EXPERIMENT-1

MODELLING OF DC-DC CONVERTERS

AIM: To design and implement the dc – dc converters by using simulation and determining
characteristic graphs

SOFTWARE: MAT LAB R2014a

THERY: A DC-DC converter is a power electronics device that accepts a DC input

voltage and also provides a DC output voltage. The output voltage of DC to DC
converter can be greater than the input voltage or vice versa. The converter output voltages
are used to match the power supply required to the loads these are classified as DC to DC
buck converter, DC to DC boost converter, and DC to DC buck-boost converter.

1)BUCK CONVERTER:

A Buck converter is a switch mode DC to DC electronic converter in which the output

voltage will be transformed to level less than the input voltage. It is also called as step down
converter. The name step down converter comes from the fact that analogous to step down
transformer the input voltage is stepped down to a level less than the input voltage. By law of
conservation of energy the input power has to be equal to output power (assuming no losses
in the circuit).

Input power (Pin) = output power (Pout)

Since Vin > Vout in a buck converter, it follows then that the output current will be greater
than the input current. Therefore in buck converter

Vin > Vout and Iin <Iout

Principle of operation of Buck converter

The main working principle of buck converter is that the inductor in the input circuit resists
sudden variations in input current. When switch is ON the inductor stores energy in the form
of magnetic energy and discharges it when switch is closed. The capacitor in the output
circuit is assumed large enough that the time constant of RC circuit in the output stage is
high. The large time constant compared to switching period ensures a constant output voltage
Vo(t) = Vo(constant)

2)BUCK CONVERTER:

A Boost converter is a switch mode DC to DC converter in which the output voltage is

greater than the input voltage. It is also called as step up converter. The name step up
converter comes from the fact that analogous to step up transformer the input voltage is
stepped up to a level greater than the input voltage. By law of conservation of energy the
input power has to be equal to output power (assuming no losses in the circuit).

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Input power (Pin) = output power (Pout)

SinceVin < Vout in a boost converter, it follows then that the output current is less than the
input current. Therefore in boost converter

Vin < Vout and Iin >Iout

Principle of operation of Boost converter

The main working principle of boost converter is that the inductor in the input circuit resists
sudden variations in input current. When switch is OFF the inductor stores energy in the form
of magnetic energy and discharges it when switch is closed. The capacitor in the output
circuit is assumed large enough that the time constant of RC circuit in the output stage is
high. The large time constant compared to switching period ensures a constant output voltage
Vo(t) = Vo(constant)

3)BUCK BOOST CONVERTER:

A Buck converter is a switch mode DC to DC converter in which the output voltage can be
transformed to a level less than or greater than the input voltage. The magnitude of output
voltage depends on the duty cycle of the switch.It is also called as step up/step down
converter. The name step up/step down converter comes from the fact that analogous to step
up/step down transformer the input voltage can be stepped up/down to a level greater
than/less than the input voltage. By law of conservation of energy the input power has to be
equal to output power (assuming no losses in the circuit).

Input power (Pin) = output power (Pout)

In step up mode Vin < Vout in a Buck Boost converter, it follows then that the output current
will be less than the input current. Therefore for a Buck Boost converter in step up mode

Vin < Vout and Iin >Iout

In step down mode Vin > Vout in a Buck Boost converter, it follows then that the output
current will be greater than the input current. Therefore for a Buck Boost converter in step
down mode

Vin >Vout and Iin <Iout

Principle of operation of Buck converter

The main working principle of Buck Boost converter is that the inductor in the input circuit
resists sudden variations in input current. When switch is ON the inductor stores energy from
the input in the form of magnetic energy and discharges it when switch is closed. The
capacitor in the output circuit is assumed large enough that the time constant of RC circuit in
the output stage is high. The large time constant compared to switching period ensures that in
steady state a constant output voltage Vo(t) = Vo(constant) exists across load terminals.

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BASIC CONVERTER CIRCUITS:

A)BUCK CONVERTER:

BASIC CITCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig1: Block diagram of buck converter

SIMULINK CIRCUIT:

Fig2: Simulation diagram of buck converter

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COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

Component Rating Quantity

Voltage source 220 v 1
Resistance 50 ohms 1
Inductance 0.25 H 1
Capacitor 25 micro farad 1
IGBT Switch - 1
Diode - 1

RESULTANT WAVE FORMS:

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