BME 301 Fall 2016 Thursday Sept 22, 2016

Homework #5 Solutions

Due: Thursday September 29, 2016 at the beginning of class

Problem 10 Page 127

% Prob 10 Use the routine sig_noise to generate a waveform containing a 200 and 400 Hz sine
% waves as in Problem 9, but add noise so that the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is -8 dB; i.e.,
% x = sig_noise([200 400], -8,N) where N = 512.
% Plot the magnitude spectrum, but only plot the non-redundant points (1 to N/2).
% Repeat for an SNR of -16 dB. Note that the two sinusoids are hard to distinguish at the higher (-16 dB) noise level.
%
close all; clear all;
N = 512;
fs = 1000; % Assumed by sig_noise
f = (0:N-1)*fs/(N-1); % Freqeuency vector for plotting
x = sig_noise([200 400],-8,N); % Generate waveform
X = abs(fft(x)); % Calculate magnitude spectrum
plot(f(1:N/2),X(1:N/2)); % Plot only non-redundant points
xlabel('Freqeuncy Hz'); ylabel('|X(f)|');
title('SNR = -8 dB');
figure; % Repeat for SNR of -16 dB
x = sig_noise([200 400],-16,N);
X = abs(fft(x));
plot(f(1:N/2),X(1:N/2));
xlabel('Freqeuncy Hz'); ylabel('|X(f)|');
title('SNR = -16 dB');

SNR = -8 dB
140 SNR = -16 dB
60

120
50

100
40

80
|X(f)|

|X(f)|

30
60

20
40

10
20

0 0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Freqeuncy Hz Freqeuncy Hz
Problem 11

% Prob 11 Use the routine sig_noise to generate a waveform containing 200 and 400 Hz sine waves
% as in Problem 9 and 10 with an SNR of -12 dB with 1000 points. Plot the non-redundant
% points in the magnitude spectrum. Repeat for the same SNR, but for a signal with only 100 points.
% Note that the two sinusoids are hard to distinguish with the smaller data sample.
%
close all; clear all;
N = 512;
fs = 1000; % Assumed by sig_noise
f = (0:N-1)*fs/(N-1); % Frequency vector for plotting
x = sig_noise([200 400],-12,N); % Generate waveform
X = abs(fft(x)); % Calculate magnitude spectrum
plot(f(1:N/2),X(1:N/2)); % Plot only non-redundant points
xlabel('Freqeuncy Hz'); ylabel('|X(f)|');
title('SNR = -12 dB, N = 512');
figure; % Repeat for N = 200
N = 100;
f = (0:N-1)*fs/(N-1); % Freqeuency vector for plotting
x = sig_noise([200 400],-12,N);
X = abs(fft(x));
plot(f(1:N/2),X(1:N/2));
xlabel('Freqeuncy Hz'); ylabel('|X(f)|');
title('SNR = -12B, N = 100');
%Note that the two sinusoids are difficult to distinguish with the smaller
%data length. Thus, from problem 10 we see that noise level and in problem
%11 that data length are important when detecting sinusoids.

SNR = -12 dB, N = 512 SNR = -12B, N = 100

90 30

80
25
70

60
20

50
|X(f)|

|X(f)|

15
40

30
10

20

5
10

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Freqeuncy Hz
Freqeuncy Hz
Problem 12 Page 127

% Prob 3.12 Generate the signal shown in Problem 2 on page 124 and use MATLAB to
% find both the magnitude and phase spectrum of this signal.
% Assume that the period, T, is 1 sec. and assume a sampling frequency
% of 500 Hz; hence you will need to use 500 points to generate the signal.
% Plot only the non-redundant points on both the magnitude and phase curve.
%
clear all; close all;
fs = 500; % Sampling frequency
N = 500; % Number of points for 1 sec of data
t = (1:N)/fs; % Time vector for ploting and signal generation
f = (1:N)*fs/N; % Frequency vector for plotting
x = 2* [t(1:N/2) -t(1:N/2)]; % Generate x(t)
plot(t,x); % Plot x(t)
xlabel('Time (sec)'); ylabel('x(t)');
X = fft(x); % Calculate complex FT
Mag = abs(X); % Get magnitude spectrum
Phase = angle(X); % Get phase spectrum
figure; % Plot spectra
subplot(1,2,1);
plot(f(1:20),Mag(1:20),'*');
xlabel('Frequency(Hz)'); ylabel('|X(f)|');
subplot(1,2,2);
plot(f(1:20),Phase(1:20),'*');
xlabel('Frequency(Hz)'); ylabel('Phase(f) (rad)');

1 200 0

0.8 180

0.6 160 -0.5

0.4 140

0.2 120 -1
Phase(f) (rad)
|X(f)|
x(t)

0 100

-0.2 80 -1.5

-0.4
60

-0.6
40 -2
-0.8
20

-1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 -2.5
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
Time (sec)
Frequency(Hz) Frequency(Hz)
Problem 13 Page 127
% 13) Repeat Problem 12 using the signal in Problem 4 on page 125,
% but generate the signal between –T/2 and +T/2 (i.e., x = t; for t = (-N/2:N/2); ).
% Also plot the phase in degrees; i.e., scale by 360/(2?).
%
clear all; close all;
fs = 500; % Sampling frequency
N = 500; % Number of points for 1 sec of data
t = (-N/2:N/2)/fs; % Time vector for signal generation and plotting
f = (1:N)*fs/N; % Frequency vector for plotting
x = t; % Generate x(t)
plot(t,x); % Plot x(t)
xlabel('Time (sec)'); ylabel('x(t)');
X = fft(x); % Calcualate FT
Mag = abs(X); % Get magnitude spectrum
Phase = angle(X)*360/(2*pi) % Get phase spectrum
figure; % Plot spectra
subplot(1,2,1);
plot(f(1:20),Mag(1:20),'*');
xlabel('Frequency(Hz)'); ylabel('|X(f)|');
subplot(1,2,2);
plot(f(1:20),Phase(1:20),'*');
xlabel('Frequency(Hz)'); ylabel('Phase(f) (rad)');

0.5
80 100

0.4
90
70
0.3
80
60
0.2
70
0.1 50
60

Phase(f) (rad)
x(t)

|X(f)|

0
40 50
-0.1
40
30
-0.2
30
20
-0.3
20
-0.4 10
10

-0.5
-0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0 0
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
Time (sec)
Frequency(Hz) Frequency(Hz)
Problem 14 Page 127
%14) Repeat Problem 13 for the signal in Problem 4 on page 125,
% but generate the signal between 0 and T.
%
clear all; close all;
fs = 500; % Sampling frequency
N = 500; % Number of points for 1 sec of data
t = (1:N)/fs; % Time vector for signal generation and plotting
f = (1:N)*fs/N; % Frequency vector for plotting
x = 2*[t(1:N/2) t(1:N/2)-.5]; % Generate x(t)
plot(t,x);
xlabel('Time (sec)'); ylabel('x(t)');
X = fft(x); % Calculate FT
Mag = abs(X); % Get magnitude
Phase = angle(X)*360/(2*pi); % Get phasem convert to deg
figure; % Plot spectra
subplot(1,2,1);
plot(f(1:20),Mag(1:20),'*');
xlabel('Frequency(Hz)'); ylabel('|X(f)|');
subplot(1,2,2);
plot(f(1:20),Phase(1:20),'*');
xlabel('Frequency(Hz)'); ylabel('Phase(f) (rad)');
figure;
Phase = unwrap(angle(X))*360/(2*pi); % Unwarp phase and convert to deg.
subplot(1,2,1); % Plot new spectra
plot(f(1:20),Mag(1:20),'*');
xlabel('Frequency(Hz)'); ylabel('|X(f)|');
subplot(1,2,2);
plot(f(1:20),Phase(1:20),'*');
xlabel('Frequency(Hz)'); ylabel('Phase(f) (rad)');
1 160 100

0.8 80
140
0.6 60
120
0.4 40
100
0.2 20
Phase(f) (rad)
|X(f)|
x(t)

0 80 0

-0.2 -20
60
-0.4 -40
40
-0.6 -60
20
-0.8 -80

-1 0 -100
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
Time (sec) Frequency(Hz) Frequency(Hz)

160 0

140 -500

120
-1000

100
Phase(f) (rad)

-1500
|X(f)|

80
-2000
60

-2500
40

20 -3000

0 -3500
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
Frequency(Hz) Frequency(Hz)