Table 1.

Magnetic Force and Magnetic Field

Low voltage AC/DC Power Supply Setting:
Voltage: maximum
Current: I = 5 Amps
Current Loop: (choose any) SF 37
Balance initial reading: 0 g

Number of magnets Magnetic force (g) Magnetic force (N)

2 0.2 0.00196
3 0.3 0.00294
4 0.4 0.00392
5 0.5 0.00490
6 0.6 0.00588

Table 2. Magnetic Force and Current

Low voltage AC/DC Power Supply Setting:
Voltage: maximum
Current: 0 to 5 Amps (0.5 increment)
Current Loop: (choose any) SF 38
Balance initial reading: 0 g

Current, I (A) Magnetic force (g) Magnetic force (N)

0.0 0 0
0.5 0 0
1.0 0.1 0.00098
1.5 0.2 0.00196
2.0 0.3 0.00294
2.5 0.3 0.00294
3.0 0.4 0.00392
3.5 0.4 0.00392
4.0 0.5 0.0049
4.5 0.5 0.0049
5.0 0.6 0.00588

Table 3. Magnetic Force and Length of Current Loop

Low voltage AC/DC Power Supply Setting:
Voltage: maximum
Current: 2 Amps
Current Loop: all
Balance initial reading: 0 g

Current Loop Length, L Magnetic force (g) Magnetic force (N)

SF 40 1.2 0.1 0
SF 37 2.2 0.2 0.00196
SF 39 3.2 0.4 0.00392
 SF 38 4.2 0.5 0.0049
SF 41 6.4 0.7 0.00686
SF 42 8.4 0.9 0.00882

Table 4. Magnetic Force and Orientation of Coil

Low voltage AC/DC Power Supply Setting:
Voltage: maximum
Current: 2 Amps (max. allowable)
Coil: Current Balance Accessory Unit
Balance initial reading: 0 g

Angle, 𝜃 Magnetic force (g) Magnetic force (N) Angle,

0 0 0 0
10 0 0 -10
20 0.1 0.00098 -20
30 0.2 0.00196 -30
40 0.3 0.00294 -40
50 0.4 0.00392 -50
60 0.5 0.0049 -60
70 0.5 0.0049 -70
80 0.6 0.00588 -80
90 0.6 0.00588 -90
 Number of magnetic vs. Magnetic Force (g)
0.7

0.6
f(x) = 0.1 x + 9.93013661298909E-17
R² = 1
0.5

Magnetic force (g)

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5
Number of magnets

Current (A) vs. Magnetic Force (g)

0.7

0.6
f(x) = 0.060909090909091 x − 0.065454545454545
0.5 R² = 0.971645021645022
Magnetic Force (g)

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Current (A)

1
0.9 f(x) = 0.110643745427944 x − 0.0054133138
0.8 R² = 0.984403911528035

0.7
Magnetic force in g

0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Length in cm
 Mag
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Length in cm

ntation of Coil

Magnetic force (g) Magnetic𝜃 force (N)

0 0
0 0
-0.1 -0.00098
-0.2 -0.00196
-0.3 -0.00294
-0.4 -0.00392
-0.5 -0.0049
-0.5 -0.0049
-0.6 -0.00588
-0.6 -0.00588
etic Force (g)
First, the magnitude of the magnetic force is proportional to
the magnitude of the charge.

Second, the magnitude of the force is also proportional to

the strength of the field.

Third, the magnetic force depends on the particle’s velocity.

Fourth, the magnetic force does not have the same

direction as the magnetic field, but instead is always
perpendicular to both B and r.

4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5

orce (g)

545

8 10 12

f(x) = 0.110643745427944 x − 0.005413313825896

R² = 0.984403911528035

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Length in cm
I. Laws of Reflection
Table 1. Laws of Reflection
Trial Angle of Incidence
1 10°
2 20°
3 30°
4 40°

II. Number of Images Formed From Two Plane Mirrors

Table 2. Number of Images

Trial Angle Between Plane Mirrors, 𝜃

1 10
2 15
3 30
4 45
5 60
6 75
7 90
8 120

III. Determination of Focal Length and Radius

Table 3. Determination of Focal Length and Radius
Type of Mirror Convex
Focal length, f 5.8
Experimental radius of curvature, R experimental 11.6
Actual radius of curvature, R actual 10.6
Percentage error, % 9.43396226415094

IV. Determination of Focal Length with Varying Object and Image Distance
Table 4. Object Distance Greater than Image Distance
Trial Object Distance
1 30
2 40
3 50
4 60
Average focal length, cm 8.49
Actual focal length, cm 9
Percentage of Difference 5.83190394511149

Table 5. Image Distance Greater than Object Distance

Trial Object Distance
 1 30
2 34.2
3 37.5
4 42.5
Average focal length, cm 8.84576321225867
Actual focal length, cm 9
Percentage of difference, % 1.72855356094139

Table 6. Object Distance Equal to the Image Distance

Trial Object Distance
1 20
2 20
3 20
4 20
Average focal length, cm 8.24
Actual focal length, cm 9
Percentage of difference, % 8.81670533642691
 Angle of Reflection
10°
20°
30°
40°

Number of Images Formed, I

Observed Calculated
32 35
24 23
11 11
7 7
5 5
4 3.8
3 3
2 2

Concave
6
12
11.6
3.44827586206897

tance

Image Distance Computed Focal Length

12 8.57142857142857
12 9.23076923076923
10 8.33333333333333
9 7.82608695652174

Image Distance Computed Focal Length

 11 8.04878048780488
11 8.32300884955752
13 9.65346534653465
12 9.35779816513761

Image Distance Computed Focal Length

14 8.24
14 8.24
14 8.24
14 8.24