BALBHADRA – TACTICAL BOMBER UAV

Nischal Shrestha, Prabin Paudel, Prashant Giri, Sarthak Pandey

IOE, Pulchowk

INTRODUCTION SPECIFICATIONS PRELIMINARY DESIGN

General Wing Performance Initial Weight Estimations:
Balbhadra is a military aircraft whose primary function is MOTW: Wingspan: Range: MTOW 696.86 Kg
tactical bombing and surveillance. It is capable of precision 700 kg 10 m 1000 Km Payload Weight 150 Kg
weapon drop using laser guided system and Intelligence, Fuselage Length: Aspect Ratio: Endurance: Fuel Weight 205.44 Kg
Surveillance and Reconnaissance(ISR) using EO/IO sensors. 3.87 m 12.355 30 hrs Empty Weight 341.42 Kg
It can operate at extreme conditions and range of altitude Payload Weight: Wing Area: Stall Speed: Table: Initial weight estimation
equipped with the modern systems and technology. It has 150 kg 8.094 m2 72 Knots(Cr. Altitude)
appreciable value for range and endurance.
Powerplant: Projected Area Cruise Speed:
2
Rotax 912 (120hp) 8.077 m 150 Knots (77 m/s)
Fuel Type: MAC: Max. Cruise Speed:
Gasoline(petrol) 0.848 m 180 Knots (92.6 m/s)
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS Propeller Diameter: Taper Ratio: Absolute Ceiling:
1.8 m 0.350 32,000 ft.
Design point

• Endurance: 30 hrs Fuel Capacity: Flaps: Armaments: (1190,0.065)

• Operating altitude: 18,000 ft. to 25,000 ft. (5486 m to 7620 m) 205 liters Plain wing flaps Brahmastra (22.5 Kg)
• Range: <500 km Imaging/Targeting System: Mobile Ground Sudarshan (15 Kg)
• Precision weapon drop using laser-guided systems ASELSONS CATS EO/IR/LD Control System
• Surveillance and reconnaissance using EO/IR sensors Table: Aircraft Specifications
• Stall speed below 40 Knots. (20.578 m.s) AIRCRAFT MODEL Figure: Matching-plot
• Operation in adverse environment Wing and Tail Sizing:
• Stability with proper handling qualities Span Area Aspect Taper
Surface Airfoil (m) (m^2) Ratio Ratio Incidence (°)
NACA 4412 and
Wing NACA 2412 10 8.077 12.355 0.35 2
Tail NACA 0012 3.93 1.84 6.6 1 -2
AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATION Table: Wing and tail sizing

Figure: 3D render of Balbhadra

Control Surface Sizing:
1. Pusher Configuration:
Control Surface % Chord Span (m) Deflections (°)
No Interference with the surveillance camera and laser Aileron 25 1.5 -30, 25
guidance. Flap 25 2 0, 10, 20, 30
Ruddervator 30 1.2 -30, 30
2. Twin boom configuration: Table : Control surface sizing
More practical for aft. placement of engine near CG of
fuselage and provide clearance for the propeller. Landing Gear:

• Configuration: Tricycle
3. Inverted V-tail:
Landing Gear
• More practical for twin boom configuration than V-tail
• Retractable nose gear
• Less wetted area Figure: Space Allocation
• Fixed main landing gear
• Reduced interference drag MISSION PROFILE • Tip-back angle: 19 deg.
• Adverse roll-yaw coupling is less on inverted V tail
• Turnover angle: 55 deg. Figure: Turnover Angle
• Reduces spiral tendencies Cruise Cruise
30 Hours Loiter

4. Body and Wing Configuration:

• Blended body and mid-wing: Easier payload loading
• Rectangular Wing: Easier to fabricate Strike
• Dihedral: Roll stability
Take-off Landing

Figure 3: Mission Profile Figure: Tip-Back Angle

IOE Pulchowk
 BALBHADRA – TACTICAL BOMBER UAV
Nischal Shrestha, Prabin Paudel, Prashant Giri, Sarthak Pandey
IOE, Pulchowk

Flight Envelope and Gust Envelope STALL AND CLIMB CHARACTERISTICS DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS

Structural limit
+nmax

Positive Stall
Region

Design diving speed (VD)

VCR Handling Qualities

Figure: ROC vs True Airspeed (Hodograph) Figure: Rate of Decent vs True Airspeed

Figure: Phugoid Mode (High Altitude) Figure: Dutch Roll(High Altitude)

Maximum Angle of Climb = 3.616° Frequency= 0.0291 Frequency:0.315
Maximum ROC=800.35 fpm at Damping Ratio= 0.0433 Damping Ratio:0.093
Negative Stall
Region 137.98 knots (70.98 m/s) Subsidence Ratio= 1.0078 Subsidence Ratio:1.78
-nmax Minimum Glide Angle = 2.1207°
Structural limit

Figure: Altitude vs Stall Speed (TCAS)

Figure: Flight Envelope and Gust Envelope

Max. Positive/Negative Load factor 2.5/1.5 TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE

Positive/Negative Cl max 1.6/1.2
vclimb 𝐶𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑡. 𝑠1 + 𝑠2
Design Dive Speed (𝑉𝐷 ) 115 m/s (223 Knots) v1 𝑠1
vcr
Allowable Gust Speed (Vg) 10 m/s (19.45 Knots)
Corner Velocity((𝑉𝐶 ) 46.4 m/s (86.7 Knots)
Figure: Short Period (High Altitude) Figure: Spiral Mode (High Altitude)
DETERMINATION OF NEUTRAL POINT Frequency= 0.7599
A B
Damping Ratio= 0.1166

HANLING QUALITY TEST

Figure: Normal Take-off Distance and Figure: Take-off Altitude vs Time
Balanced Field Length

Normal Takeoff Distance = s1+s2 = 802 ft

Balance Field Length =A+B = 895 ft.
Figure: Elevator Trim vs Clmax Figure: Determination of Neutral point

Neutral Point , XNP = 1.86 m

LANDING PERFORMANCE
Figure: Roll Angle vs Time

Based on Cooper Harper rating system, our aircraft has good handling
Landing distance characteristics and can be controlled within a specified range of roll
variation. The pilot must, however, put moderate work. Thus, we assign a
cooper rating of 4 to our aircraft.
Touchdown

Stop

Touchdown Stop
CONCLUSION
hobst Preliminary flight test of Balbhadra concluded that we achieved our
design requirements of Range 500 km and Endurance of 30 hrs. Total
Figure: Landing Altitude vs Time Figure: Landing Ground Roll vs Time
Takeoff and landing distance were obtained to be 800 ft. It also has very
Figure: CG Travel Diagram good static and dynamic stability with minor improvement required to
Total Ground Run = 340 ft. negate dutch roll even further and improve handling qualities.

IOE Pulchowk