DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

IIT DELHI

EXPERIMENT NO -5
TO STUDY THE PERFORMANCE OF THE
DC-DC BOOST CONVERTER

Objectives:

To obtain the voltage boosting characteristic, against duty ratio variation, of a

given non-isolated boost converter and then studying its load voltage regulation
against source and load variations.

Apparatus Required:
S. No Name Qty

1 DC-DC Boost Converter Trainer & accessories 3

2 Regulated power Supply (0-30V, 2A, 0-15V, 1 A) 1

3 Rheostat (230 ohm, 2A) 1
4 Multi-meter 1
5 Differential Probe 1
6 Current Probe 1
7 Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO) 1
8 Connecting wires, power cables etc

1
Experimental Setup:
DC-DC Boost Converter:

Fig 1. Basic Circuit Diagram of Boost Converter.

MOSFET Based Boost Converter (VSMPS 06A) Trainer Kit:

 One power MOSFET IRF840 used as power switch with suitable heat sink
 TL494 IC based PWM Controller
 One high speed opto-isolator provided for PWM isolation
 Driver -IR2110 used to drive power switch
 A transformer provided for isolation
 Power circuit I/P voltage +15V DC. Load/ output voltage (0 - 25), Load of 1 Amp
 One fuse provided for protection
 Voltage feedback from the output for closed loop operation
 L & C Provided for filtering

2
 Duty Ratio PWM
Open Generator
Adjustment
loop/Closed Chip
Rotating
Loop Switch
Knob

Diode
High
Frequency
Inductor
MOSFET
Output
Input
Terminals
Terminals

Fig. 2. Layout of Trainer Kit.

3
 TL494 Pulse-Width-Modulation Controlling IC
The TL494 device incorporates all the functions required for generating a pulse-width-
modulation (PWM) control signal along with provision to add passive components to realize
controllers on a single chip. The TL494 device contains two error amplifiers, an on-chip adjustable
oscillator, a dead-time control (DTC) comparator, a pulse-steering control flip-flop, a 5-V, 5%-
precision regulator, and output-control circuits.

Fig. 3. Functional block diagram

Table 1. Functions of Different pins [5]

4
 Fig.4. Operational Test Circuit of TL494 PWM IC and Waveforms [5].

Procedure:
Please refer to the Figs. 2, 3 and 4 for the port and terminals mentioned in the procedure and
follow the same procedure for three converters.

Please check the circuit by the instructor/ supervisor before switch-ON the power supply.

Fixed Duty-Ratio Operation (indicated as "Open Loop" in Fig. 2 of trainer kit)

1. Connect 230 V AC, 50 Hz power supply to the DC-DC converter trainer kit and switch-
ON the power switch for control circuit.
2. Check the PWM pulses at the terminals "G" - "S" (indicated on the front panel of the
trainer kit) using DSO.
3. Connect the "PWM output port" (from TL494 IC) to "PWM input port" with patch-card
cable of the trainer kit.

5
 4. Connect the P1(+ve) & P2(+ve) terminals with the positive and negative terminals of
regulated dc power supply and adjust it as per the input voltage range written on the trainer
kit.
5. Connect the P5(+ve) & P6(+ve) terminals with resistive load and keep its resistance value
such that load/ output current does not exceed 0.5 ampere.
6. Flip the toggle switch (X) towards "open loop" mode.
7. Switch on the regulated power supply.
8. Record the results of the following parameters as mentioned in the result section with
different load resistance, different input voltages, duty ratios with the help of multi-meter,
DSO, current probe and differential probe.
9. Vary the input DC voltage and resistive load resistance slowly at the time of recording
results.
10. Switch-OFF the regulated power supply.
11. Switch off the 230 V, 50 Hz single phase AC supply to the trainer kit to turn off the gate
pulse.

Closed Loop Operation

12. Connect the 230 V AC, 50 Hz power supply to the DC-DC converter trainer kit and switch-
ON the power switch for control circuit.
13. Check the output PWM pulses from "PWM output port".
14. Connect the "PWM output port" with patch card cable to "PWM input port" of the trainer
kit.
15. Connect the P1(+ve) & P2(+ve) terminals with the positive and negative terminals of
regulated dc power supply and adjust it as per the input voltage range written on the trainer
kit.
16. Connect the P5(+ve) & P6(+ve) terminals with resistive load and keep the resistance value
such that output current does not exceed 1 ampere.
17. Connect the feedback voltage output port with feedback voltage input port with the given
cord or cable provided by the trainer kit manufacturer.
18. Flip the toggle switch (X) towards "closed loop" mode.
19. Switch on the regulated power supply.

6
 20. Record the results of the following parameters as mentioned in the result section with
different load resistance, different input voltages, duty ratios with the help of multi-meter,
DSO, current probe and differential probe.
21. Vary the input DC voltage and resistive load resistance slowly at the time of recording
results.
22. Switch-OFF the regulated power supply.
23. Switch-OFF the 230 V, 50 Hz single phase AC supply to the trainer kit to turn off the gate
pulse.

Observations & Results:

Limitation and issues of the trainer kits:

 During open loop operation of boost converter with resistive load, it was observed that
the load/ output voltage boosting is restricted due to limitation of duty ratio range (0 ~
40%).

DC-DC Boost Converter

Take the readings for different value of load resistances by varying the resistance (rheostat
connected at output/ load). For each value of load resistance vary the dc-input voltage.

Measure the input current ( Iin ), output current ( Iout ), input voltage ( Vin ), output voltage ( Vout ) in
oscilloscope; duty ratio (D) from PWM pulse given at the gate to source terminal and efficiency (
)

Vin DT  Vin  Vout 1  D  T  0

Vout 1
 
Vin 1 D

1
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 1−𝐷 × 𝑉𝑖𝑛 (1)

1
𝑀 = 1−𝐷 (2)

7
 Ton V Vout  I out
D  1  in   100
Ton  Toff Vout Vin  I in

𝑉𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 −𝑉𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
𝑉. 𝑅𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = | | (3)
𝑉𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙

Sample observations and characteristics:

1.)Varying the input dc voltage (Closed loop operation) at fixed load resistance at 100 Ω
[nominal Load]):

Table 2.

Vg(V) Ig(A) Io(A) Vo(V) Pi(W) Po(W) Efficiency(%)

12 1.40 0.38 37.1 17.08 16.8 83.91667

12.2 1.42 0.395 37.71 17.324 14.89545 85.98159

12.4 1.42 0.395 38.13 17.608 15.06135 85.53697

12.6 1.42 0.40 39.5 17.892 15.8 88.30762

12.8 1.46 0.41 39.68 18.688 16.2688 87.05479

13.0 1.46 0.42 38.96 18.98 16.3632 86.21286

13.2 1.51 0.425 40.58 19.932 17.2465 86.52669

13.4 1.52 0.43 41.18 20.368 17.7074 86.93735

13.6 1.56 0.435 41.78 21.216 18.1743 85.66318

13.8 1.58 0.445 42.51 21.804 18.91695 86.75908

14 1.6 0.45 43.15 22.4 19.4175 86.68527

8
 1.65
I
N 1.6
P
U
1.55
T

1.5
C
U
R 1.45
R
E 1.4
N
T
1.35
12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5
INPUT VOLTAGE

Fig.5. Input Voltage vs. Input Current Characteristics [Table 2]

2.) Varying the load resistance (Closed loop operation):

Table 3.

Vg(V) Ig(A) Io(A) Vo(V) Pi(W) Po(W) Efficienc Load V.R

y (%) (ohm) (Eq.3)[Vno
minal=48V) (%)
15 1.72 0.475 45.9 25.8 21.8025 84.50581 100 0.1696

15 1.43 0.393 47.0 21.45 18.471 86.11189 120 0.2035

15 1.25 0.355 47.5 18.75 16.8625 89.93333 140 0.4071

15 1.11 0.305 47.9 16.65 14.6095 87.74474 160 0.6784

15 0.99 0.27 48.1 14.85 12.987 87.45455 180 0.3731

15 0.9 0.245 48.4 13.5 11.858 87.83704 200 0.4410

9
 O
0.46
U
T 0.45
P 0.44
U
0.43
T
C 0.42
U 0.41
R
0.4
R
E 0.39
N 0.38
T 0.37
36 38 40 42 44

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

Fig. 6. Output Voltage vs. Output Current Characteristics [Table 3]

91
E
F 90
I
89
C
I 88
E
87
N
C 86
Y
85

84
10 15 20 25

OUTPUT POWER(W)

Fig. 7.Output power vs. Efficiency Characteristics [Table 3]

10
 2
I
1.8
N
P 1.6
U 1.4
T 1.2

C 1
U 0.8
R 0.6
R
0.4
E
N 0.2
T 0
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

OUTPUT POWER (W)

Fig. 8. Output power vs. Input Current Characteristics [Table 3]

3.) Varying the duty ratio (Open Loop Mode):

3.1.) RL=100 Ω:

Table 4. Varying Duty Ration for a fixed Load

D(%) Vg(V) Ig(A) Io(A) Vo(Computed Vo(V) Pi(W) Po(W) Efficiency M(Vo/Vg)
from Eq. [1] ) (%) (Computed
from Eq.[2])
2.5 15 0.14 0.147 15.3846154 14.62 2.1 2.00294 95.3781 0.974667

5 15 0.150 0.150 15.7894737 15.03 2.25 2.17935 96.86 1.002

10 15 0.16 0.160 16.6666667 15.87 2.4 2.36463 98.52625 1.058

15 15 0.18 0.168 17.6470588 16.8 2.7 2.6544 98.31111 1.12

20 15 0.21 0.176 18.75 17.84 3.15 2.96144 94.01397 1.189333

23.6 15 0.23 0.186 19.6335079 18.67 3.45 3.28592 95.24406 1.244667

11
 3.2.) RL=200 Ω:

Table 5. Varying duty ratio at a lighter load

D(%) Vg(V) Ig(A) Io(A) Vo(Computed Vo(V) Pi(W) Po(W) Efficiency M(Vo/Vg)
from Eq. [1] ) (%) (Computed
from Eq.[2])
2 15 0.08 0.071 15.3846154 14.83 1.2 1.05293 87.74417 0.988667

5 15 0.08 0.072 15.7894737 15.21 1.2 1.09512 91.26 1.014

10 15 0.08 0.073 16.6666667 16.09 1.2 1.17457 97.88083 1.072667

15 15 0.1 0.085 17.6470588 17.45 1.5 1.48325 98.88333 1.163333

20 15 0.12 0.092 18.75 19.27 1.8 1.77284 98.49111 1.284667

22.7 15 0.14 0.1 19.6335079 20.67 2.1 2.067 98.42857 1.378

1.4
V
O
L
T
A
1.2
G
E

G
A LOAD(200 OHM)
I 1
N

LOAD(100 OHM)

0.8
0 5 10 15 20 25
DUTY RATIO(%)

Fig. 9. Voltage Gain Characteristics for the above two cases of Load [Table 4 and Table 5].

Please go through the data sheets, manuals and text books mentioned in the
reference for better understanding and also follow Power Electronics Textbooks.

12
References:
1. www.ti.com/lit/an/slva372c/slva372c.pd
2. www.ti.com/lit/an/slva477a/slva477a.pdf
3. www.ti.com.cn/cn/lit/an/slva535a/slva535a.pdf
4. www.vimicrosystems.com/vi/.../Power%20Electronics%20Trainers.pdf
5. www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tl494.pdf
6. Fundamental of power electronics by Robert W. Erickson and D. Maksimovic.
7. Power electronics circuits, devices and applications by Muhammad H. Rashid

13