Akash (missile)

Akash (IAST: Ākāśa "Sky") is a medium-range mobile

Akash
surface-to-air missile defense system developed by the
Defence Research and Development Organisation
(DRDO) and produced by Bharat Dynamics Limited
(BDL) for Missile Systems, Bharat Electronics (BEL),
Tata Power Strategic Engineering Division and Larsen &
Toubro[3] for other radars, control centers, launcher
systems in India.[4][5][6] The missile system can target
aircraft up to 30 km away, at altitudes up to 18,000 m.[7]
It has the capability to neutralize aerial targets like fighter
jets, cruise missiles and air-to-surface missiles as well as
ballistic missiles.[8][9][10][11] It is in operational service
with the Indian Army and the Indian Air Force. Akash missile display during Republic Day
Parade in New Delhi.
An Akash battery comprises a single Rajendra 3D
Type Mobile Surface-to-air
passive electronically scanned array radar and four
missile system
launchers with three missiles each, all of which are
interlinked. Each battery can track up to 64 targets and Place of origin India
attack up to 12 of them. The missile has a 60 kg (130 lb) Service history
high-explosive, pre-fragmented warhead with a proximity
fuse. The Akash system is fully mobile and capable of In service 2009-present
protecting a moving convoy of vehicles. The launch Used by Indian Army
platform has been integrated with both wheeled and Indian Air Force
tracked vehicles. While the Akash system has primarily
Production history
been designed as an air defence SAM, it also has been
tested in a missile defense role. The system provides air Manufacturer Bharat Dynamics Limited
defence missile coverage for an area of 2,000 km². The Bharat Electronics Limited
Indian military's combined orders of the Akash, including Defence Research and
radar systems (WLR and Surveillance), have a total Development Organisation
worth of ₹ 23,300 crore (US$4 billion).[12][13][14] Larsen & Toubro Limited
Ordnance Factory Board
Tata Power Strategic
Contents Engineering Division
Produced 2009-present
Description
System No. built 3000 missiles[1]
Missile Variants Akash 1S
Propulsion Specifications
Radars
Mass 720 kg (1,590 lb)
Platforms
Length 578 cm (228 in)
Development and history
Diameter 30 cm (12 in) - 35 cm
Mark-I
(14 in)
Variants
Akash-1S
Mark-II Warhead High-explosive,
 Akash-NG fragmentation

Status Warhead weight 60 kg (130 lb)

Indian Air Force Detonation
Indian Army mechanism Radio proximity fuze
Optical proximity fuze
Deployment
(under development)
Operators
Export
Engine
See also Solid booster and
integral rocket/ramjet
References
sustainer motor
External links
Dual-pulse solid rocket
motor (under
development)
Description
Propellant Solid fuel
Operational
System range 25 km (16 mi) (Akash
Mk.1/1S)
30 km (19 mi) - 35 km
(22 mi) (Akash Mk.2)
>50 km (31 mi) (Akash
NG) (under
development)[2]
Flight ceiling 20 km (66,000 ft)
Flight altitude 18 km (59,000 ft)
Akash missile at Aero India 2011
Speed Mach 2.8 - 3.5[2]
Guidance Mid-course: Command
Each Akash battery consists of four self-propelled system
guidance with datalink
Launchers (3 Akash SAMs each), a Battery Level Radar -
Terminal: Active radar
the Rajendra, and a Command post (Battery Control
Centre). Two batteries are deployed as a Squadron (Air homing
Force), while up to four form an Akash Group (Army Launch T-72 or BMP-2 chassis
configuration). In both configurations, an extra Group platform
Control Centre (GCC) is added, which acts as the Transport BEML–Tatra Heavy Mobility
Command and Control HQ of the Squadron or Group. Vehicle
Based on a single mobile platform, GCC establishes links
with Battery Control Centres and conducts air defense operations in coordination with air defense set up in a
zone of operations. For early warning, the GCC relies on the Central Acquisition Radar. However,
individual batteries can also be deployed with the cheaper, 2-D BSR (Battery Surveillance Radar) with a
range of over 100 km.

Akash has an advanced automated functioning capability. The 3D CAR automatically starts tracking targets
at a distance of around 150 km providing early warning to the system and operators. The target track
information is transferred to GCC. GCC automatically classifies the target. BSR starts tracking targets
around a range of 100 km. This data is transferred to GCC. The GCC performs multi-radar tracking of up to
200 targets and carries out track correlation & data fusion. Target position information is sent to the BLR
which uses this information to acquire the targets.
The BCC which can engage a target(s) from the selected list at the earliest point of time is assigned the
target in real time by the GCC. The availability of missiles and the health of the missiles are also taken into
consideration during this process. Fresh targets are assigned as and when intercepts with assigned targets are
completed. A single shot kill probability of 88% has been achieved by the system taking into consideration
various parameters of the sensors, guidance command, missile capabilities and kill zone computations.

There are a number of possibilities for deploying Akash weapon system in autonomous mode and in group
mode for neutralizing the threat profiles with defined multi-target engagement scenarios. In the Group mode
we can have number of configurations to defend vulnerable areas depending upon nature and expected
threat pattern, characteristics of threat. Similarly, multiple batteries in autonomous mode can be deployed to
defend vulnerable areas/points. In a Group formation, the four Batteries can be deployed in various
geometric formations, as suited to the vulnerable area being protected and the extent desired to be sanitized
from enemy air threat. In a box deployment pattern, an Akash group can defend an area of 62 km x 62 km.
In a linear array configuration, it covers an area of 98 km x 44 km. Trapezoidal configuration gives defense
to the largest area as compared to any other pattern of deployment covering an area of size 5000 square
km.[15]

Each Akash battery can engage up to four targets simultaneously with 24 ready to fire missiles. Each battery
has four launchers with three missiles, while each Rajendra able to guide eight missiles in total, with a
maximum of two missiles per target. Up to a maximum of four targets can be engaged simultaneously by a
typical battery with a single Rajendra if one (or two) missile is allotted per target. A single Akash missile
has an 88% probability of kill. Two missiles can be fired, five seconds apart, to raise the probability of Kill
to 98.5%. Communications between the various vehicles are a combination of wireless and wired links. The
entire system is designed to be set up quickly and to be highly mobile for high survivability. The Akash
system can be deployed by rail, road or air.

Missile

Akash is a surface-to-air missile with an intercept range of 30 km.[2]

It has a launch weight of 720 kg, a diameter of 35 cm and a length of
5.78 metres. Akash flies at supersonic speed, reaching around Mach
2.5. It can reach an altitude of 18 km and can be fired from both
tracked and wheeled platforms.[2] An on-board guidance system
coupled with an actuator system makes the missile maneuverable up
to 15g loads and a tail chase capability for end game engagement. A
digital proximity fuse is coupled with a 55 kg pre-fragmented Akash missile successfully test fired
warhead, while the safety arming and detonation mechanism enables in very low altitude near boundary
a controlled detonation sequence. A self-destruct device is also mission from the Integrated Test
integrated. It is propelled by an Integrated Ramjet Rocket Engine. Range, Balasore, Odisha on June
18, 2014.
The use of a ramjet propulsion system enables sustained speeds
without deceleration throughout its flight.[16] The Missile has
command guidance in its entire flight.[4]

The design of the missile is somewhat similar to that of the SA-6 with four long tube ramjet inlet ducts
mounted mid-body between wings. For pitch/yaw control four clipped triangular moving wings are mounted
on the mid-body. For roll control four inline clipped delta fins with ailerons are mounted before the tail.
However, the internal schema shows a different layout with an onboard digital computer, no Semi-active
seeker, different propellant, different actuators and command guidance datalinks. The Akash carries an
onboard radio-proximity fuse.

Composite technology for Akash includes radome assemblies, booster liners, ablative liners, sustainer liners,
compression moulded wings and fins.[17]
Propulsion

The Akash, like the Russian 2K12 Kub (SA-6 Gainful), utilizes an integrated ramjet-rocket propulsion
system, which, after initial rocket motor burnout, provides sustained thrust for the missile throughout its
flight until interception.

Radars

The missile is guided by a phased array fire control radar called

Rajendra 3D passive electronically
scanned array radar also called
Battery Level Radar (BLR) at
Adamya Chaitanya Exhibition 2016
whereas that for the Army, is based on a T-72 chassis and is known as the Battery Level Radar-III.
'Rajendra' which is termed as Battery Level Radar (BLR) with a
tracking range of about 60 km.[18] The tracking and missile guidance
radar configuration consists of a slewable phased array antenna of
more than 4000 elements, spectrally pure TWT transmitter, two
stage superhetrodyne correlation receiver for three channels, high
speed digital signal processor, real time management computer and a
powerful radar data processor.[19] It can track 64 targets in range,
azimuth and height and guide eight missiles simultaneously in ripple
fire mode towards four targets. The radar has advanced ECCM
features. The Rajendra derivative on a BMP-2 chassis and to be used
by the Indian Air Force is known as the Battery Level Radar-II

The Army version also consists of the Battery Surveillance Radar (BSR). BSR is a track vehicle based, long
range sensor, interfaced with the BCC. It can detect and track up to 40 targets in range and azimuth up to a
range of 100 km.[20]

Long range target acquisition is performed by the 3D Central Acquisition Radar (3D CAR), which is a long
range surveillance radar that can track up to 200 targets in Track while Scan mode (detecting, tracking and
processing) in three dimensions at a range of 180 km. It provides azimuth, range and height coordinates of
targets to the Group Control Centre (GCC) through secure communication links. The data is used to cue the
weapon control radar.[19][21]

Platforms

The Army's radar and launchers are based on the T-72 chassis built by the
Ordnance Factories Board's Ordnance Factory Medak to accompany the
Army's fast moving armoured formations.[22] The Air Force versions use a
combination of tracked and wheeled vehicle. The Air Force Akash
launcher consists of a detachable trailer which is towed by an Ashok
Leyland truck, and which can be positioned autonomously. The Air Force
launcher is designed by Larsen & Toubro jointly with DRDO.[23] Both the
Army and Air Force launchers have three ready-to-fire Akash missiles
each. The launchers can slew in both elevation and azimuth. The Army
Self-Propelled Launcher (ASPL) is 360 degrees slewable and its arc in
elevation is from 6 to 60 degrees. The Akash Air Force Launcher (AAFL)
is 360 degree slewable, in elevation it can fire from 8 to 75 degrees in all
directions depending on the mode of deployment.[24] Akash Air force
launcher features an All electro servo drive system for fully automated and Akash Missiles on a BMP-2
remote operation.[17] To enable the Akash group to perform self-sufficient chassis.
in the combat zone, a number of supporting specialist vehicles have been
designed and developed. They are mobile and field-worthy. Their design is based on the role and task to be
performed and the vehicles are accordingly allocated to the Group HQ, the Batteries, Assembly Line Area
and the Field maintenance workshop. Some of the vehicles are: the Missile Transportation Vehicle (MTV),
the Transportation and Loading Vehicle (TLV), the Mobile Station for Missile Checkout (MSMC) Vehicle,
the Air Compressor Vehicle (ACV), the Power Supply vehicles (GPSV, BPSV), the Engineering Support,
Maintenance and Repair vehicles (GEM, BEM) and a few others. These specialist vehicles assemble and
prepare missiles, deliver them to Batteries, carry maintenance spares and fuel, and provide logistical
engineering support. Their allocation provides for flexibility and self-sufficiency to the whole Akash
Group.[25]

Development and history

Mark-I

The first test flight of Akash missile was conducted in 1990, with development flights up to March 1997.

Two Akash missiles intercepted two fast moving targets in simultaneous engagement mode in 2005. 3-D
Central Acquisition Radar (3D-CAR) group mode performance is also fully established.[26][27]

The Akash Missile Development cost of ₹ 1,000crore (€150 million; $200 million), including the project
sanction of ₹ 600 crore (€90 million; $120 million), is 8-10 times lower than the cost of similar system
developments in other countries. Akash has certain unique characteristics like mobility, all-the-way-powered
flight till target interception, multiple target handling, digitally-coded command guidance and fully
automatic operation.".[12]

Variants

Akash-1S

There was demand from Indian Armed Forces for a missile with a
seeker that can target inbound targets more accurately for which
DRDO offered an upgraded Akash with an indigenous seeker named
Akash-1S. DRDO tested Akash-1S on 25 May and 27 May 2019
with a strike range of 25 km that has the capability to carry warhead
Akash-1S missile test on 27 May of 60 kg from Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur, Odisha with
2019 the overall performance of indigenous seeker and guidance system
consistently established during the period. Akash-1S was fired five
times against multiple targets and successfully completed the
trials.[28][29] It supports the combination of both command and active terminal seeker guidance to enhance
the single shot kill probability[30] and is capable of striking down fighter jets and drones at a distance of
around 18 to 30 km that can be fired from both tracked and wheeled platforms for greater mobility.[31]

Mark-II

The Akash Mk-II is a longer-range, faster and more accurate SAM. The missile will have an intercept range
of 30–35 km and increase in the accuracy of the missile's guidance system and the fire control system.
Putting a seeker on board to allow the Akash Mk-II to operate over a larger profile is one of the options
being considered.[32] DRDO on 27 May 2019 successfully test-fired the new version of the Akash surface to
air defence missile system with a new indigenously-developed
seeker. The missile was test-fired in Balasore. This was the second
successful test of the missile in two days.[33]

Akash-NG
Akash Mk-II with an indigenous
The development of the Akash-NG (Next Generation) was approved
seeker, successfully test fired from
in September 2016 with a funding of ₹470 crore (equivalent to the Launch Complex-III, at ITR
₹544 crore or US$76 million in 2019).[34] Akash-NG will have an Chandipur, Odisha on December 05,
improved reaction time and higher level of protection against 2017.
saturation attacks. The second stage will use dual-pulse solid rocket
motor which is lighter instead of air-breathing solid ramjet engine to
increase the overall range from current 30 km to greater than 50 km, an active electronically scanned array
Multi-Function Radar (MFR) and optical proximity fuze.[35]

Status
Each missile is expected to have starting costs below US$500,000, i.e. under ₹20 million (₹ 2 crores,[36]
which is less than half the cost of similar Western missiles which usually cost between US$1.2-1.5 million
(₹ 50-60 million) each.[37] It is expected that this cost will further decrease due to the economies of scale
achieved as production ramps up.[36] The Indian military (IAF & IA) have a combined order worth ₹23,300
crore ($5.18 billion).[38] On 24 May 2012, India successfully test fired Akash missile to revalidate
technology and operational efficacy.[39] On 1 June 2012, the Air Force version rof the missile with a strike
range of 25 km was successfully test fired from the Integrated Test Range at Chandipur.[40] On 3 August
2014 Akash missile test-fired from launch complex-3 of ITR at Chandipur off Odisha coast, Describing the
trials as "fully successful", Director ITR said . the Air Force version has already been inducted while Army
version is in the final stage of its trial.[41] The Army version was inducted on 5 May 2015, as was tweeted
by MoD Spokesman. [42] [43] On 16 March 2016, Director of Defence Research and Development
Laboratory (DRDL), said that India is looking to double missile production to 100 per month, up from 50–
60.[44][45]

Indian Air Force

In December 2007, the Indian Air Force completed user trials for
this missile. The trials, which were spread over ten days, were
declared successful after the missile hit the target on five occasions.
Multiple targets handling capability of Akash weapon system was
demonstrated by live firing in C4I environment. Before the ten-day
trial at Chandipur, ECCM Evaluation tests were carried out at
Gwalior Air force base and mobility trials were carried out in
Pokhran. The IAF had evolved the user Trial Directive to verify the Akash SAM live night firing by IAF in
Akash's consistency. The following trials were conducted: Against Iron Fist 2016
low-flying near-range target, long-range high-altitude target,
crossing and approaching target and ripple firing of two missiles
from the same launcher against a low-altitude receding target.[46]

The Indian Air force was satisfied with the performance of Akash after extensive flight trials and has
decided to induct the weapon system. An order for two squadrons were placed initially, with these being
inducted in 2009. The IAF found the missile performance to be satisfactory and was expected to place
orders for 16 more launchers to form two more squadrons for India's northeast theater.[22][37][47]

In May 2008, the Indian Air Force decided to induct two squadrons (totaling 4 batteries) of Akash
missile.[48]

In March 2009, Tata Power's Strategic Engineering Division (Tata Power SED) announced that it had
secured the INR 1.82 Billion order for 16 Akash launchers to be delivered in the next 33 months.[49]

In January 2010, it was revealed that the Indian Air Force had ordered for 6 more squadrons. Each squadron
will consist of 125 missiles, bringing the order to 750 missiles for 6 squadrons.[50] The first two squadrons
will consist of 48 missiles each[51] while future squadrons will vary in number depending on the IAF. The
additional missiles were ordered from state-run defence behemoth Bharat Electronics, who will act as the
system integrator, at a cost of ₹ 42.79 billion ($925 million).[52]

On 3 March 2012, the missile was officially inducted into Indian Air force at function at Hyderabad.[53]

IAF orders may also rise as it phases out its Pechoras and if the Indo-Israeli JV to develop a MRSAM
(Medium Range SAM) for the IAF continues to be put on hold, while a similar program for the Indian Navy
proceeds unimpeded.[54][55][56] On 6 June 2012, IAF successfully test fired the Air Force version of Akash
missile from the Integrated Test Range at Chandipur.[57] Indian Air Force tested Akash missiles taken from
the production lot on 26 April 2014 against maneuvering targets at extreme ranges The test was a
success.[58]

In February 2010, the Indian Air Force accepted the Akash missile system as a substantial part of its
arsenal.[59]

In November 2014 Surface-to-air supersonic missile Akash on Friday completed its training user trials
successfully for 5 straight days validating all mission parameters as set by the Indian Air Force (IAF)
team.[60]

On 10 July 2015, the Akash surface-to-air missile was formally inducted in the Indian Air Force at
Gwalior.[61][62]

On 1 September 2015, the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) cleared the purchase of seven additional
squadrons of the Akash missile for the Indian Air Force.[63][64]

On 28 January 2016, the missile was successfully test fired from

complex-3 of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipuri in
Odisha. As part of a user trial from the ITR, three rounds of test
were carried out by the Indian Air Force (IAF) personnel aiming at
para-barrel target. Tests were aimed at gauging the flight consistency
and effectiveness of the missile, besides ascertaining the
serviceability of the system in various conditions.[65][66][67][68]

On 8 March 2016, Indian Air Force(IAF) demonstrated the missile

Night launch of Akash missile in Vayu at the exercise Iron Fist 2016.[69][70]
Shakti Exercise 2019.
A Comptroller and Auditor General report released in 2017 stated
that 30 percent of the missiles have failed when test fired. Of the
twenty missiles fired, two missiles failed to launch due to booster nozzle failure and the rest had lower than
required velocity or fell short of their target. In addition, due to lack of adequate storage facilities, the life
span of the missiles have been lowered by three years.[71][72][73]
On 28 and 29 November 2017, the Indian Air Force carried out 3 tests of the missile from Launch Complex
3 of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) against electronic targets.[74][75]

Indian Army

In June 2010, the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) placed an

order of the Akash missile system, valued at ₹12,500 crore ($2.8
billion). Bharat Dynamics (BDL) will be the system integrator and
nodal production agency for the Akash Army variant.[12] The Army
plans to induct two regiments of the missile.[76]

In March 2011, a report indicates that the Indian Army has ordered 2
Akash regiments – approximately 2,000 missiles – worth ₹14,000 Akash missiles during Republic Day
crore ($3.1 billion).[77] These will replace the Indian Army's 2 SA-6 2017 parade
Groups (25 systems with 1,500 missiles), which were inducted
between 1977 and 1979.[78]

On 5 May 2015 Akash Missile was inducted into the Indian Army.[79][80]

On 11 to 13 April 2015, Indian Army successfully conducted six rounds of user trials of the missile. The
tests were conducted from complex 3 of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipuri in Odisha. The
missiles targeted pilot less target aircraft (PTA) Lakshya, unmanned air vehicle (UAV) 'Banshee' and a para
barrel target, two times each.[68][81][82][83][84][85]

On 30 March 2016, Indian Army stated that Akash area defence missile systems did not meet its operational
requirements for defending its strike corps against enemy air attacks in forward areas, and was not ordering
any more regiments. The Army instead was opting for four Israeli quick reaction SAM regiments.[86][87]
The missile was inducted into the Indian Army on May 2015. The Army is scheduled to get two Akash
regiments by 2017.[88][89] On 30 November 2017, Indian Army successfully tested fired five Akash missiles
at Integrated Test Range (ITR) against multiple targets.[90] Another test with an indigenous radio frequency
seeker was successfully carried out on 5 December 2017 against a Banshee aerial drone.[91][92]

Deployment
The Indian Air Force has deployed Akash at its bases in Gwalior (Maharajpur AFS), Jalpaiguri (Hasimara
AFS), Tezpur, Jorhat and Pune (Lohegaon AFS).[93][94]

The Indian Army has deployed one Akash Regiment in June–July 2015, with the second one to be ready by
end of 2016.[95]

Operators
India

Indian Air Force — Eight squadrons in service, seven more ordered.[64][96] Each squadron
contains 125 missiles.[97]
Indian Army — Two regiments ordered, with deliveries starting in 2015. Two more are planned
to be ordered.[98] Each regiment comprises 240–288 launchers and 625–750 missiles.[99]
Export
It was also reported in the media that Malaysia, Thailand, Belarus and Vietnam have shown interest in
purchasing the Akash missile system.[100][101]

See also
Type 3 Chū-SAM
KS-1
NASAMS
Barak 8

References
1. "Indian Army Orders Akash Missile System" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/htt
p://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article1862084
1.ece). Aviation Week. 25 March 2011. Archived from the original (http://web02.aviationweek.c
om/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?topicName=india&id=news/awx/2011/03/25/awx_03_25_201
1_p0-301846.xml&headline=Indian%20Army%20Orders%20Akash%20Missile%20System) on
27 August 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
2. Sify (http://sify.com/finance/iaf-orders-another-750-akash-sams-news-default-kccpOceegcj.htm
l) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20101127203455/http://sify.com/finance/iaf-orders-ano
ther-750-akash-sams-news-default-kccpOceegcj.html) 27 November 2010 at the Wayback
Machine article dated 2 February 2010, accessed 25 February 2010.
3. "Akash Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) System" (https://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/ak
ash-surface-to-air-missile-system/). Airforce Technology. Retrieved 2019-11-17.
4. AKASH AIR DEFENSE WEAPON SYSTEM (http://www.drdo.org/bnews/jan08/akash_test.htm)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20080115103532/http://www.drdo.org/bnews/jan08/akas
h_test.htm) 15 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine
5. AkashSAM.com (http://www.akashsam.com/akashmissile.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20121228145415/http://www.akashsam.com/akashmissile.htm) 28 December 2012 at
the Wayback Machine
6. "Guided Threat Systems". International Electronic Countermeasures Handbook. Journal of
Electronic Defense Staff. Artech House. 2004. p. 115. ISBN 978-1-58053-898-5.
7. Asian tribune: Upgraded version of ‘Akash’ test fired; By Hemanta Kumar Rout (http://www.asi
antribune.com/oldsite/show_news.php?id=12250)
8. Akash missile successfully test fired for second day, Dated:18 November 2014 (http://indianex
press.com/article/india/india-others/akash-missile-successfully-test-fired-for-second-day/)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150706133433/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/i
ndia-others/akash-missile-successfully-test-fired-for-second-day/) 6 July 2015 at the Wayback
Machine
9. "India Successfully Test Fires Medium-Range Akash Missile" (http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/i
ndia-successfully-test-fires-medium-range-akash-missile-579358). ndtv.com. Archived (https://
web.archive.org/web/20160812154859/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-successfully-test-
fires-medium-range-akash-missile-579358) from the original on 12 August 2016. Retrieved
26 July 2016.
10. "Nuclear-capable Akash missile test fired | India News - Times of India" (http://articles.timesofin
dia.indiatimes.com/2007-12-13/india/27973517_1_akash-missile-nuclear-capable-multi-target-
missile). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/tod
ays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece) from the original on
27 August 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2012. Nuclear-capable Akash missile test fired
11. "Akash Surface-to-Air Missile System" (http://www.army-technology.com/projects/akashsurface
toairmis/). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120527020718/http://www.army-technolog
y.com/projects/akashsurfacetoairmis/) from the original on 27 May 2012. Retrieved 18 May
2012. kash Surface-to-Air Missile System, India
12. Akash Missile System For Indian Army OK'd (http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_g
eneric.jsp?topicName=india&id=news/awx/2010/06/09/awx_06_09_2010_p0-233041.xml)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-pape
r/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece) 27 August 2017 at the
Wayback Machine
13. Akash Missile Users Give Feedback To DRDO | AVIATION WEEK (http://www.aviationweek.co
m/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?topicName=india&id=news/awx/2010/10/08/awx_10_08_2010
_p0-260585.xml) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.
com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece) 27 August
2017 at the Wayback Machine
14. http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?
topicName=india&id=news/awx/2011/03/25/awx_03_25_2011_p0-301846.xml Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/m
ore-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece) 27 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine
15. Akash Operational Scenarios (http://www.akashsam.com/operational.htm) Archived (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20110707101903/http://www.akashsam.com/operational.htm) 7 July 2011 at
the Wayback Machine
16. The Hindu (http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/11/stories/2005121102871000.htm) Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20121104002640/http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/11/stories/20051211
02871000.htm) 4 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine article dated 11 December 2005,
accessed 18 October 2006.
17. "IAF initiates process for inducting Akash and Trishul SAM's" (https://web.archive.org/web/201
20616174211/http://frontierindia.net/iaf-initiates-process-for-inducting-akash-and-trishul-sams).
Frontier India. Archived from the original (http://frontierindia.net/iaf-initiates-process-for-inductin
g-akash-and-trishul-sams) on 16 June 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
18. Global Security.Org (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/akash.htm) Archived (htt
ps://web.archive.org/web/20080117224950/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/ak
ash.htm) 17 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine article accessed 18 October 2006.
19. About Akash (http://www.akashsam.com/about.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201
10707102052/http://www.akashsam.com/about.htm) 7 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
20. Akash Radars (http://www.akashsam.com/radar.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20
110721192237/http://www.akashsam.com/radar.htm) 21 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
21. "Aero India 2003 - Part 6" (http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_227.shtml). Archived (htt
ps://web.archive.org/web/20141010180852/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_227.sht
ml) from the original on 10 October 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
22. Shukla, Ajai. "Army warms up to Akash missile" (http://www.business-standard.com/article/eco
nomy-policy/army-warms-up-to-akash-missile-109110700042_1.html). business-standard.com.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160816131825/http://www.business-standard.com/arti
cle/economy-policy/army-warms-up-to-akash-missile-109110700042_1.html) from the original
on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
23. https://web.archive.org/web/20180625064119/http://www.larsentoubro.com/heavy-
engineering/products-services/defence-aerospace/land-weapon-systems/missile-launchers/
24. Akash Launchers (http://www.akashsam.com/launchers.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/
web/20110721192208/http://www.akashsam.com/launchers.htm) 21 July 2011 at the Wayback
Machine
25. Akash Support Vehicles (http://www.akashsam.com/support_vehicles.htm) Archived (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20110721192305/http://www.akashsam.com/support_vehicles.htm) 21 July
2011 at the Wayback Machine
26. "IAF initiates process for inducting Akash and Trishul SAM's" (https://web.archive.org/web/201
00325051818/http://frontierindia.net/iaf-initiates-process-for-inducting-akash-and-trishul-
sams/). Frontier India. Archived from the original (http://frontierindia.net/iaf-initiates-process-for
-inducting-akash-and-trishul-sams/) on 25 March 2010. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
27. "Defense19" (http://www.india-defence.com/reports-3629). Archived (https://web.archive.org/w
eb/20150924034320/http://www.india-defence.com/reports-3629) from the original on 24
September 2015. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
28. "Make in India missile deals pay off for government" (http://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indi
anews/article-5139875/Make-India-missile-deals-pay-government.html). Mail Online. Retrieved
23 December 2017.
29. Desk, India com News (2019-05-27). "DRDO Successfully Test Fires Akash-1S Surface to Air
Defence Missile" (https://www.india.com/news/india/drdo-successfully-test-fires-akash-1s-surfa
ce-to-air-defence-missile-3672505/). India.com. Retrieved 2019-11-17.
30. "DRDO successfully test fires AKASH MK-1S missile" (https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affa
irs/drdo-successfully-test-fires-akash-mk-1s-missile-1559017874-1). Jagranjosh.com. 2019-05-
28. Retrieved 2019-11-17.
31. "DRDO successfully tests AKASH MK-1S: 6 features that make it a potent missile" (https://ww
w.mynation.com/india-news/drdo-successfully-tests-akash-mk-1s-6-features-that-make-it-a-pot
ent-missile-ps7gk9). Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd. Retrieved 2019-11-17.
32. "Saurav Jha's Blog : Interview with Dr Avinash Chander, DRDO Chief and Scientific Adviser to
Defence Minister" (http://ibnlive.in.com/blogs/sauravjha/2976/65363/interview-with-dr-avinash-
chander-drdo-chief-and-scientific-adviser-to-defence-minister.html). ibnlive.in.com/. Archived (h
ttps://web.archive.org/web/20150110010522/http://ibnlive.in.com/blogs/sauravjha/2976/65363/i
nterview-with-dr-avinash-chander-drdo-chief-and-scientific-adviser-to-defence-minister.html)
from the original on 10 January 2015. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
33. Anibalasore (odisha) (2019-05-27). "New version of Akash missile test-fired successfully" (http
s://www.thehindu.com/news/national/new-version-of-akash-missile-test-fired-successfully/articl
e27266960.ece). The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X).
Retrieved 2019-09-10.
34. "DRDO Projects" (https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=158007). Ministry of
Defence. 3 February 2017. Retrieved 2019-10-28 – via Press Information Bureau.
35. SV, Vikas (2018-12-04). "Next generation Akash-NG to add new diamension to India's air
defence capabilities" (https://www.oneindia.com/india/next-generation-akash-ng-add-new-diam
ension-india-s-air-defence-capabilities-2817050.html). oneindia. Retrieved 2019-11-17.
36. "Archived copy" (http://www.drdo.org/dpi/prahlada_interview.html). Archived (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20080418015036/http://www.drdo.org/dpi/prahlada_interview.html) from the original
on 18 April 2008. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
37. "The Hindu : National : Akash missile achieves a milestone" (http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/1
1/stories/2005121102871000.htm). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20121104002640/htt
p://www.hindu.com/2005/12/11/stories/2005121102871000.htm) from the original on 4
November 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
38. "Bharat Dynamics Limited Signs Largest Ever Deal With Army for Akash Missiles" (https://web.
archive.org/web/20141224223609/http://www.defencenow.com/news/127/bharat-dynamics-limi
ted-signs-largest-ever-deal-with-army-for-akash-missiles.html). Archived from the original (htt
p://www.defencenow.com/news/127/bharat-dynamics-limited-signs-largest-ever-deal-with-army
-for-akash-missiles.html) on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
39. "Surface-to-air Akash missile test fired successfully" (http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.co
m/2012-05-24/india/31838238_1_akash-missile-integrated-test-range-array-radar). The Times
Of India. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/tod
ays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece) from the original on
27 August 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2012.
40. "Defence News - India Test-Fires Air Force Version Of Akash" (https://web.archive.org/web/20
120814123800/http://www.defencenews.in/defence-news-internal.asp?get=new&id=1260).
Archived from the original (http://www.defencenews.in/defence-news-internal.asp?get=new&id
=1260) on 14 August 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
41. "Successful surface-to-air 'Akash' missile trial for second day" (http://www.dnaindia.com/india/r
eport-successful-surface-to-air-akash-missile-trial-for-second-day-2010473). 13 August 2014.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140813230651/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-
successful-surface-to-air-akash-missile-trial-for-second-day-2010473) from the original on 13
August 2014.
42. "Surface-to-air short range Akash missile system to be inducted into Indian Army today" (http://
ibnlive.in.com/news/surfacetoair-short-range-akash-missile-system-to-be-inducted-into-indian-
army-today/543766-3.html). 5 May 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150508003
919/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/surfacetoair-short-range-akash-missile-system-to-be-inducted-in
to-indian-army-today/543766-3.html) from the original on 8 May 2015.
43. "Akash missile system handed over to Indian Army today" (https://twitter.com/SpokespersonM
oD/status/595482869989908481). 5 May 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201708
27221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/arti
cle18620841.ece) from the original on 27 August 2017.
44. "India looks to double missile production to 100 per month" (http://www.moneycontrol.com/new
s/current-affairs/india-looks-to-double-missile-production-to-100-per-month_5900481.html).
www.moneycontrol.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160322011410/http://www.m
oneycontrol.com/news/current-affairs/india-looks-to-double-missile-production-to-100-per-mont
h_5900481.html) from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
45. "India To Double Akash Missile Production To 100 Per Month" (http://www.defenseworld.net/ne
ws/15613/India_To_Double_Akash_Missile_Production_To_100_Per_Month).
www.defenseworld.net. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160319134452/http://www.def
enseworld.net/news/15613/India_To_Double_Akash_Missile_Production_To_100_Per_Month)
from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
46. DRDO report on Akash (http://www.drdo.com/bnews/jan08/akash_test.htm) Archived (https://w
eb.archive.org/web/20080409051827/http://www.drdo.com/bnews/jan08/akash_test.htm) 9
April 2008 at the Wayback Machine
47. "IAF Slams Chinese Protest to PM's Arunachal Visit" (https://web.archive.org/web/2011071808
4228/http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?667753). Archived from the original (http://news.
outlookindia.com/item.aspx?667753) on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
48. "IAF inducts the Akash missile" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141224225007/http://www.thain
dian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/iaf-inducts-the-akash-missile_10047471.html). Thaindian
News. Archived from the original (http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/iaf-induc
ts-the-akash-missile_10047471.html) on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
49. "Tata Power unit bags defence order" (http://www.hindu.com/2009/03/31/stories/20090331555
61600.htm). The Hindu. Chennai, India. 31 March 2009. Archived (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20090403074739/http://www.hindu.com/2009/03/31/stories/2009033155561600.htm) from
the original on 3 April 2009.
50. IAF orders another 750 Akash surface-to-air missiles (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/I
AF-orders-another-750-Akash-surface-to-air-missiles/articleshow/5527577.cms) Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20100413104043/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/IAF-orders-a
nother-750-Akash-surface-to-air-missiles/articleshow/5527577.cms) 13 April 2010 at the
Wayback Machine
51. IAF To Get Akash Missiles This Year (http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.j
sp?topicName=india&id=news/awx/2010/04/27/awx_04_27_2010_p0-222589.xml&headline=I
AF%20To%20Get%20Akash%20Missiles%20This%20Year) Archived (https://web.archive.org/
web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems
-for-army/article18620841.ece) 27 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine
52. "IAF orders another 750 Akash SAMs" (http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/iaf-orde
rs-another-750-akash-sams_100313537.html). Thaindian News. Archived (https://web.archive.
org/web/20141224224204/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/iaf-orders-another-7
50-akash-sams_100313537.html) from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved
24 December 2014.
53. Subramanian, T. S. (2 March 2012). "Torpedo, Akash missile to be handed over to Navy and
IAF on Saturday" (http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/article2951593.ece?homepage
=true). The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/htt
p://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article1862084
1.ece) from the original on 27 August 2017.
54. Barak-MRSAM for IAF put on hold (http://news.indiainfo.com/2008/05/06/0805061039_indo-isr
ael_missile_deal_on_hold.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20080706153436/http://
news.indiainfo.com/2008/05/06/0805061039_indo-israel_missile_deal_on_hold.html) 6 July
2008 at the Wayback Machine
55. "IAF to induct indigenous Akash missile" (http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=14580887). Sify
News. Sify News. 26 December 2007. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2007123118101
2/http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=14580887) from the original on 31 December 2007.
Retrieved 27 December 2007.
56. Missile mission meets target (http://www.business-standard.com/common/news_article.php?lef
tnm=lmnu2&subLeft=1&autono=311447&tab=r) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201105
11142259/http://www.business-standard.com/common/news_article.php?leftnm=lmnu2&subLe
ft=1&autono=311447&tab=r) 11 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine
57. "Air Force version of 'Akash' missile successfully test-fired" (http://articles.timesofindia.indiatim
es.com/2012-06-06/india/32078355_1_akash-missile-integrated-test-range-anti-aircraft-defenc
e-system). The Times Of India. 6 June 2012. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170827
221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/articl
e18620841.ece) from the original on 27 August 2017.
58. Special Correspondent. "Two Akash missiles tested" (http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/t
wo-akash-missiles-tested/article5951555.ece). The Hindu. Archived (https://web.archive.org/w
eb/20140427151108/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/two-akash-missiles-tested/article
5951555.ece) from the original on 27 April 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
59. Reporter, B. S. "Missile boost for BEL" (http://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/miss
ile-boost-for-bel-110020300150_1.html). business-standard.com. Archived (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20160308234505/http://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/missile-boost-f
or-bel-110020300150_1.html) from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
60. "Akash Missile Completes Training User Trials" (http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odis
ha/2014/11/21/Akash-Missile-Completes-Training-User-Trials/article2534505.ece). The New
Indian Express. 22 November 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141205045627/h
ttp://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2014/11/21/Akash-Missile-Completes-Training-
User-Trials/article2534505.ece) from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved
28 November 2014.
61. "IAF gets Akash missile shield" (http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/iaf-gets-akash-missile-shield/).
Jammu Kashmir Latest News | Tourism | Breaking News J&K. Archived (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20151227122720/http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/iaf-gets-akash-missile-shield/) from the
original on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
62. "Ingeniously-built Aakash missile inducted in IAF : India, News - India Today" (http://indiatoday.
intoday.in/story/ingeniously-built-aakash-missile-inducted-in-iaf/1/450574.html).
indiatoday.intoday.in. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151027162319/http://indiatoday.
intoday.in/story/ingeniously-built-aakash-missile-inducted-in-iaf/1/450574.html) from the
original on 27 October 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
63. "DAC clears projects worth over Rs. 13,000 cr" (http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/dac-cl
ears-projects-worth-over-rs-13000-cr/article7604956.ece). The Hindu. 2 September 2015.
ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X). Archived (https://web.archive.org/
web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/dac-clears-projects-worth-over-r
s-13000-cr/article7604956.ece) from the original on 27 August 2017. Retrieved 30 December
2015.
64. "Govt clears defence projects worth Rs 15,000 crore - Times of India" (http://timesofindia.indiat
imes.com/india/Govt-clears-defence-projects-worth-Rs-15000-crore/articleshow/48762974.cm
s). The Times of India. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151202051130/http://timesofin
dia.indiatimes.com/india/Govt-clears-defence-projects-worth-Rs-15000-crore/articleshow/4876
2974.cms) from the original on 2 December 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
65. "Akash missile successfully test fired in Chandipuri, Odisha: Interesting facts : Current Affairs"
(http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/akash-missile/1/582597.html). indiatoday.intoday.in.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160131011806/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/s
tory/akash-missile/1/582597.html) from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 29 January
2016.
66. "Indian armed forces to test Akash missiles as part of user trials" (http://www.ibtimes.co.in/india
n-armed-forces-test-akash-missiles-part-user-trials-664851). International Business Times,
India Edition. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160129074501/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/
indian-armed-forces-test-akash-missiles-part-user-trials-664851) from the original on 29
January 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
67. "India test fires Akash missiles" (http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-test-fires-akash-
missiles/article8163440.ece). The Hindu. 28 January 2016. ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.worl
dcat.org/issn/0971-751X). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160128172037/http://www.t
hehindu.com/news/national/india-test-fires-akash-missiles/article8163440.ece) from the
original on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
68. "India test fires Akash supersonic missile" (http://www.army-technology.com/news/newsindia-te
st-fires-akash-supersonic-missile-4862036). Army Technology. Archived (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20160415023732/http://www.army-technology.com/news/newsindia-test-fires-akash-sup
ersonic-missile-4862036) from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
69. "Iron Fist 2016: Indian Air Force's greatest show of air power | Latest News & Updates at Daily
News & Analysis" (http://www.dnaindia.com/india/column-iron-fist-2016-indian-air-force-s-great
est-show-of-air-power-2191190). dna. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2016032012481
7/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/column-iron-fist-2016-indian-air-force-s-greatest-show-of-air-p
ower-2191190) from the original on 20 March 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
70. "IAF showcases indigenous fighter plane 'Tejas' in Iron Fist Exercise" (http://www.newsx.com/n
ational/23267-iaf-showcases-indigenous-fighter-plane-tejas-in-iron-fist-exercise). NewsX.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160320222755/http://www.newsx.com/national/23267
-iaf-showcases-indigenous-fighter-plane-tejas-in-iron-fist-exercise) from the original on 20
March 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
71. "Archived copy" (http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/akash-missiles-siliguri-corridor-cag-chinese-a
ir-force-chickens-neck/1/1013688.html). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201708130536
39/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/akash-missiles-siliguri-corridor-cag-chinese-air-force-chicke
ns-neck/1/1013688.html) from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
72. "Archived copy" (http://www.rediff.com/news/report/made-in-india-akash-missile-worth-rs-3600-
crore-fails-test/20170728.htm). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170728192354/http://
www.rediff.com/news/report/made-in-india-akash-missile-worth-rs-3600-crore-fails-test/201707
28.htm) from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
73. "Akash missile reported 30% failure rate, says CAG" (http://www.livemint.com/Industry/KrjvlDB
9ictx2eEnoZHJlJ/Akash-missile-reported-30-failure-rate-says-CAG.html). Archived (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20170729050807/http://www.livemint.com/Industry/KrjvlDB9ictx2eEnoZHJlJ/
Akash-missile-reported-30-failure-rate-says-CAG.html) from the original on 29 July 2017.
Retrieved 28 July 2017.
74. "Supersonic Akash missile test fired against electronic target" (http://www.newindianexpress.co
m/nation/2017/nov/28/supersonic-akash-missile-test-fired-against-electronic-target-1713166.ht
ml). The New Indian Express. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042211/http://w
ww.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/nov/28/supersonic-akash-missile-test-fired-against-ele
ctronic-target-1713166.html) from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 29 November
2017.
75. "Two rounds of Surface-to-Air Missile Akash successfully test fired" (http://www.newindianexpr
ess.com/nation/2017/nov/29/two-rounds-of-surface-to-air-missile-akash-successfully-test-fired-
1714187.html). The New Indian Express. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035
927/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/nov/29/two-rounds-of-surface-to-air-missile
-akash-successfully-test-fired-1714187.html) from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved
29 November 2017.
76. Press Trust of India (2 December 2010). "India eyes producing more Akash missiles, BEL
expects windfall" (http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/india-eyes-producing-more-ak
ash-missiles-bel-expects-windfall/118021/on). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20121013
051825/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/india-eyes-producing-more-akash-missil
es-bel-expects-windfall/118021/on) from the original on 13 October 2012. Retrieved
24 December 2014.
77. Indian Army Orders Akash Missile System (http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_gen
eric.jsp?topicName=india&id=news/awx/2011/03/25/awx_03_25_2011_p0-301846.xml)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-pape
r/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece) 27 August 2017 at the
Wayback Machine
78. "SIPRI Arms Transfers Database" (http://www.sipri.org/databases/armstransfers). Archived (htt
ps://web.archive.org/web/20141216034008/http://www.sipri.org/databases/armstransfers/)
from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
79. "Akash Missile Supersonic System inducted by Indian Army" (http://www.defencewire.com/arm
y/akash-missile-supersonic-system-inducted-by-indian-army/). Defence Wire. 5 May 2015.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-pape
r/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece) from the original on 27
August 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
80. "Boost to Army's air power; to get medium range missile by 2020 - Times of India" (http://times
ofindia.indiatimes.com/india/boost-to-armys-air-power-to-get-medium-range-missile-by-2020/ar
ticleshow/60244300.cms). The Times of India. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2017082
7221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/artic
le18620841.ece) from the original on 27 August 2017. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
81. "User Trial of Akash Missile System By Indian Army Successful" (http://www.newindianexpres
s.com/states/odisha/User-Trial-of-Akash-Missile-System-By-Indian-Army-Successful/2016/04/1
2/article3375372.ece). The New Indian Express. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201604
15114245/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/User-Trial-of-Akash-Missile-System
-By-Indian-Army-Successful/2016/04/12/article3375372.ece) from the original on 15 April
2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
82. "Akash missile test fired for second consecutive day | Latest News & Updates at Daily News &
Analysis" (http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-akash-missile-test-fired-for-second-consecutiv
e-day-2201470). dna. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160416234549/http://www.dnai
ndia.com/india/report-akash-missile-test-fired-for-second-consecutive-day-2201470) from the
original on 16 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
83. "Surface-to-air Akash missile successfully test fired in Odisha" (https://web.archive.org/web/20
160423211556/http://odishasuntimes.com/2016/04/12/surface-to-air-akash-missile-successfull
y-test-fired-in-odisha/). OdishaSunTimes.com. Archived from the original (http://odishasuntime
s.com/2016/04/12/surface-to-air-akash-missile-successfully-test-fired-in-odisha/) on 23 April
2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
84. "Akash Missile System Successfully Demonstrates Killing Efficiency" (http://www.newindianexp
ress.com/states/odisha/Akash-Missile-System-Successfully-Demonstrates-Killing-Efficiency/20
16/04/14/article3379377.ece). The New Indian Express. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/
20160416203925/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Akash-Missile-System-Suc
cessfully-Demonstrates-Killing-Efficiency/2016/04/14/article3379377.ece) from the original on
16 April 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
85. "Akash missile test fired successfully for third consecutive" (http://www.business-standard.com/
article/pti-stories/akash-missile-test-fired-successfully-for-third-consecutive-116041300920_1.h
tml). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160419051748/http://www.business-standard.co
m/article/pti-stories/akash-missile-test-fired-successfully-for-third-consecutive-116041300920_
1.html) from the original on 19 April 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
86. "Enough of Akash, says Army as it opts for Israeli missiles - Times of India" (http://timesofindia.
indiatimes.com/india/Enough-of-Akash-says-Army-as-it-opts-for-Israeli-missiles/articleshow/51
608406.cms). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160923215900/http://timesofindia.indiat
imes.com/india/Enough-of-Akash-says-Army-as-it-opts-for-Israeli-missiles/articleshow/516084
06.cms) from the original on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
87. "India's Missile Program in Peril as Army Dumps Rs 1,000 Cr Akash Missiles | Indian Defence
News" (http://www.indiandefensenews.in/2016/03/indias-missile-program-in-peril-as-
army.html). www.indiandefensenews.in. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2016082020352
3/http://www.indiandefensenews.in/2016/03/indias-missile-program-in-peril-as-army.html) from
the original on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
88. ANI. " 'Akash' air missile inducted into Indian Army arsenal" (http://www.business-standard.co
m/article/news-ani/akash-air-missile-induced-into-indian-army-arsenal-115050500557_1.html).
business-standard.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160816190251/http://www.bu
siness-standard.com/article/news-ani/akash-air-missile-induced-into-indian-army-arsenal-1150
50500557_1.html) from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
89. "Surface-to-air missile Akash to be inducted into Indian Army today" (http://indiatoday.intoday.i
n/story/akash-missile-surface-to-air-missile-army-manohar-parrikar/1/433681.html). intoday.in.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160818031541/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/akash
-missile-surface-to-air-missile-army-manohar-parrikar/1/433681.html) from the original on 18
August 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
90. "Army carries out five successful tests of Akash missiles" (http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/indi
an-army-akash-missiles-air-force-china/1/1100842.html). Archived (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20171203054037/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/indian-army-akash-missiles-air-force-chin
a/1/1100842.html) from the original on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
91. "India successfully test-fires Akash missile with home-made radio frequency seeker" (http://ww
w.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/061217/india-successfully-test-fires-akash-missil
e-with-home-made-radio-frequency-seeker.html). deccanchronicle.com/. 6 December 2017.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171209155124/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/natio
n/current-affairs/061217/india-successfully-test-fires-akash-missile-with-home-made-radio-freq
uency-seeker.html) from the original on 9 December 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
92. "Successful Launch of Akash Missile" (http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=17411
8). pib.nic.in. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171210180012/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/
PrintRelease.aspx?relid=174118) from the original on 10 December 2017. Retrieved
10 December 2017.
93. "Akash Air Defence System to be Formally Inducted Into IAF" (http://www.newindianexpress.co
m/nation/Akash-Air-Defence-System-to-be-Formally-Inducted-Into-IAF/2015/07/08/article2909
348.ece1). The New Indian Express. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151030193531/
http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Akash-Air-Defence-System-to-be-Formally-Inducted-I
nto-IAF/2015/07/08/article2909348.ece1) from the original on 30 October 2015. Retrieved
30 December 2015.
94. "Surface-to-air missile 'Akash' inducted in IAF - Times of India" (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.c
om/india/Surface-to-air-missile-Akash-inducted-in-IAF/articleshow/48021610.cms). The Times
of India. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150713044811/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.
com/india/Surface-to-air-missile-Akash-inducted-in-IAF/articleshow/48021610.cms) from the
original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
95. "Indian Army gets muscle with Akash missile system - Rediff.com India News" (http://www.redif
f.com/news/report/defence-news-indian-army-gets-some-serious-firepower/20150505.htm).
www.rediff.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160107203935/http://www.rediff.com/
news/report/defence-news-indian-army-gets-some-serious-firepower/20150505.htm) from the
original on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
96. Pandit, Rajat (13 September 2019). "Akash missile: Rs 5400 crore deal inked for 7 more
squadrons of Akash missiles for IAF" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rs-5400-crore-d
eal-inked-for-7-more-squadrons-of-akash-missiles/articleshow/71116926.cms). The Times of
India.
97. "IAF orders another 750 Akash SAMs" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/iaf-orders-anoth
er-750-akash-sams/story-64d5JQejA3LGa5NJGbnVtL.html). Hindustan Times. Indo-Asian
News Service. 2 February 2010. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044126/http
s://www.hindustantimes.com/india/iaf-orders-another-750-akash-sams/story-64d5JQejA3LGa5
NJGbnVtL.html) from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
98. Peri, Dinakar (30 May 2017). "More Akash systems for Army" (https://www.thehindu.com/today
s-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece). The Hindu. Archived
(https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-natio
nal/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece) from the original on 27 August 2017.
Retrieved 4 March 2019.
99. Nair-Ghaswalla, Amrita (4 May 2018). "Army to get 'enhanced' Akash missiles" (https://www.th
ehindubusinessline.com/news/army-to-get-enhanced-akash-missiles/article23776393.ece).
The Hindu Business Line.
00. "India, Russia yet to reach breakthrough on Gorshkov" (http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.c
om/2008-01-09/india/27746640_1_gorshkov-breakthrough-india-and-russia). The Times Of
India. 9 January 2008. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.the
hindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece) from
the original on 27 August 2017.
01. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/wary-of-china-india-offers-akash-missile-to-vietnam-
both-countries-crank-up-their-bilateral-military-relations/articleshow/56410196.cms (http://times
ofindia.indiatimes.com/india/wary-of-china-india-offers-akash-missile-to-vietnam-both-countries
-crank-up-their-bilateral-military-relations/articleshow/56410196.cms). Archived (https://web.arc
hive.org/web/20170110023649/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/wary-of-china-india-offe
rs-akash-missile-to-vietnam-both-countries-crank-up-their-bilateral-military-relations/articlesho
w/56410196.cms) from the original on 10 January 2017. Missing or empty |title= (help)

External links
Official website (http://www.drdo.gov.in/drdo/English/bnews/jan08/akash_test.htm)
Video of Akash missile tests (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9YpHtSQmfxM)
Interview with Dr. Prahlada from DRDO (http://www.drdo.org/dpi/prahlada_interview.html)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akash_(missile)&oldid=947038985"

This page was last edited on 23 March 2020, at 22:41 (UTC).

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this
site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia
Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.