECT STRESS
2
EQ. AREA OF CONCRETE FOR STEEL ON COMP. FACE 0.020 m 0.486 m FROM LOAD LINE (ii) 0.3% OF GROSS AREA OF PIER
2
EQ.AREA OF CONCRETE FOR STEEL ON TENSION FACE 0.022 m 0.991 m FROM LOAD LINE
3
SECTION MODULUS OF COLUMN 0.1083 m ABOUT L‐DIR OF BRIDGE OR
3
SECTION MODULUS OF COLUMN 0.070 m ABOUT T‐DIR OF BRIDGE
0.8% OF GROSS SECTIONAL AREA
2
DIRECT STRESS(N+T) σac,cal 0.52 N/mm
2
BENDING STRESS(N+T) σc,cal 3.734 N/mm
CHECK FOR COLUMN AS PER IRC:21,(CL:306.5.3) σcc'/σcc + σcbc'/σcbc < 1
SECTION IS SAFE IN COMPRESSION
SECTION IS CRACKED
NEED TO CHECK AS CRACKED SECTION
FOR GOVERNING CASE
N+T ‐3.218 ‐3.218
‐3.218
GOV. CASE N+T
CHECKING OF COLUMN AS A CRACKED SECTION FOR MOMENT IN L‐DIR
GOV. MOMENT AND FORCE
VERTICAL LOAD AT COLUMN BASE 35.63 T
MOMENT AT COLUMN BASE 26.30 TM
PER. STRESS IN CONCRETE 8.33 MPa
PER. STRESS IN STEEL 200 MPa
Eccentricity 'e'= 0.738 m
2
area of Concerete rec. Portion 0.325 m
2
TOTAL AREA OF STEEL IN TERMS OF CONC 0.040 m
CG OF CONCRETE OF REC. PORTION FROM Centre LINE OF SECTION 0.1625 m
CG OF STEEL CENTRE LINE OF SECTION 0
4 4
Icg of Conc 0.003 m 0.009451 m
4
Ip of Steel 0.026 m
ADD
/SUBT AREA Xp A*Xp A*Xp^2 Icg Ip a e (a‐e)
CONC
(i)REC
PORTION 0.325 0.576 0.187 0.108 0.003 0.111
(ii) NOSE
PORTION 0.166 0.600 0.100 0.060 0.001 0.061
TOTAL
CONC 0.491 0.287 0.172
STEEL 0.040 0.793 0.032 0.026
TOTAL 0.531 0.318 0.198 0.622 ‐0.116
ADD
CONC ‐0.136 ‐0.136 0.670 ‐0.09113 ‐0.061 0.000 ‐0.061
0.395 0.227 0.137 0.602 0.602 0.000
e'= e‐D/2+n
e'= 0.602 m
D/2= 0.325 m
n= 0.189 m
e= 0.738 m
Yc= 0.189 m
Yt= 0.3885 m
Ien= moment of inertia of equivalent section about N.A
b= 1.0 m
Ien= bn^3/3+(mc‐1)*Asc*(n‐dc)^2+mAst*(D‐dt‐n)^2
4
Ien= 0.00585 m
Moment of thrust About NA= 21.4508 T‐m
2 2
Stress in Concrete= M/Ien*y = 692.5243 T/m 6.925243 N/mm SAFE
2 2
Stress in Tensile Steel= = 14235.22 T/m 142.3522 N/mm SAFE
EFFECT OF TRANSVERSE MOMENT
( NOTE:‐ FOR THIS IGNORE STEEL,IT WILL BE ON SAFER SIDE.)
2
EFFECTIVE AREA OF CONCRETE 0.189 m (IGNORING AREA OF CIRCULAR PORTION)
3
SECTION MODULUS OF EFFECTIVE AREA ABOUT L‐DIR. 0.032 m (IGNORING SECTION MODULUS OF CIRCULAR END PORTION)
2
STRESS IN CONCRETE 0 T/m 0 MPa
2
STRESS IN STEEL 0 T/m 0 MPa
2
TOTAL STRESS IN CONCRETE 6.925243 N/mm SAFE
2
TOTAL STRESS IN STEEL 142.3522 N/mm SAFE
TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT IN WALL
(AS PER IRC:21,CL‐306.3)
DIA OF TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT 6.25 mm
Minimum Dia 8 mm
Minimum Dia To be Provided 8 mm
PROVIDED DIA 10 mm O.K
SPACING (PITCH) OF TRANS.REINFORCEMENT 100 mm
HENCE PROVIDE 12 mm @ 100 mm C/C
SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS
As Per STAAD PRO
Max Shear Force = 237.526 kN
2
τc = 0.16*SQRT(25) = 0.8 N/mm
Depth as per requirement of Shear Stress= 296.9075 mm
2
τ = 0.422268 N/mm < τc Safe and not required Shear Reinforcement
So provide Miminmum Shear Reinforcement to intact the bar along barrel length and span 10 mm @200 mm c/c
Provide Haunch as CLS > 6 and <7 m
Cht is > 6 and equal to 7 m
Provide Haunch of 650X650 mm
Provide f1 and f2 25 mm bars @ 200 mm C/c
TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT TOP AND BOTTOM SLAB
In TOP SLAB
MOMENT IN TRANSVERSE DIRECTION= 0.2DL+0.3LL
Maximum Moment at Centre of top slab due to DL = 85.135 kN‐m run per m
Maximum Moment at Centre of top slab due to LL = 96.466 kN‐m run per m
effective Depth of Slab = 584 mm
Area of steel required = 439.6053 mm^2 0.067632 %
minimum reinforcement = 0.15 % 975 mm^2
Provide 12 mm dia bar 115.9973 mm
Provide h bar 12mm dia of bar
APPENDIX‐A STAADPRO INPUT
STAAD SPACE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 11‐Apr‐20
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
Max: 176.468 kNm 176.468 kNm
UNIT METER KN
JOINT COORDINATES 25.063 kNm
176.468 kNm 176.468 kNm
1 0 0 0; 2 0 7.65 0; 3 6.65 7.65 0; 4 6.65 0 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 2; 2 2 3; 3 3 4; 4 4 1; Max: -190.531 kNm
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.17185e+007
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 23.5616
ALPHA 1e‐005
DAMP 0.05 116.531 kNm Max: -156.139 kNm Max: -156.139
116.531
kNm kNm
TYPE CONCRETE
STRENGTH FCU 27579
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
1 TO 4 PRIS YD 0.65 ZD 1
CONSTANTS Max: 270.449 kNm
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
Load 0 : Bending Z
SUPPORTS Moment - kNm
1 TO 4 ENFORCED BUT FZ MX MY MZ
Max: 262.897 kNm Max: 262.897 kNm
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE None TITLE DL
MEMBER LOAD
2 UNI GY ‐18.25
-262.897 kNm Max: -262.897 kNm
4 UNI GY 51.45
*4 UNI GY ‐61.6 1.825 4.825
*4 UNI GY 25.342
LOAD 2 LOADTYPE None TITLE EPRECT Maximum Hogging And Sagging Moment Envelope
MEMBER LOAD
1 3 UNI Y ‐10.8
LOAD 3 LOADTYPE None TITLE EPTRIA
MEMBER LOAD
1 LIN Y ‐68.85 0
3 LIN Y 0 ‐68.85
LOAD 4 LOADTYPE None TITLE WPTRIA
MEMBER LOAD
1 LIN Y 76.5 0
3 LIN Y 0 76.5
Max: 127.136 kN
LOAD 5 LOADTYPE None TITLE LL
MEMBER LOAD 20.977 kN
Max: -121.653 kN 0 kN -20.977 Max:
kN 121.653 kN
2 CON GY ‐35.6153 1.611
Max: -127.136 kN
2 CON GY ‐30.8398 2.754
2 CON GY ‐30.8398 3.896
2 CON GY ‐35.6153 5.039
4 UNI GY 19.9865
LOAD 6 LOADTYPE None TITLE DLRAIL
MEMBER LOAD
4 UNI GY ‐16 1.825 4.825
13.661
-14.505
kNkN -13.661
14.505kN
kN
4 UNI GY 6.57
LOAD 7 LOADTYPE None TITLE LLRAIL
MEMBER LOAD
4 UNI GY ‐45.6 1.825 4.825
4 UNI GY 18.76
LOAD COMB 8 1+2+3+5
1 1.0 2 1.0 3 1.0 5 1.0 Max: 237.526 kN