ACCOUNTING LOGIC BETWEEN MODERN AND ISLAMIC

By: Dhivena Leanti Ardhan - 185020307141002

The public in general are more familiar with Modern accounting than Sharia
Accounting, it is due to the lack of understanding of the two differences in the accounting
system used between Modern accounting and Sharia accounting. Sharia accounting is a
science of accounting which has concepts in Sharia law that have been established by Allah
SWT through Al-Quran, Hadith and Ijma Ulama. Basically accounting practices at the time
of the Prophet began to develop after there was a command from God through the Koran to
record transactions that are not cash (Al-Quran 2: 282) and to pay zakat.
Modern accounting itself focuses on the implementation of the work of managers in
maintaining investments entrusted by the owner or creditor to himself. Profit is of course the
main achievement. Regarding ideology, accounting is influenced by various ideologies, but
the most dominant is the ideology of capitalism. This is also agreed by a variety of expert
views, one of which is Harahap (2001) who said that the modern accounting science that is
developing today is based on the spirit of capitalism and the economic development of
capitalism is strongly influenced by the development of conventional accounting.
A logical example of Islamic accounting and modern accounting. An authentic
Indonesian and Korean food restaurant is checking their financial reports every month. This
restaurant adheres to a different accounting base. Profit calculation is number one for
Indonesian food restaurants such as the calculation for trade profits and principal capital. This
restaurant does not think about whether profits are for good or not. Anything that causes
profits for the restaurant will be considered as profit in recording their financial statements.
Not only that, they apply the practice of backing up & research of the agreement of all losses
in the calculation.
In contrast to Korean food restaurants, they distinguish between profits from basic
activities and profits that come from capital principal with profits derived from transactions
in the recording of their financial statements. Because according to the restaurant owner, this
makes it easy to sort so that it does not cause harm to any party. No mixing of income will
prevent grants and corruption. In addition, restaurant owners also apply the recording of
sources of income which is very necessary to avoid money that is not clear. Last one, this
restaurant as much as possible to avoid profits from sources that are less trusted as a result of
the cooperation of sponsors involving the continuity of the restaurant. As much as possible
the owner sorting out and choosing what kind of cooperation that will avoid illicit profits.

Islamic accounting teaches us as human beings not to seek profit alone, but also to
seek God's pleasure in all the activities we do. In addition, in Islamic accounting we are also
required to behave in accordance with good ethics among fellow human beings. We must not
only think about our own interests, but we must also remember that in some of our
possessions there are other people's rights that we must fulfill.