.

Ks;h

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh
^2020 j¾Ifha isg l%shd;aul fõ&

5
mia jk fY%aKsh

uq,a <udúh ixj¾Ok yd m%d:ñl wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
Y%S ,xldj

fjí wvúh ( www.nie.lk úoHq;a ;emE, ( info @ nie.lk

uqøKh yd fnodyeÍu - wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

.Ks;h
mia jk fY%a‚h
.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh

m%:u uqøKh - 2019

© cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

ISBN 978 - 955 - 25 - 0490 - 7

uq,a <udúh ixj¾Ok yd m%d:ñl wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
Y%S ,xldj

fjí wvúh ( www.nie.lk

úoHq;a ;emE, ( info @ nie.lk

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska

rcfha uqøK fomd¾;fïka;=fjys uqøKh lrjd
m%ldYkhg m;a lrk ,§'

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iii
 wOHlaI ckrd,a;=ñhf.a mKsúvh
cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj úiska ks¾foaYs; cd;sl wOHdmk wruqKq idlaId;a
lr .ekSu iy fmdÿ ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh lsÍfï uQ,sl wruqK iys; j tjlg mej;s
wka;¾.;h mokï jQ úIhud,dj kùlrKhg Ndckh fldg j¾I wglska hq;= pl%hlska
iukaú; kj ksmqK;d mdol úIhud,dfjys m<uq wÈhr" j¾I 2007 § cd;sl wOHdmk
wdh;kh úiska Y%S ,xldfõ m%d:ñl yd oaú;Shsl wOHdmk lafIa;%hg y÷kajd fok ,È¡

m¾fhaIKj,ska wkdjrKh jQ lreKq o" wOHdmkh ms<sn| j úúO md¾YAjhka

bÈßm;a l< fhdackd o mokï fldg f.k isÿ lrk ,o úIhud,d ;d¾lSlrKh lsÍfï
l%shdj,shl m%;sM,hla f,i úIhud,d pl%fha fojeks wÈhr wOHdmk lafIa;%hg y÷kajd
§u 2015 jif¾ isg wdrïN lr we;¡

fuu ;d¾lSlrK l%shdj,sfha § ish¨ u úIhhkaf.a ksmqK;d mokï uÜgfï isg

Wiia uÜgu olajd l%udkql+, j f.dv ke`.Su i|yd my< isg by<g .uka lrk isria
ixl,kh Ndú; lr we;s w;r úúO úIhhkays § tl u úIh lreKq kej; kej; bÈßm;a
ùu yels;dla wju lsÍu" úIh wka;¾.;h iSud lsÍu iy l%shd;aul l< yels YsIH ñ;=re
úIhud,djla ieliSu i|yd ;sria ixl,kh o Ndú; lr we;¡

.=re Nj;=kag mdvï ie,iqï lsÍu" bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%shdj,sfhys id¾:l j

ksr; ùu" mka;s ldur ñkqï yd we.hSï m%fhdackj;a mßÈ fhdod .ekSu i|yd wjYH jk
ud¾f.damfoaY ,nd§fï wruq‚ka kj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY y÷kajd § we;¡ mka;s ldurh
;=< § jvd;a M,odhS .=rejrfhl= f,i lghq;= lsÍug fuu ud¾f.damfoaY WmldÍ jkq
we;¡ isiqkaf.a ksmqK;d j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd .=Kd;aul fhojqï yd l%shdldrlï f;dard
.ekSug .=rejrekag wjYH ksoyi fuu.ska ,nd § ;sfí¡ tfuka u ks¾foaYs; mdG
.%ka:j, we;=<;a jk úIh lreKq ms<sn| j jeä nr ;eîula fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYj,
wka;¾.; fkdfõ¡ tu ksid fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh jvd;a M,odhS ùug kï wOHdmk
m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska ilid we;s wod< mdG .%ka: iu. iu.dó j Ndú; lsÍu
w;HjYH fõ¡

;d¾lSlrKh lrk ,o úIh ks¾foaY" kj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY yd kj mdG .%ka:j,

uQ,sl wruqKq jkafka .=re flakaøSh wOHdmk rgdfjka ñ§ YsIH flakaøSh wOHdmk rgdjla
yd jvd;a l%shdldrlï u; mokï jQ wOHdmk rgdjlg t<öu u.ska jev f,dalhg wjYH
jkakd jQ ksmqK;d yd l=i,;djkaf.ka hqla; udkj iïm;la njg YsIH m%cdj ixj¾Okh
lsÍuhs¡

kj úIh ks¾foaY iy .=re ud¾f.damfoaY iïmdokh lsÍfï § cd;sl wOHdmk

wdh;kfha Ydia;%Sh lghq;= uKav,fha o" wdh;k iNdfõ o" rpkfha § odhl;ajh ,nd
ÿka ish¨ u iïm;aodhlhska yd fjk;a md¾YAjhkaf.a o buy;a lemùu we.hSug o fuh
wjia:djla lr .kq leue;af;ñ¡

wdpd¾h à'ta'wd¾'fÊ' .=Kfialr

wOHlaI ckrd,a
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh"
uyr.u'
iv
 fmrjok

2015 j¾Ifha § wdrïNjQ kj úIhud,d ixfYdaOkh wkqj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY uqøKh iy

fnodyeÍu wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=jg mejÍ we;s ld¾hNdrhls' ta wkqj 2015
j¾Ifha isg 2019 j¾Ih i`oyd .=re ud¾f.damfoaY uqøKh iy fnodyeÍu jd¾Islj isÿ
flßKs' thg iu.dó j 2020 j¾Ih i`oyd kj úIh ks¾foaYhg wkql+, f,i ilia lr
we;s fuu 5 fY%aKsfha .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh fufia Tn w;g m;afõ'

±kqu .fõIK l%shdj,sfhys ,d YsIHhdg u`. fmkajkafka .=rejrhd h' tfukau úIh
ks¾foaYhg wkql+, ksmqK;d uÜgï lrd isiqka le`ojd f.k hk kshuqjd jkafka o
.=rejrhdh' tlS l¾;jHh Wfoid Tng w;aje,la iïmdokh lsÍu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY
ix.%yhl ld¾hNdrh fjhs' fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yfhka Tn ,nd .kakd mßph
weiqfrka" ksmqK;d mdol wOHdmkfha kshe,S isák YsIH m%cdj fj; bf.kqï b.ekaùï
l%shdj,sh jvd t,odhS f,i iqidOHlrKfha j.lSu mejÍ we;af;a Tng h' tu j.lSug
ixfõ§ jk Tn" ,dxflah iudcfha muKla fkdj iuia; úYajfha u hymeje;au Wfoid
w.kd iïm;la jkq fkdwkqudk h'

Tn lemù isákafka ±kqu" wdl,am" l=i,;d iy ksmqK;d fuka u m%n, iudc yelshd iy
wka;¾ mqoa., yelshdjkaf.ka mßmQ¾K ñksiqka msßila iudchg odhdo lsÍfï NdrOqr yd
úYsIag fufyjr Wfoid h' j¾;udk f,dalfha wNsfhda.j,g id¾:lj uqyqK Èh yels
msßila" Tnf.a odhl;ajfhka wmrfgys ks¾udKh fj;ehs hkak udf.a wfmalaIdjhs' tlS
wfmalaIdj u,aM, .ekaùug Tn i;= YlH;dj fuu.ska jvd;a Woa§mkh fj;ehs uu
;rfha úYajdi lrñ'

ví,sõ' tï' chka; úl%ukdhl

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j"
biqremdh"
n;a;ruq,a,'
2019'04'10

v
 ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,af.a mKsúvh
bf.kqu mq`M,a lafIa;%hl úyso hkakls' th Ôú; w;suy;a njg o" b;d u ir,
njg o m;a lrhs' ukqIHhd bf.kqï l=i,;dfjka W;alDIag h' udkj iudc ixj¾Okh
flakaø fldg .;a rgla" iudchla nqoaêh úiska y÷kd .;a wiïu;hka neyer lsÍug
o iqNdú;hka ;=<ska kj f,djla ks¾udKh lr .ekSug o fuj,u lr .kq ,nkafka
bf.kqu hs'

bf.kqu i|yd jákd hula o" bf.kqï l%ufõohka yd myiqlï o wOHdmkh jgd
ks¾udKh úh hq;= h' úIhud,dj" úIh ks¾foaYh" ud¾f.damfoaY" iqidOHlrejka bf.kqï
lafIa;%hg tlajkqfha fï wdldrfhks'

kQ;k Y%S ,xldj f.da,Sh m%jK;djka fuka u mqrd;k Wreuhka o iïñY%Kh lr

.ksñka iaùh wOHdmk rgdjla ysñ lrf.k we;' ld,Sk wjYH;d u; m%;sixialrKhka
;=<ska jir wglg jrla hdj;ald,Sk jk úIhud,dfõ bf.kqï iïm;la f,i fuu .=re
w;afmd;a ks¾udKh fõ'

úIhfhys wruqKqj, ix.;;dj cd;sl uÜgñka mj;ajd .; hq;= h' tfy;a .=re
w;afmd;ays bf.kqï l%ufõohka" wl=rlaj;a fjkia fkdfldg ms<smeÈh hq;a;la kï
fkdfõ' úIh ks¾foaYfhys ksmqK;d" ksmqK;d uÜgï" idOkh ùu i|yd wka;¾.;h
;=<ska bf.kqï m, iïm%dma;sh ms‚i bf.kqï l%ufõo ks¾udKYS,S j fjkia lr .ekSug
iqidOHlrejkag meyeÈ,sj u bvla we;s nj i|yka lrñ' YsIH idOk m%;sY;h by<
uÜgulg .ekSu i|yd Woõ jk" myiqlï i,ik .=re N+ñldjg lsishï m%fõYhla i|yd
ks¾udKh jk .=re w;afmd; YslaIlhd yg o" fo.=rekg o Ndú; l< yel' wod< fm<
fmd;g iylrejl= jk .=re w;afmd; ;j;a fm<fmd;la fkdjk nj oek .=reNj;=ka
fm< fmd; yd .=r w;afmd; hk iïm;a øjH folu Ndú; l< hq;= h'

ta ta úIhhkays idOkh ms<sn| we.hSï isÿ lrk cd;sl uÜgfï mÍlaIljrhl=

jqj o wfmalaId lrk idOkhka" úIhh b.ekaùug u`. fmkajk iqidOHlrejka úiska
mdvu wjidkfhys mka;s ldurfha § orejka iu`. m%;HlaIlrKhg m;a úh hq;= h' tu
tald;añlùu i|yd jQ m%fndaOd;aul ixialD;shla f.dvk`.d .ekSug .=re w;afmd; myqrla"
hd;%djla lr.kq we;ehs wdhdpkd mQ¾jl j wfmalaId lrñ'

wdpd¾h" mQcH udUq,af.dv iqukr;k ysñ

kssfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a
NdId" udkj Ydia;% yd iudcúoHd mSGh"
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

vi
 úIhud,d lñgqj

WmfoaYl;ajh yd wkqu;sh ( Ydia;%Sh lghq;= uKav,h"

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

úIh iïnkaëlrKh ( wd¾' tï' fla' o is,ajd ñh

wOHlaI
uq,a <udúh ixj¾Ok yd
m%d:ñl wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j'

úIhud,d lñgqj ( wd¾' tï' fla' o is,ajd ñh

wOHlaI
uq,a <udúh ixj¾Ok yd
m%d:ñl wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j'

tÉ' Ô' jkfialr ñh

iyldr lÓldpd¾h"
uq,a <udúh ixj¾Ok yd
m%d:ñl wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j'

NdId ixialrKh ( Y%Skd;a .fKaj;a; uy;d

úfYaI iïm;a odhl;ajh ( tÉ' tï' fla' fyar;a uy;d

Wm mSGdêm;s"
idßmq;a; wOHdmk úoHd mSGh" ksÜgUqj'

mß.Kl ieliqu ( ks,añ‚ ngj, ñh

úúO iyh ( ví,sõ' tÉ' áhqv¾ is,ajd uy;d

tia' mS' ta' ir;a l=udr uy;d

vii
 .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mßYS,khg Wmfoia
m%d:ñl úIhud,d kj ixfYdaOkh hgf;a 2020 jif¾ isg mia jk fY%a‚fha .‚;h
úIh ks¾foaYhg wkql+, j mdvï iQodkï lr .ekSu i|yd .=rejrekag Wojq ùu ms‚i
fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh ilia lr we;'

m%d:ñl wjêfha isiqka i|yd 1998 m%d:ñl wOHdmk m%;sixialrKj, § y÷kajd

§ we;s ie,iqï .; fi,a,ï" l%shdldrlï iy wiqka .; jev hk l%ufõo ;=fkka
l%shdldrlï iy wiqka .; jev i|yd jeä wjOdkh ,efnk mßÈ ixúOdkh lrk ,o
bf.kqï l%shdj,shla fuys fhdackd lr we;'

fldgia ;=klg fjka lr we;s i;s jevigyka 36la kj úIh ks¾foaYh uÕska
wdjrKh fjhs' fuys m<uq fldgia foflys i;s igyka 11 ne.ska o" ;=ka jk fldgfiys
i;s igyka 10la o wod< ld,h ;=< § ksu lrk ,o úIh lreKq jeäÿr mqkÍlaIKh yd
isiqkaf.a m%.;sh ;lafiare lsÍu i|yd wu;r i;sh ne.ska o wka;¾.; h' 36 jk i;sh
jir wjidk mqkÍlaIKh i|yd fjka lr we;'

ieu mdvul u ksmqK;djg wod< bf.kqï m, bÈßm;a lr we;s w;r tu bf.kqï

m, lrd isiqkag <Õd ùu i|yd iqÿiq l%shdldrlï o fhdackd lr we;' tu fhdackd lr
we;s l%shdldrlï wksjd¾h fkdjk w;r wod< bf.kqï m,j,g <Õd ùu i|yd iqÿiq"
isiqkaf.a wjYH;dj,g iy mdif,a bf.kqï mßirhg WÑ; jk wdldrfha l%shdldrlï
ilia lr .ekSug .=rejrhdg ksoyi we;'

tla tla mdvfï § ksmqK;djg wod< bf.kqï m," fhdod .kakd bf.kqï iïm;a"
.Ks; jdxud,dj fuka u l%shdldrlï lsysmhla o bÈßm;a lr we;' i;shla ;=< isÿ l<
yels l%shdldrlï lsysmhla tla mdvulg fhdackd lr we;' fuu l%shdldrlï mshjr
lsysmhlska bÈßm;a lr we;s w;r tla tla l%shdldrlïj, § isiqka ;lafiare lsÍu isÿ
lrk wdldrh ms<sn| Wmfoia o ieu mdvula wjidkfhau bÈßm;a lr we;'

mia jk fY%a‚fha isiqka i|yd .‚;h fm< fmd;la we;' fuys Wmfoia § we;s
wdldrfhka l%shdldrlïj, kshe<S w;a±lSï ,nd .ekSfuka miq j fm< fmdf;ys wNHdi
i|yd isiqka fhduq l< hq;= h' tfuka u isiqka fld;rï fyd¢ka bf.k f.k we;s ±hs
ks¾Kh lsÍu i|yd ;lafiare lsÍfï wdOdrlhla f,i o fm< fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi
fhdod.; yels h'

;lafiare lsÍu" jd¾;d lsÍu i|yd .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh wjidkfha we;s z.‚;h
;lafiare lsÍu - f;dr;=re jd¾;d lsÍfï m;%sldjZ Ndú; lsÍu wjYH h'

úIh iïnkaëldrl

viii
 mgqk

msgqj

.re wOHdmk wud;H;=udf.a m‚úvh ¸¸¸

wOHCI ckrd,af.a m‚úvh ¸¹

fmrjok ¹

ksfhdacH wOHCI ckrd,af.a m‚úvh ¹¸

úIhud,d lñgqj ¹¸¸

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mßYS,khg Wmfoia ¹¸¸¸

úIh ks¾foaYh º - º¹¸

bf.kqï wkql%uh º¹¸¸

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh i|yd Wmfoia 1 - 168

.Ks;h ;lafiare lsÍu - f;dr;=re jd¾;d lsÍfï m;%sldj 169 - 170

ix
 úIh ks¾foaYh
ye¢kaùu
.‚; oekqu yd l=i,;d Ôú;fha tÈfkod lghq;= yd iïnkaO úúO wjia:dj, §
ks;r Ndú; lsÍug isÿ fõ' tksid .‚; ixl,am yd uQ,O¾u ms<sn| ukd wjfndaOhla
iy .‚; l¾u ms<sn| l=i,;djla ;sîu j;auka iudcfha Ôj;a ùu i|yd mqoa.,hl=g
w;HjYH wx.hla njg m;a j we;' .Kkh lsÍu" uekSu" ixLHduh f;dr;=re ixúOdkh
yd úYaf,aIKh lsÍu" ksudkh" .eg¨j,g úi÷ï fiùu" ;¾ldkql+, j is;Sug yqre ùu
iy ;SrKj,g t<öu tn÷ wjia:dj,g ksoiqka lsysmhla fõ' fï ksid mdi,a úIhud,dfõ
.‚;h úIhhg b;d jeo.;a ;ekla ysñ fõ'
oekaùï" mqj;am;a" .=jka úÿ,s yd rEmjdyskS jeks ikaksfõok udOH Tiafia ixLHd"
j.= iy m%ia;dr u.ska bÈßm;a jk f;dr;=re ksis whqßka wjfndaO lr .ekSug yels ùu
i|yd o .‚; ksmqK;d j¾Okh ù ;sîu wjYH fõ'
ukd j jHQy.; lrk ,o yd ie,ls,su;a j u`. fmkajkq ,nk ie,iqï iy.;"
úfkdaockl yd m%dfhda.sl jev wdY%s; j YsIHhkag bf.kSug i,iajk whqßka m%udKj;a
l%shdldrlï fhdod .ksñka bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%shdj,sfhys ksr; ùu kj úIh ks¾foaY
uÕska .=rejrekaf.ka wfmalaId flf¾'
Rcq j u .‚; lafIa;h
% g wod< úúO jD;a;kS y
a s kshe<Su i|yd uQ,l
s wä;d,u oeóu
fuka u fjk;a úúO jD;a;k
S ya s § iy tÈfkod wjYH lghq;= bgq lr .ekSfï § o wjYH
jk .Ks; l=i,;d ,nd §u m%d:ñl wjêfha § n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ'

1 - 5 fY%aKs i|yd .Ks;h úIh wruqKq

² m%shckl yd <eÈ úIhhla f,i .‚;h úIhh flfrys Y=Njd§ wdl,am we;s lr .ekSu
² ks¾udKYS,s yd nqoaê m%fndaOl wjia:d uÕska úkaokhla ,eîu'
² tÈfkod ld¾hj,g wjYH o< w.hhka" ksudkhka yd ksrjoH ñkqï ,nd .ekSug
iu;a ùu'
² .‚; ixl,am" uQ,O¾u yd .‚; l¾u Ndú; lr tÈfkod Ôú;fha yuq jk .eg¨
úi£u'
² ikaksfõokfha § jdÑl" ,sÅ; yd rEmsl l%u Ndú;h ms<sn| l=i,;d j¾Okh lr
.ekSu'
² ukiska ir, .eg¨ úi£fï l=i,;d ,eîu
² oaúudk yev;, yd ;%sudK jia;= ms<sn| j o tajdfha .=K ms<sn| j o wjfndaOhla ,nd
.ekSu'
² iajdëk kuH ukilska yd wd;au úYajdifhka hq;= j meyeÈ,s f,i yd ;¾ldkql+, j
is;Sfï yelshdj j¾Okh lr .ekSu'
² .‚;h úIhh bf.kqu uÕska ,nk oekqu" l=i,;d yd wdl,am fjk;a úIhhka
bf.kSug Wmfhda.S lr .ekSu'
² ;j ÿrg;a .‚;h bf.kSu i|yd wjYH moku ,eîu

x
bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%fudamdh

1998 m%;sixialrKj, § m%d:ñl wjêfha isiqka i|yd bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdhhka

f,i ie,iqï .; fi,a,ï" l%shdldrlï iy wiqka .; jev y÷kajd fok ,È' fuhska
mia jk fY%a‚fha isiqka i|yd l%shdldrlï iy wiqka .; jev hk l%fudamdhj,g jeä
wjOdkh ,efnk mßÈ bf.kqï wjia:d ixúOdkh lsÍu wfmaCId flf¾' is;a .kakd
iq¨ øjH Ndú;h uÕska .‚;h bf.kqu flfrys we,au yd wdYdj orejka ;=< we;s lsÍu
.=rejrhd i;= j.lSuls'
orejkg fhduq lrkq ,nk ie,iqï .; fi,a,ï iy l%shdldrlï Tjqkaf.a Ñka;k
yd ;¾lK Yla;Ska o" nqoaêh o j¾Okh lrk w;r u .‚;h úIhhg yd Tjqkaf.a jhia
uÜgug .e<fmk tajd o ùu wjYH h'
fuhska iuyrla mka;s ldurh ;=< § o iuyrla mka;s ldurfhka msg; § o l< yels
tajd úh yels h' tfuka u úIh bf.kSfï ld,fhka ndysr j o fï i|yd wjia:d ,nd
§u jeo.;a h'
fhdod .kakd ie,iqï .; fi,a,ï yd l%shdldrlï orejkaf.a m%cdkk ixj¾Ok
uÜgug .e<fmk tajd ùu o jeo.;a h' orejka fujka l%shdldrlïj, fh§fuka <Õd
lr .kq we;ehs n,dfmdfrd;a;= úh yels jdis /ils' bka iuyrla fufia h'
) l%shdldrlï id¾:l j lsÍug iu;a ùu ksid wd;au úYajdih j¾Okh ùu
) ;j ÿrg;a l%shdldrlïj, ksr;ùug fm,Uùula we;s lsÍu
) iajhx fm,Uùu iy wd;au úYajdih we;s j l%shdldrlïj, fh§u u.ska
wd;audNsudkh j¾Okh ùu

l%shdldrlï uÕska wkdjrKh lr .kq ,nk lreKq ms<sn| j isiq - isiq idlÉPd yd
.=re - isiq idlÉPd lsÍug bv ie,iSfuka orejka ;=< ks.uk ms<sn| ksrjμ;dj yd wd;au
úYajdih j¾Okh jkq we;'
isiqka l%shdldrlïj, fh§fuka ,nd .kakd .‚; ksmqK;d wiqka .; jev Tiafia
;j ÿrg;a ;yjqre l< hq;= fõ' fï i|yd .‚;h 5 fY%a‚h fm< fmd;g iy .=rejrhd
úiska ks¾udKh lrkq ,nk wNHdij,g o isiqka fhduq l< yels h' 5 fY%a‚h úIhud,dfõ
.‚;h úIh i|yd i;shlg meh 5l ld,hla fjka flf¾' fuu ld,h i;sfha Èk 5 ;=<
iudk j fn§ hk fia .‚;h b.ekaùfï l%shdj,sh i|yd fhdod.; yels h'

ufkdauh .‚;h ms<sn| Wmfoia

ufkdauh .‚;h i|yd ieu Èkl u ñks;a;= lsysmhla fjka lr .ekSu fyd|
mqreoaols' w;HjYH uQ,sl .‚; l=i,;d isiqka j¾Okh lr .kakd nj o tajd isys ;nd
.kakd nj o ikd: lr .ekSu i|yd ksrka;r wNHdih Wojq fõ'
<dnd, jhfia isiqka iuÕ ieu Èkl u ixLHd jev hï muKla lsÍu fyd| fohls'
isiqkaf.a is;aj, ixLHd .Kkfha kS;s OdrKh lsÍu i|yd kej; kej; lsÍu jeo.;a h'
tl u ixl,amh wdjrKh lsÍu i|yd úúO l%u lsysmhla fhdod .kak'

xi
 mka;sfha kS;s
laI‚l gla ála m%Yak lsÍïj,g yd W;a;r ,eîug fya;= úh yels WÑ; mßirhla
mka;s ldurh ;=< msysgqùfï ud¾.hla jYfhka fuu kS;s wkq.ukh lsÍu wfmalaId
flf¾'
) lsisjl= fjk;a flfkl=g iskd fkdùu'
) yeu flfkl=g u l;d lsÍug jdrhla ,nd §u
) w~.eiSula isÿ fkdùu
) wjOdkh ,nd .ekSu i|yd w; Tijd jkkakg bv fkd;nd ^W;a;rh okafka
kï udmgeÕs,s È.= lrk& ys;k udmgeÕs,s l%uh fhdod .ekSu

.=rejrhdf.a kS;s
th yß hs" th ksjerÈ hs lshkjd fjkqjg th yß o" thg Tn tlÕ fjkjd o"
ke;akï ldg yß fjkia W;a;rhla ,enqKd o hk whqre wikak' t uÕska ;uka
;ks j u is;Sug;a W;a;rhla ,nd .ekSug W;aidy lsÍug ìh fkdùug;a isiqka
ffO¾hj;a lrkak'
kslï u W;a;rh ,nd .ekSu flfrys fkdj isiqka W;a;rh ,nd .;a wkaou flfrys
wjOdkh fhduq lrkak' Tn fldfydu o th yeÿfõ" fjkia úÈhlg yeÿfõ ljqo"
Tn l< úÈh yeu fokdg u f;areï lr fokak mq`Mjka o hk whqre wikak'
ieu isiqjl= u ffO¾hj;a jk fia ir, woyiaj,ska mgka .kak' tfy;a jvd olaI
isiqkag wNsfhda. jk mßÈ jvd ÿIalr m%Yak o we;=<;a lrkak'

fyd¢ka iQodkï j isákak

ufkdauh .‚; wNHdi m%shckl tajd úh hq;= h' tajd ;rul fõ.fhka kej;Sula
fkdue;s j l%shd;aul l< hq;= hs' tneúka l,a ;shd iQodkï lr .;a m%Yak rdYshla
;nd .kak' W;a;r §fï wfmalaIdfjka fkdbjis,su;a j isàfï wdhdihg isiqka
fkdoukak' isiqkag m%Yakh wjfndaO jQfha ke;akï th fjk;a wdldrhlg bÈßm;a
lsÍug W;aidy lrkak' tfia;a ke;a kï meyeÈ,s lr fokak' tu m%Yakh u Tng
fjk;a Èkl § o bÈßm;a l< yels h'
uQ,sl ixLHd nkaOk i|yd jeä ld,hla .; lrkak' .Kkh lsÍfï Wml%u Ndú;
fkdlr u;lfhka ixLHd kS;s y;r ^tl;= lsÍu" wvq lsÍu" .=K lsÍu yd fn§u&
Ndú;fhka .Kkh lsÍï ish¨ isiqkag blaukska l< yels whqßka tl;= lsÍu" wvq
lsÍu yd .=Kk j.= iïnkaOfhka o jeä ld,hla .; lrkak'

mdi,a m%;sm;a;s yd jev igyka

mdi,a ld, iSudj ;=< .‚;h úIh bf.kSu fm< fmd;g yd mka;s ldurhg muKla
iSud fkdl< hq;= h' my< mka;j s , isg u úIhh ms<n
s | <eÈhdjla orejka ;=< we;s lsÍu
jeo.;a h' nqoê a m%fndaOk wjia:d uÕska úkaokhla ,eîug i,iajd .‚;h m%h s ckl
úIhhla njg m;a lr,Su ieu .=rejrhl=f.a u hq;l = u fjhs' .‚;fhys we;s ixialD;sl
w.hhka isik q a ;=< j¾Okh jk mßÈ úIh iu.dó jevigyka iy mdi,a jevigyka
ixúOdkh lsÍu o jeo.;a h'

xii
 .‚;hg wod< ±kqu - ñkqu ;r. jeks ;r. ixúOdkh lsÍu yd meje;aùu" .‚;
mqia;ld," .‚; m%o¾Yk yd .‚; jHdmD;s mj;ajdf.k hdu yd fufyhùu fï hgf;a
l< yels úIh iu.dó jev lsysmhls' úIh iu.dó jevigyka i|yd .=re fo.=re
fomd¾Yajfha iy isiqkaf.a iyfhda.h ,nd .ekSug úÿy,am;sjrhd mqfrda.dó j lghq;=
lsÍu b;d jeo.;a h'

isiq m%.;sh ;lafiare lsÍu

.‚;h úIhh yodrk l=vd orejl=f.a .‚; ixl,am yd l=i,;d j¾Okh ms<sn|
ksrka;rfhka fidhd ne,Su b;d u wjYH h' fujeks fidhd ne,Sïj,ska /ia flfrk
f;dr;=re uÕska orejdf.a m%.;sh ms<sn| j fuka u orejdg .‚;h bf.kSfï § u;= jk
.eg¨ iy ÿIalr;d ms<sn| j o .=rejrhdg wjfndaOhla ,nd .; yels h'
fuu jhia iSudfõ miqjk orejl= ms<sn| f;dr;=re /ia lsÍfï § m%Odk ;ekla
ysñ úh hq;af;a orejd idudkH wkaoug bf.kSfï fh§ isák wjia:djkays § mQ¾j
ie,eiaulska f;dr j lrkq ,nk wúêu;a ;lafiare lsÍïj,g h' jefvys fh§ isák
isiqka ksÍCIKh lsÍu" jdÑl m%Yak lsÍu" isiqkag ijka §u" fuu .Khg wh;a l%u
lsysmhls' fuu l%u uÕska isiqka ;ks ;ks j fuka u lKavdhul .‚;h bf.kSfï
fh§ isák wjia:djkays § o m%.;sh ms<sn| f;dr;=re /ia l< yels h' fufia /ia lr
.kakd f;dr;=re l%uj;a j igyka lr .ekSu o b;d jeo.;a h'
úêu;a m%Yak m;%j,g ,sÅ; j ms<s;=re iemhSug orejka fhoùu jir ueo fyda jir
wjidk fyda mÍCIK i|yd muKla iSud lsÍu iqÿiq h' fï i|yd fhdod .kakd m%Yak
m;% .=rejrhd úiska u ilia lsÍu jeo.;a h'
tfuka u" miajk fY%a‚fha isiqkaf.a .‚; ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh lr ieu isiqjl= u
;=kajk m%Odk wjêhg wod< .‚;h ms<sn| w;HjYH bf.kqï ksmqK;dj, o m%ùKhka
njg m;a lsÍu .=rejrhdf.a j.lSuls'

xiii
 ixl,amh ksmqK;dj úIh wka;¾.;h

ixLHd 1'0 ixLHd y÷kdf.k Ndú; lrhs' ² 100 000 f;la ixLHdxl lshùu"
1'1 100 000 f;la ixLHd y÷kd ,sùu" ixLHd kduh ,sùu'
f.k Ndú; lrhs' ² oi oyia:dkh f;la ixLHdj,
1'2 99 999g fkdjeä ixLHd ia:dkSh w.h oelaùu'
mámdá.; lrhs' ² 99 999g fkdjeä ixLHd mámdá.;
lsÍu

2'0 ixLHd rgd f.dvkÕhs' ² fmdÿ wka;rh 2 isg 10 f;la jQ

2'1 fmdÿ wka;rh 2 isg ixLHd rgd f.dvkeÕSu'
10 f;la jQ ixLHd rgd ² fmdÿ wkqmd;h 2 isg 5 f;la jQ
f.dvkÕhs' ixLHd rgd f.dvkeÕSu'
2'2 fmdÿ wkqmd;h 2 isg
5 f;la jQ ixLHd rgd
f.dvkÕhs'

3'0 Nd. y÷kdf.k Ndú; lrhs' ² iïmQ¾K tllska iy øjH iuQyhlska

3'1 iïmQ¾K tll iy fldgila jYfhka foflka mx.= iy
øjH iuQyhl fldgila y;frka mx.= oelaùu'
jYfhka foflka mx.=" ² iïmQ¾K tll fldgila jYfhka
y;frka mx.= olajhs' oyfhka mx.= oelaùu'
iïmQ¾K tll fldgila
jYfhka oyfhka mx.=
olajhs'

4'0 frdau ixLHdxl Ndú; lrhs' ² úiai f;la frdau ixLHdxl y÷kd
4'1 ¸ isg ºº f;la frdau f.k Ndú; lsÍu
ixLHdxl y÷kdf.k Ndú;
lrhs'

5'0 oYu ixLHd y÷kdf.k Ndú; ² oyfhka mx.=" oYu ixLHd f,i
lrhs' y÷kdf.k Ndú; lsÍu'
5'1 oyfhka mx.=" oYu ixLHd
f,i y÷kd f.k Ndú;
lrhs'

.Ks; l¾u 6'0 ixLHd tl;= lsÍfï .eg¨ úi|hs' ² b,lalï y;r f;la jQ ixLHd
6'1 b,lalï y;r f;la jQ f.khdu iys; j tl;= lsÍfï .eg¨
ixLHd tl;= lsÍfï .eg¨ úi£u'
úi|hs'

7'0 ixLHd wvq lsÍfï .eg¨ úi|hs' ² b,lalï y;rlg fkdjeä

7'1 b,lalï y;rlg fkdjeä ixLHdjlska ;j;a ixLHdjla f.k
ixLHdjlska ;j;a ixLHdjla tau iys; wvq lsÍfï .eg¨ úi£u'
wvq lsÍfï .eg¨ úi|hs'

xiv
 ixl,amh ksmqK;dj úIh wka;¾.;h

8'0 ixLHd .=K lsÍfï .eg¨ úi|hs' ² 2 isg 10 f;la jQ .=Kk j.= ms<sn|
8'1 b,lalï ;=klg fkdjeä oekqu Ndú; lsÍu'
ixLHd 2" 3" 4 iy 5ka .=K ² b,lalï ;=klg fkdjeä ixLHd
lsÍfï .eg¨ úi|hs' 2 isg 10 f;la jQ ixLHdj,ska .=K
8'2 b,lalï ;=klg fkdjeä lsÍfï .eg¨ úi£u'
ixLHd 6 iy 7ka .=K lsÍfï
.eg¨ úi|hs'
8'3 b,lalï ;=klg fkdjeä
ixLHd 8" 9 iy 10ka .=K
lsÍfï .eg¨ úi|hs'

9'0 ixLHd fn§fï .eg¨ úi|hs' ² b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 2 isg
9'1 b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ 10 f;la jQ ixLHdjlska fn§fï ir,
ixLHd 2 isg 5 f;la jQ .eg¨ úi£u'
ixLHdjlska fn§fï ir,
.eg¨ úi|hs'
9'2 b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd
6ka iy 7ka fn§fï ir,
.eg¨ úi|hs'
9'3 b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd
8ka" 9ka iy 10ka fn§fï
.eg¨ úi|hs'

10'0 uQ,sl .‚; l¾u wdY%s; ir, ² ixLHd tl;= lsÍu iy wvq lsÍu
.eg¨ úi|hs' we;=<;a ir, .eg¨ úi£u'
10'1 ixLHd tl;= lsÍu iy wvq ² ixLHd .=K lsÍu iy fn§u we;=<;a
lsÍu we;=<;a ir, .eg¨ ir, .eg¨ úi£u'
úi|hs'
10'2 ixLHd .=K lsÍu iy fn§u
we;=<;a ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'

ñkqï 11'0 È. uekSu wdY%s; .eg¨ úi|hs' ² úYd, È. uekSfï tallhla f,i
11'1 lsf,daógrh iy ógrh w;r lsf,daógrh (km) y÷kd .ekSu'
iïnkaO;dj y÷kdf.k ² lsf,daógr iy ógr we;=<;a .eg¨
.eg¨ úi|hs' úi£u'
11'2 ógr iy fikaáógr we;=<;a ² ógr iy fikaáógr we;=<;a
.Kkh lsÍfï ir, .eg¨ .Kkh lsÍfï ir, .eg¨ úi£u'
úi|hs'

12'0 nr uekSu wdY%s; .eg¨ úi|hs' ² jia;=j, nr ksudkh lsÍu iy

12'1 úúO jia;=j, nr ksudkh lsf,da.a?ï iy .a?ï Ndú;fhka nr
lr uek ii|hs¦ .eg¨ uek iei£u'
úi|hs' ² nr uekSfï WmlrK y÷kd .ekSu'
12'2 jia;=j, nr wdY%s; ir, ² jia;=j, nr wdY%s; ir, .eg¨
.eg¨ úi|hs' úi£u'

xv
 13'0 mßudj yd Odß;dj we;=<;a .eg¨ ² Ndckj, Odß;dj ksudkh lsÍu iy
úi|hs' uek iei£u'
13'1 Ndckj, Odß;dj ukshs ¦ ² mßudj yd Odß;dj wdY%s; ir, .eg¨
mßudj yd Odß;dj we;=<;a úi£u'
ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'
13'2 mßudj yd Odß;dj wdY%s;
ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'
14'0 ñks;;a "= meh" ojia" i;s yd udi ² Trf,daiqfõ oelafjk fõ,dj lshùu'
w;r iïnkaO;d y÷kd f.k ² meh yd ñks;a;= we;=<;a ld,h
Ndú; lrhs' Trf,daiqfõ ±lafjk .;ùu ms<sn| .Kkh lsÍï iys;
fõ,dj lshjhs' .eg¨ úi£u'
14'1 Trf,daif q õ oelafjk fõ,dj
lshjhs'
14'2 ld,h .; ùu ms<n s | .Kkh
lsÍï iys; .eg¨ úi|hs'

uqo,a 15'0 uqo,a Ndú;h yd .kqfokq wdY%s;
.eg¨ úi|hs'
15'1 uqo,a wdY%s; ir, .Kkh
lsÍï lrhs'
15'2 ì,a m;a ilia lrhs'
² .‚; l¾u y;rg wod< uqo,a wdY%s;
ir, .Kkh lsÍïj, ksr; ùu'
² ì,a m;a wdY%s; .eg¨ úi£u'

yev yd 16'0 >k jia;= yd cHdñ;sl ² cHdñ;sl >kjia;= ks¾udKh lsÍu

wjldYh yev;,j, ,CIK yd iajNdjh yd ,laIK y÷kd .ekSu ^>klh"
y÷kd f.k l%shdldrlïj, ksr; >kldNh" p;=ia;,h" is,skavrh&
fjhs' ² isria ;, yd ;sria ;, y÷kd .ekSu'

17'0 RcqfldaK" ir, f¾Ld iy ² RcqfldaK iy RcqfldaK fkdjk

;,rEm w¢hs' fldaK fjka lr y÷kd .ekSu'
² ie,iqï iy mßudK rEm we£u'

18'0 ÈYd wdY%s; m%dfhda.sl ² wg ÈYd wdY%s; m%dfhda.sl

l%shdldrlïj, ksr; fjhs' l%shdldrlïj, ksr; ùu'

o;a; 19'0 úúO ld, igyka" j.= yd
yeisrùu m%ia;dr lshjhs'
19'1 o;a; ;Sr m%ia;dr u`.ska
ksrEmKh lrhs' ksrEms;
f;dr;=re lshjhs'
19'2 úúO ld, igyka iy j.=
lshjhs'
² o;a; /ia lr ;Sr m%ia;dr uÕska
ksrEmKh lsÍu'
² ;Sr m%ia;dr u`.ska ksrEms; f;dr;=re
lshùu'
² úúO ld, igyka iy j.= lshùu'

xvi
 bf.kqï - b.ekaùï wkql%uh
msgq wxl
m<uq jk jdrh 1' ixLHd - 1 2- 6
2' ixLHd - 2 7- 11
3' tl;= lsÍu 12 - 18
4' ixLHd rgd - 1 19 - 22
5' wvq lsÍu 23 - 30
6' Nd. 31 - 37
7' .=K lsÍu - 1 38 - 43
8' ld,h - 1 44 - 50
9' fn§u - 1 51 - 55
10' È. yd ÿr - 1 56 - 61
11' uqo,a - 1 62 - 67
12' mqkÍCIKh - 1

fo jk jdrh 13' mßudj yd Odß;dj - 1 68 - 74

14' nr uekSu - 1 75 - 80
15' .eg¨ úi£u - 1 81 - 83
16' yev yd >k jia;= 84 - 91
17' o;a; yeisrùu - 1 92 - 97
18' oYu 98 - 101
19' È. yd ÿr - 2 102 - 106
20' uqo,a - 2 107 - 111
21' .=K lsÍu - 2 112 - 117
22' ld,h - 2 118 - 122
23' fn§u - 2 123 - 126
24' mqkÍCIKh - 2

;=ka jk jdrh 25' ÈYd 127 - 131

26' .=KlsÍu - 3 132 - 137
27' mßudj yd Odß;dj - 2 138 - 141
28' fn§u - 3 142 - 146
29' frdau ixLHdxl 147 - 150
30' nr uekSu - 2 151 - 153
31' ixLHd rgd - 2 154 - 156
32' fldaK ie,iqï yd mßudK rEm 157 - 162
33' o;a; yeisrùu - 2 163 - 165
34' .eg¨ úi£u - 2 166 - 168
35' mqkÍlaIKh - 3
36' mqkÍlaIKh - 4
xvii
bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh i|yd
Wmfoia

1
 1 ixLHd - 1

ksmqK;dj ( ² ixLHd y÷kd f.k Ndú; lrhs'

- 100 000 f;la ixLHd y÷kdf.k Ndú; lrhs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² 9 999 f;la l=uk ixLHdjla jqj o lshjhs' b,lalfuka yd jpkfhka

,shhs'
² b,lalï y;f¾ ixLHdj, ia:dkSh w.h olajhs'
² 100 000 f;la ixLHdxl lshjhs' ,shhs' ixLHd kduh ,shhs'
² oi oyiia:dkh f;la ixLHdj, tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEms; w.h
olajhs'
² 99 999g fkdjeä ixLHd ia:dkSh w.h wkqj úysÿjd ,shhs'

jdxud,dj (
² ixLHdj ² ixLHd kduh ² tlia:dkh
² oyhia:dkh ² ishhia:dkh ² oyiia:dkh
² oi oyiia:dkh ² oi oyi ² ixLHdxlh
² ishla oyi ² ia:dkSh w.h

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² .Kl rduq
² mejreï m;%sld ^l%shdldrlïj, i|yka mßÈ&
² ixLHd ,shQ ldâ m;a
² úYd, m%udKfha lvodis
² ixLHd fm;

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( 9 999 f;la ixLHd lshùu iy ,sùu
mshjr 1 (
² b,lalï 3 f;la jQ l=uk fyda ixLHd lsysmhla ,E,af,a ,shd olajkak'
Wod ( 84 101 528 997
² tu tla tla ixLHdfõ ixLHd kduh y~ k.d mejiSug isiqka fhduq lrkak'
999g miq j tk ixLHdj my; olajd we;s mßÈ y÷kajd fokak'

9+1 = 10 oyh
99 + 1 = 100 ishh
999 + 1 = 1000 oyi

2
 ² 0 isg 9 f;la b,lalï ,shQ ldâ m;a fïih u; ;nd isiqjl= bÈßhg le|jd
bka ldâ m;a 4la f.k b,lalï y;f¾ ixLHdjla f,i ixLHd fm;l fyda
mqjrejl fyda /|ùug fhduq lrkak'
² tu ixLHdfõ ixLHd kduh y~ kÕd mejiSug wfkla isiqkag wjia:dj ,nd
fokak'
² fï wdldrhg isik
q a iyNd.s lr .ksñka úúO ixLHd f.dv kÕd tajdfha ixLHd
kduhka y~ kÕd mejiSug fhduq lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiq lKavdhïj,g my; wdldrfha mejreï m;%sld ,nd fokak'

1
3 6
4

) rjqu ;=< we;s b,lalï Ndú; lr b,lalï y;f¾

ixLHd 5la f.dv kÕkak'
) tu tla tla ixLHdfõ ixLHd kduh o ,shkak'

l%shdldrlu 2 ( b,lalï y;f¾ ixLHdj, ia:dkSh w.h y÷kd.ekSu'

mshjr 1 (
² isiqkag fyd|ska fmfkk mßÈ .Kl rduqj ;nkak' leu;s isiqjl=g bÈßm;a
ù .Kl rduqfjka ixLHdjla ksrEmKh lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
Wod (

od is o t
² tu ksrEms; ixLHdj weiqßka isiqkaf.ka my; lreKq úuikak'
) .Kl rduqfõ ta ta ia:dkfha l+rej, .Klj,ska ksrEmKh jk b,lalu
) .Kl rduqfõ ta ta ia:dkfha ia:dkSh w.h
) tlia:dkfha b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h
) oyhia:dkfha b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h
) ishhia:dkfha b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h
) oyiia:dkfha b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h
² .Kl rduqfjka ksrEms; ixLHdj ,shd olajñka ixLHd kduh y~ kÕd mjikak'
² oeka tu ixLHdj úysÿjd ,shk whqre fmkajd fokak'
5 421 5 000 + 400 + 20 + 1
² ta whqßka .Kl rduqfjka úúO ixLHd ksrEmKh lr tu ixLHd úysÿjd ,sùu
f;la l%shdldrlu isÿ lrkak'
3
mshjr 2 (
² isiq lKavdhïj,g b,lalï y;rla ,shQ m;%sldj ne.ska ,nd fokak'
Wod (
1 3 7 0 0 8
8 6 6 2 6 3
² tu m;%sldfõ i|yka b,lalï weiqßka ixLHd lsysmhla idoñka tu ixLHd
úysÿjd ,sùug isiqka fhduq lrkak'
Wod (
6 831 6 000 + 800 + 30 + 1
8 613 8 000 + 600 + 10 + 3

mshjr 3 (
² isiqkag flaj, l%shdldrlula f,i ixLHd úysÿjd ,sùfï wNHdihla iys;
mejreï m;la ,nd fokak'

l%shdldrlu 3 ( 100 000 f;la ixLHd lshùu¦ ,sùu

mshjr 1 (
² 9 999 f;la jQ ixLHdj,ska ixLHd lsysmhla wyUq f,i ,shd olajñka tajdfha
ixLHd kduhka lshùug fhduq lrkak'
² 9 999 + 1 = 10 000 ^oi oyi& f,i isysm;a lrkak'
² my; olajd we;s mßÈ 10 000 isg wdrïN lrñka 100 000 f;la ixLHd isiqka
iu`. y~ kÕd mjikak'
10 000 - oi oyi
20 000 - úis oyi
30 000 - ;sia oyi
'''
'''
100 000 - ishla oyi
² 99 999g miq j tk ixLHdj f,i ishla oyi y÷kajd fokak'
² úYd, ixLHd ,sùfï § y÷kd .ekSfï myiqj i|yd tlia:dkfha isg jï
me;a;g b,lalï ;=fkka ;=kg fjka lr ,shk nj y÷kajd fokak'
² 10 000 isg 20 000 f;la l=uk fyda ixLHdjla ,E,af,a ,shd olajkak' tys
ixLHd kduh isiqka iu`. y~ kÕd mjikak'
² tu ixLHd" ixLHd fm;l we;=<;a lrñka ia:dkSh w.h y÷kd .ekSug isiqka
fhduq lrkak' tkï tlia:dkh" oyhia:dkh" ishhia:dkh" oyiia:dkh
isysm;a lrkak'
² oi oyiia:dkh y÷kajd fokak'

4
 Wod ( 26 147 úis yhoyia tlish y;<sia y;

oi oyfia oyfia ishfha oyfha tfla

tajd tajd tajd tajd tajd
2 6 1 4 7

² ta wdldrfhka 90 000 isg 100 000 olajd ixLHd lsysmhla l%shdldrlï weiqfrka
y÷kajd fokak'

mshjr 2 (
² 10 000 isg 100 000 olajd wyUq f,i ixLHd ,shQ ldâ m;a iy ;rul úYd,
lvodish ne.ska lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'
Wod (
10 100 25 602 38 017 53 900 75 501
² úYd, lvodisfha ixLHd fm;la we|.ekSug fhduq lrkak'
² lKavdhfï tla isiqjl=g ldâm;la ,nd .ekSug Wmfoia fokak'
² tys i|yka ixLHdj mjid ixLHd kduh lshd tu ixLHdj ixLHd fmf;ys
ksjerÈ j ,sùug isiqjd fhduq lrkak'
² tf,i lKavdhfï ieu isiqjl=g u ldâm;la ,nd .ksñka by; l%shdldrlfuys
kshe<Sug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
² lKavdhï l%shdldrlu wjidkfha tla tla lKavdhï ,shQ ixLHd lsysmhla uq¿
mka;shg u wefik fia lSug i,iajkak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm< fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'

l%shdldrlu 4 ( 99 999g fkdjeä ixLHd úysÿjd ,sùu'

mshjr 1 (
² 100 000 olajd ixLHdjla isiqkag ,ndfokak'
Wod ( 68 507
² th fmr l%shdldrlfuys isÿ l< mßÈ ixLHd fm;l olajkak'
oi oyfia oyfia ishfha oyfha tfla
tajd tajd tajd tajd tajd
6 8 5 0 7

² tu ixLHdfõ tla tla b,lalu mj;sk ia:dkh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

Wod ( 7 tlia:dkh
6 oi oyiia:dkh
² tla tla ia:dkfha w.h ms<sn| j o isysm;a lrkak'
Wod ( tlia:dkfha ia:dkSh w.h 1
oyhia:dkfha ia:dkSh w.h 10
5
 ² ta wkqj ta ta ia:dkfha we;s b,lalfuka ksrEms; w.h ms<sn| meyeÈ,s lrkak'
68 507
b,lalu ia:dkh ia:dkSh b,lalfuka
w.h ksrEmKh jk w.h
6 oioyiia:dkh 10 000 60 000
8 oyiia:dkh 1 000 8 000
5 ishia:dkh 100 500
0 oyhia:dkh 10 0
7 tlia:dkh 1 7

² ixLHd úysÿjd ,sùu o fuys § isysm;a lrkak'

Wod ( 68 507 60 000 ¬ 8 000 ¬ 500 ¬ 0 ¬ 7
² b,lalu msysgk ia:dkfha ia:dkSh w.h iy tu b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk
w.h ie,lSfuka ixLHdj úysÿjd ,súh yels nj isysm;a lrkak'
² ;j ÿrg;a ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd ;j;a ixLHd lsysmhla WodyrK f,i fhdod
.kak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiq lKavdhïj,g my; mßÈ mejreï m;%sld ,nd fokak'
Wod (
35 421 ixLHd fm;l ksrEmKh lrkak'
) 4 b,lalu we;s ia:dkh ''''''''''
) tys ia:dkSh w.h ''''''''''
) 4 b,lalfuka ksrEms; w.h ''''''''''

² lKavdhï w;r mejreï m;%sld yqjudre lr .ksñka l%shdldrlfuys ksr;

ùug isiqka fhduq lrkak'
² wNHdi fmdf;ys ms<s;=re ,sùug fhduq lrkak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² lKavdhï l%shdldrlï w;r;=r ksÍlaIKh lsÍu uÕska isiqka wod< bf.kqï m,
lrd <`.d ù we;s o hkak ;yjqre lr .kak'
² isiqkag ;ks ;ks j lsÍu i|yd iqÿiq wNHdi iys; mejreï m;a fhdod .kak'
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fhdod .kak'

6
 2 ixLHd - 2

ksmqK;dj ( ² ixLHd y÷kd f.k Ndú; lrhs'

- 99 999g fkdjeä ixLHd mámdá.; lrhs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² 99 999g fkdjeä ixLHd ;=klska úYd, u ixLHdj yd l=vd u ixLHdj

y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs'
² 99 999g fkdjeä l=uk fyda ixLHd ;=kla mámdá.; lrhs'

jdxud,dj (
² úYd, u ixLHdj ² l=vd u ixLHdj
² wdfrdayK ² wjfrdayK ² mámdá.; lsÍu

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² 0 - 9 f;la ixLHd m;a
² l%shdldrlïj, i|yka ixLHd ,shQ m;%sld
² ixLHd fm;

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( b,lalï fofla" ;=fka iy y;f¾ ixLHd ;=klska úYd, u iy l=vd u
ixLHdj fidhhs'
mshjr 1 (
² b,lalï fofla ixLHd 3la bÈßm;a lrkak'
56" 28" 32
² tu ixLHdj, b,lalï msysá ia:dk ms<sn| isysm;a lrkak'
oyhia:dkh tlia:dkh
5 6
2 8
3 2
² fuys oyhia:dkfha úYd, u b,lalu iys; ixLHdj" ixLHd 3ka úYd, u
ixLHdj nj;a" oyhia:dkfha l=vd u b,lalu iys; ixLHdj ixLHd 3ka l=vd
u ixLHdj nj;a fmkajd fokak'
² ta wkqj"

56 28 32

úYd, u l=vd u
² bka miq b,lalï ;=fka ixLHd 3la bÈßm;a lrkak'

7
 ² bka l=vd u iy úYd, u ixLHd fiúh yels oehs úuikak' yels kï" fidhk
whqre meyeÈ,s lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

541 358 722

² fuys § w.fhka jeä u ia:dkh ishhia:dkh neúka ishhia:dkfha úYd, u
b,lalu iys; ixLHdj" ixLHd 3ka úYd, u jk nj;a fmkajkak'
² ta whqßka l=vd u ixLHdj fidhk whqre o myokak'
² B<`.g ishhia:dkfha tl u b,lalu iys; wjia:djla WodyrK f,i bÈßm;a
lrkak'
5 4 1 5 2 8 3 0 1
² fujeks wjia:djl § úYd, u ixLHdj fidhkafka flfia oehs isiqkaf.ka
úuikak'
² tys § ishhia:dkfha úYd, u b,lalï iys; ixLHd 2l m<uqfjka f;dard
.kakd nj mjikak' tu ixLHd foflka úYd, u ixLHdj fidhd .ekSu i|yd
oyhia:dkfha we;s b,lalï ixikaokh l< hq;= nj fmkajd fokak'
5 4 1 5 2 8
² fuys § oyhia:dkfha jeä w.hla iys; b,lalu i|yka ixLHdj úYd, u
ixLHdj jk nj fmkajd fokak'
² ta wkqj"
541 5 2 8 3 0 1
úYd, u
² my; wdldrfha WodyrKhla o bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( l=vd u ixLHdj fidhkak'
3 5 2 2 5 8 2 1 9
² fuys § ishhia:dkfha l=vd u b,lalu iys; ixLHd foflys oyhia:dkfha
b,lalï 2l ixikaokh lr l=vd u b,lalu iys; ixLHdj l=vd u ixLHdj
f,i f;dard .kakd nj mjikak'
3 5 2 2 5 8 2 1 9
l=vd u
² ta whqßka b,lalï y;f¾ ixLHd 3lska o l=vd u iy úYd, u ixLHd fidhk
whqre meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiq lKavdhïj,g 0 - 9 f;la ixLHd m;a lsysmhla iys; ixLHd m;a lÜg,h
ne.ska ,nd fokak'
² m<uq j isiqka ;=ka fokl=g ixLHd m;a fol ne.ska ,ndf.k b,lalï fofla
ixLHd 3la idod fïih u; ;eîug Wmfoia fokak'
Wod (
2 8 5 6 7 4

8
 ² tf,i idod .;a ixLHdj,ska úYd, u ixLHdj iy l=vd u ixLHdj f;aÍug
fhduq lrkak'
² ta wdldrfhka b,lalï ;=fka iy y;f¾ ixLHd 3 ne.ska o idod úYd, u iy
l=vd u ixLHd fiùug isiqka fhduq lrkak'
² isiq jev m%o¾Ykh lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi i|yd fhduq lrkak'

l%shdldrlu 2 ( b,lalï mylg fkdjeä ixLHd 3lska l=vd u iy úYd, u ixLHdj fiùu'
mshjr 1 (
² ufkdauh .‚;h i|yd my; wdldrfha m%Yak bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( ) 200" 300" 400 ixLHd 3ka l=vd u ixLHdj l=ula o @ úYd, u ixLHdj
l=ula o@
) 563" 325 ixLHd 2ka l=vd u ixLHdj l=ula o @
) 1 452" 1 562 ixLHd foflka úYd, u ixLHdj l=ula o @
) 12" 35" 30 ixLHd ;=fkka l=vd u ixLHdj l=ula o @ úYd, u ixLHdj
l=ula o @
² ixLHd úysÿjd ,sùfuka l=vd u iy úYd, u ixLHd fidhk whqre meyeÈ,s
lrkak'
Wod (
8 762 8 000 + 700 + 60 + 2
3 424 3 000 + 400 + 20 + 4
1 095 1 000 + 0 + 90 + 5
² oyiia:dkfha b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk ixLHdfjka úYd, u iy l=vd u
ixLHdj fidhk whqre meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² ta whqßka u b,lalï 5la iys; ixLHd 3la o WodyrK f,i bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( 18 508, 33 240, 61 088
² tjeks ixLHd ;=klska úYd, u iy l=vd u ixLHd" ixLHd úysÿjd ,sùu uÕska
fidhk whqre meyeÈ,s lrkak'
Wod (
18 508 10 000 + 8 000 + 500 + 0 + 8
33 240 30 000 + 3 000 + 200 + 40 + 0
61 088 60 000 + 1 000 + 0 + 80 + 8

² b,lalï 5g fkdjeä ixLHd ;=klska úYd, u iy l=vd u ixLHd fidhk

whqre isiqka ;=< ;yjqre jk f;la WodyrK lsysmhla fhdod .kak'

9
mshjr 2
² b,lalï ;=fka" y;f¾ iy mfya ixLHd ,shQ ixLHd m;a lÜg,hla iy ;rul
úYd, m%udKfha lvodishla ne.ska isiq lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'
Wod (
54 543 14 628 5 652

20 608 77 507 7 821

76 500 6 223 8 023

² jrlg ixLHd m;a 3 ne.ska f;dard fïih u; ;nk f,ig Wmfoia ,nd
fokak' ^m<uq j b,lalï y;f¾ iy mfya ixLHd m;a lÜg,a fjk fjk u
o bka miq ixLHd m;a ñY% j o ,nd .ekSug fhduq lrkak'&
² ixLHd m;aj, i|yka ixLHd úYd, lvodisfha i|yka lr" úysÿjd ,shd
olajñka l=vd u iy úYd, u ixLHd fiùug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

l%shdldrlu 3 ( b,lalï 5lg fkdjeä l=uk fyda ixLHd ;=kla mámdá.; lsÍu
mshjr 1 (
² ufkdauh .Ks;h iy fmr oekqu u;la lsÍu i|yd my; wdldrfha m%Yakj,g
ms<s;=re §ug isiqkag wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
Wod ( ) 345" 827 ixLHd foflka úYd, ixLHdj l=ula o @
) 9 150 ixLHdfõ ishhia:dkfha msysá b,lalu l=ula o @ thska
oelafjk w.h lSh o @
) 566 iy 506 ixLHd foflka l=vd ixLHdj l=ula o @
² 0 isg 9 f;la b,lalï ,shQ ixLHd m;a lÜg,hla ilid .kak'
0 " 1 " 2 " ' ' ' " 9
² isiqka mia fofkl= bÈßhg le|jd tla ixLHd m; ne.ska ixLHd m;a 5la ,nd
.ekSug mjikak'
² tu ixLHd m;a 5 mqjrefõ w,jd m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
² tu ixLHdj fhdod .ksñka ieÈh yels tlsfklg fjkia b,lalï mfya
ixLHd 3la mejiSug isiqkag wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
Wod (
2 5 9 7 1
25 971 59 271 97 125
² tu ixLHdj, ixLHd kdu y~ k`.d mejiSug o isiqka fhduq lrkak'
Wod (
25 971 - úis mkaoyia kjish ye;a;E tl

59 271 - mkia kjoyia foish ye;a;E tl

97 125 - wkQ y;aoyia tlish úis my

² tu ixLHd ;=fkka m<uq j l=vd u ixLHdj y÷kd f.k m%ldY lsÍug isiqkag
wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
10
 ² fuys § ixLHdj," b,lalïj, úYd,;ajh;a msysàu;a i,lñka l=vd u ixLHdj
f;dard .ekSug fhduq lrkak'
Wod 25 971
² oeka b;=re ixLHd foflka l=vd ixLHdj m%ldY lrk f,i mjid tu ixLHdj;a
,shkak'
25 971" 59 271
² b;=re ixLHdj úYd, u ixLHdj jk neúka th wjidkhg igyka lsÍug
fhduq lrkak'
25 971" 59 271" 97 125
² tu ixLHd l=vd u ixLHdfõ isg úYd, u ixLHdj f;la wkqms<sfj<ska" tkï
wdfrdayK ms<sfj<g ,shd we;s nj fmkajd fokak'
² úYd, ixLHdfõ isg l=vd u ixLHdj f;la wjfrdayK ms<f
s j<g o ,shd fmkajkak'
² by; wdldrhg isiqka ;=< ixLHd mámdá.; lsÍu ^wdfrdayK iy
wjfrdayK ms<sfj,g& ;yjqre jk f;la WodyrK lsysmhla isiq iyNd.s;ajh
iys; j isÿ lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiq lKavdhïj,g 0 isg 9 f;la ,shQ ixLHd m;a lÜg,hla iy A4 lvodish
ne.ska ,nd fokak'
² jrlg isiqka mia fofkl=g ixLHd m;a lÜg,fhka ixLHd m;a 5la f;dard
fïih u; ;eîug Wmfoia fokak'
² tu ixLHd m;a 5ka b,lalï mfya ixLHd 3la f.dvk`.d A4 lvodisfha ,sùug
isiqka fhduq lrkak'
² tu ixLHd wdfrdayK fyda wjfrdayK fyda l%uhg mámdá.; lsÍug isiqkag
wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
² fï wdldrhg jdr lsysmhla ixLHd f.dv keÕSug iy mámdá.; lsÍug
fhduq lrkak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fhdod .kak'

l%shdldrlu 4 iy 5 (
² ixLHd mámdá.; lsÍu ms<sn| wjfndaOh isiqka ;=< ;j ÿrg;a ;yjqre lsÍu
i|yd iqÿiq l%shdldrlï ie,iqï lr .kak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² isiqka lKavdhï l%shdldrlïj, ksr; jk w;r;=r ksÍlaIKh iy m%Yak
weiSu isÿ lrkak'
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi iy iqÿiq mejreï m;a fhdod .kak'

11
 3 tl;= lsÍu

ksmqK;dj ( ² ixLHd tl;= lsÍfï .eg¨ úi|hs'

- b,lalï y;r f;la jQ ixLHd tl;= lsÍfï .eg¨ úi|hs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² f.khdu tla wjia:djla iys; b,lalï y;r f;la jQ ixLHd folla
tl;= lrhs'
² f.khdu wjia:d folla iys; b,lalï y;f¾ ixLHd folla tl;= lrhs'
² f.khdu wjia:d follg jeä b,lalï y;r f;la jQ ixLHd folla
tl;= lrhs'
² b,lalï y;r f;la jQ ixLHd ;=kla f.khdu iys; j tl;= lsÍfï
.eg¨ úi|hs'
jdxud,dj (
² tl;= lsÍu ² f.khdu
² tfla tajd ² oyfha tajd ² ishfha tajd
² oyfia tajd ² tl;=j

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² l%shdldrlïj, i|yka wdldrfha mejreï m;%sld
² ãkaia leg
² .Kl rduq
² ixLHd fm;

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( f.k hdu tla wjia:djla iys; b,lalï y;r f;la jQ ixLHd folla
tl;= lsÍu'
mshjr 1 (
² 20 f;la ixLHd nkaOk weiqßka ufkdauh j úi|d ms<s;=re §u i|yd my;
wdldrfha .eg¨ bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod (
7¬6 12 ¬ 4 8¬9
17 ¬ 2 3¬5 3¬3

) isiqka 8 fofkl= iñ;shl idudðlhska ù isáhd' ;j;a isiqka 3ka

fofkl= iñ;shg ne÷Kd' iñ;sfha uq¿ idudðlhka .Kk lSh o@
² tjeks ixLHd nkaOk ufkdauh j úi£fï § fhdod .; yels úúO Wml%u
lsysmhla fmkajd fokak'

12
 Wod (
6+6+1 7+7-1

7+6

6+4+3 7+3+3

8+8+1 8+2+7

8+9

9+9-1
² fujeks l%u lsym
s hlska isik
q g
a jvd;a myiq l%ufõoh y÷kd .ekSug i,iajkak'
² my; wdldrfha tl;= lsÍfï oduhla isiqkag meyeÈ,s j fmfkk mßÈ we|
fmkajkak'

¬78 ¬59
56 '''''' ''''''
¬281

¬1253 ¬1208
'''''' '''''' ''''''

² tla tla mshjf¾ § tl;=j fidhk whqre fmkajd fokak'

Wod (
56 134
¬ 78 ¬ 59
134

² ta wdldrfhka f.k hdu tla wjia:djla iys; b,lalï y;r f;la jQ ixLHd
folla tl;= lsÍfï WodyrK lsysmhla isiqka iuÕ úi|kak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï lr ixLHd m;a lÜg,hla ne.ska ,nd fokak'
Wod (
1294 3629 6239

4245 520 2019

13
 ² .=rejrhd mjik ixLHdj ms<;s r
= f,i ,efnkafka ljr ixLHd m;aj, ixLHd
fol tl;= lsÍfuka oehs fiùug isiq lKavdhïj,g wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
² tu tl;= lsÍu lvodishl fyda wNHdi fmdf;a fyda ,shd fmkaùug Wmfoia
,nd fokak'

l%shdldrlu 2 ( f.k hdu wjia:d folla iys; b,lalï y;f¾ ixLHd tl;= lsÍu'
mshjr 1 (
² ufkdauh .‚;h i|yd my; wdldrfha tl;= lsÍï lsym
s hla i|yd ms<;
s r
= e ,nd
.kak'

5¬9} 8¬9}

6¬7} 5¬6}
² f.khdï wjia:d folla iys; my; wdldrfha tl;= lsÍfï .eg¨jla úi£ug
isiqka iyNd.s lrjd .kak'
4597
¬ 3023

² tys §" f.khdu isÿjk whqre meyeÈ,s lrkak'

1 1
4597 4597 4597
¬ 3023 ¬ 3023 ¬ 3023
0 20 7620

² tl;= lsÍu meyeÈ,s lsÍu i|yd wjYH mßÈ ãkaia leg$.Kl rduq$ixLHd
fm; Ndú; lrkak'

od is o t
1 1

4 5 9 7
3 0 2 3
7 6 2 0
) tfla tajdfha tl;=j 7 ¬ 3 } 10 ^oyfha tajd 1hs tfla tajd 0hs'&
) oyfha tajdfha tl;=j 9 ¬ 2 iy tfla ;Srfhka f.fkk ,o 1 tl;= l<
úg oyfha tajd 12 hs' ^ishfha tajd 1 hs' oyfha tajd 2 hs'&
) ishfha tajdfha tl;=j 5 ¬ 0 iy oyfha ;Srfhka f.fkk ,o 1 tl;=
l< úg" ishfha tajd 6 hs'
) oyfia tajdfha tl;=j 4 ¬ 3 } 7

14
 ² ixLHd úysÿjd ,shñka tl;=j ,nd .kakd whqre o meyeÈ,s lrkak'

od is o t
100 10

4 5 9 7 4000 ¬ 500 ¬ 90 ¬ 7
3 0 2 3 3000 ¬ 0 ¬ 20 ¬ 3
7 6 2 0 7000 ¬ 600 ¬ 20 ¬ 0

² f.k hdfï wjia:d 2la iys; b,lalï y;r f;la jQ ixLHd 2la tl;= lsÍu
m%.=K jk f;la .eg¨ lsysmhla isiqka iuÕ idlÉPd lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï lr my; wdldrfha ixLHd m;a isiq lKavdhïj,g
,nd fokak'
A B

4750 4368
6809 1258

9910 7190

² A ixLHd mf;ys l=uk fyda ixLHdjla B ixLHd mf;ys l=uk fyda ixLHdjla
iuÕ tl;= lr tl;=j fidhk f,i mjikak'
² lKavdhfï ieu isiqjl=g u wjia:dj ,efnk mßÈ l%shdldrlï isÿ lrkak'
² tu tl;= lsÍu wNHdi fmdf;a fyda lvodishl fyda ,shd fmkaùug Wmfoia
fokak'

l%shdldrlu 3 ( f.k hdu wjia:d follg jeä b,lalï y;r f;la jQ ixLHd tl;=
lsÍu'
mshjr 1 (
² tl;=j 20 f;la jQ ixLHd nkaOk u;la lrkak'
² 13 ¬ 12" 26 ¬ 13 jeks f.k hdu rys; b,lalï fofla ixLHd foll tl;=j
ukiska úi£ug o wjia:dj fokak'
² my; oelafjk wdldrfha f.k hdfï wjia:d 3la iys; .eg¨jla isiqkag
bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( mdi,a foll bf.kqu ,nk isiqka ixLHd my; oelafõ'

isiqka ixLHdj
A mdi, 2138
B mdi, 1986

15
 tu f;dr;=re weiqßka mdi,a foflys u bf.k .kakd uq¿ isiqka ixLHdj
fidhk whqre meyeÈ,s lrkak'
111
213 8
¬1986
4 124

² tfla tajd ;Srfhka" oyfha tajd ;Srfhka iy ishfha tajd ;Srfhka f.k hdu
iys; j tl;= lsÍu isÿ lrk whqre isiqkag fmkajd fokak'
² tu ixLHd fol úysÿjd ,shñka tl;=j ,nd.kakd whqre o myokak'

od is o t
1000 100 10

2 1 3 8 2000 ¬ 100 ¬ 30 ¬ 8
1 9 8 6 1000 ¬ 900 ¬ 80 ¬ 6
4 1 2 4 4000 ¬ 100 ¬ 20 ¬ 4

² tjeks .eg¨ lsysmhla úi|ñka f.k hdfï wjia:d 3la iys; j tl;= lsÍu
isiqka ;=< m%.=K lrjkak'

mshjr 2 (
² my; wdldrfha mejreï m;%sld isiq lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'
Wod (

j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'

mdi, .eyekq <uhska msßñ <uhska tl;=j

ixLHdj ixLHdj
A 1678 1354 ''''''''
B 1593 1668 ''''''''
'''''''' '''''''' ''''''''

² lKavdhï w;r mejreï m;%l

s d yqjudre lr .ksñka .eg¨ úi£ug isik
q a fhduq
lrkak'
² isiqka lKavdhï l%shdldrlïj, ksr; jk whqre ksÍlaIKh lrkak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

16
l%shdldrlu 4 ( f.k hdu iys; j tl;= lsÍfï .eg¨ úi£u'
mshjr 1 (
² tl;=j 20 f;la jQ ixLHd nkaOk isysm;a lrkak'
² f.k hdu rys; ixLHd ;=kl tl;=j ukiska .Kkh lsÍu i|yd .eg¨
bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( 12 g 13la tl;= lrkak' ms<s;=rg kej;;a 11la tl;= l< úg ms<s;=r
lSh o @
² m,;=re îu lïy,l ksmojQ m,;=re îu fnda;,a ixLHdj ms<sn| úia;r
oelafjk my; j.=j isiqkag meyeÈ,s j fmfkk mßÈ m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

wU îu fodvï îu
ckjdß 1532 1375
fmnrjdß 836 911
ud¾;= 2462 2458

² tu j.=j weiqßka isiqkag .eg¨ lsysmhla bÈßm;a lrkak'

Wod ( ) ckjdß udifhys ksmojQ uq¿ îu fnda;,a ixLHdj lSh o @
) ud¾;= udifhys ksmojQ uq¿ îu fnda;,a ixLHdj lSh o @
) udi 3ys ksmojQ uq¿ wU îu fnda;,a ixLHdj lSh o @
) udi 3ys ksmojQ uq¿ fodvï îu fnda;,a ixLHdj lSh o @
² f.khdï iys; tl;= lsÍïj, § ia:dkSh w.h i,ld n,ñka ms<s;=re ,nd
.kakd whqre isiqka iuÕ idlÉPd lrkak'
² ;j ÿrg;a wmyiq;d olajk isiqyq fj;a kï ixLHd úysÿjd ,shñka fyda ixLHd
fm; Ndú; lrñka fyda tl;=j fidhk whqre meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
² my; wdldrfha .eg¨ i|yka mejreï m;%sld isiq lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'

) u,a me< ;jdkl boao me< 3874la o" ´lsâ me< 2579la o"
frdai me< 1023la o ;sì‚' uq¿ me< ixLHdj fidhkak'
) m,;=re j;a;lska wU f.ä 2853la o" rUqgka f.ä 3678la o"
fmar f.ä 1350la o wiajekak f,i ,eî ;sì‚' ,enqKq uq¿
f.ä ixLHdj fidhkak'

17
 jdr 3la ;=< fmd,a j;= follska lvk ,o fmd,a f.ä ixLHd my;
oelafõ'

A j;a; B j;a;
wfm%a,a 1958 1050
cQks 3578 2986
wf.daia;= 1048 1184
) cQks udifha j;= foflys u levQ uq¿ fmd,a .Kk lSh o @
) A j;af;ys jdr ;=fkys u levQ uq¿ fmd,a .Kk lSh o @
) B j;af;ys jdr ;=fkys u levQ uq¿ fmd,a .Kk lSh o @

² mejreï m;%sld yqjudre lr .ksñka isiqka lKavdhï l%shdldrlïj, ksr;

lrjkak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² isiqkag ;ks ;ks j úi£u i|yd iqÿiq wNHdi we;=<;a mejreï fhdod .kak'
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fhdod .kak'

18
 4 ixLHd rgd - 1
ksmqK;dj ( ² ixLHd rgd f.dvk`.hs'
- fmdÿ wka;rh 2 isg 10 f;la jQ ixLHd rgd f.dvk`.hs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² fmdÿ wka;rh 2 isg 5 f;la jQ ixLHd rgd f.dvk`.hs'

² fmdÿ wka;rh 6 isg 10 f;la jQ ixLHd rgd f.dvk`.hs'
² § we;s ixLHd rgdjl rgdj y÷kd f.k tu ixLHd rgdj ;j ÿrg;a
f.dvk`.hs'

jdxud,dj ( ² ixLHd rgd

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² 1 isg 50 f;la ixLHd m;a

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( y;r jk fY%a‚fha § bf.k .;a fmdÿ wka;rh 2 isg 5 f;la jQ iy 10
jQ ixLHd rgd kej; u;la lsÍu'
mshjr 1 (
² ixLHd rgd ms<sn| j isiqkaf.a fmr oekqu u;la lsÍu i|yd ufkdauh .‚;h
fjkqfjka ñks;a;= lsysmhla .; lrkak'
Wod ( ) 1g 2la tl;= l< úg W;a;rh lSh o @
) 3g 2la tl;= l< úg W;a;rh lSh o @
) 5g 2la tl;= l< úg W;a;rh lSh o @
1" 3" 5" 7" '''''''''" '''''''''
² fï wdldrhg wdrïNl ixLHdj fjkia lr fol ne.ska tl;= l< úg ,efnk
B<`. ixLHdj úuikak'
² 1 isg 40 f;la ixLHd m;a fïih u; ;nkak'
² tu ixLHd m;a wdY%hfhka isiqka o iyNd.s lr .ksñka ixLHd rgd lsysmhla
f.dv k`.kak'
Wod ( tla isiqjl=g 10g wvq ixLHdjla mejiSug lshkak' tu ixLHdjg wod<
ixLHd m; l`M,E,af,a fyda mqjrejl fyda mka;sfha ish¨ fokdg u
fmfkk f,i r|jkak' fofla rgdjla iEfok f,i ixLHd m;a ;eîug
fjk;a isiqjl=g wjia:dj fokak'
5 7 9 11

² fuf,i fmdÿ wka;rh 2" 3" 4" 5 yd 10 jk ixLHd rgd f.dvke`.Sug isiqkag
wjia:dj fokak' f.dvk`.k tla tla rgdj l`M,E,af,a ,shd olajkak'
19
mshjr 2 (
² mka;sfha isiqka l=vd lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug 2" 3" 4" 5 yd 10 iys; ixLHd m;a tl isiqjl=g tlla j;a
,efnk fia fnod fokak'
² lKavdhug ,enqKq ixLHd m;a ixLHd fkdfmfkk fia yrjd fïih u;
;eîug lshkak'
² lKavdhfï tla tla idudðlhdg ixLHd m; ne.ska f.k ;ukag ,enqKq
ixLHdjg wod< ixLHd rgdjla f.dvk`.d m%ldY lsÍug i,iajkak'
Wod ( —3˜ ixLHdj ,enqfKa kï wdrïNl ixLHdj f,i ;uka leu;s ixLHdjla
f.k ;=fkys rgdjla f.dvkeÕSu'
² tu rgdj lvodishl ,sùug i,iajkak'
² tla tla isij
q d f.dvk`.k rgd ksjerÈ oehs ne,Sug wfkla isik
q a fhduq lrkak'
² fuf,i tla tla lKavdhu ixLHd rgd lsysmhla f.dvke`.Sug fhduq lrkak'
² tu ixLHd rgd Tjqkaf.a wNHdi fmd;aj, ,shd .ekSug i,iajkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug fmdÿ wka;rh 2" 3" 4" 5 yd 10 jk ixLHd rgdj ne.ska
mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi i|yd isiqka fhduq lrkak'

l%shdldrlu 2 ( fmdÿ wka;rh 6 jQ ixLHd rgd f.dvke`.Su'

mshjr 1 (
² fmr bf.k .;a fmdÿ wka;rh 2" 3" 4" 5 iy 10 jQ ixLHd rgd u;la jk f,i
ufkdauh m%Yak lsysmhla isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( ) B<`.g tk ixLHdj lshkak'
1" 3" 5" 7" ' ' '"
5" 10" 15" 20" ' ' '
² my; rgdj l`M,E,af,a ,shkak'
Wod ( 1" 6" 11" 16" 21" 26
² tu rgdj l=uk wdldrfha rgdjla oehs m%ldY lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'
² isik
q a 5ys rgdjla f,i y÷kd .;a úg tf,i y÷kd .;af;a flfia oehs úuikak'
² tu`.ska —miq ixLHdfjka fmr ixLHdj wvq l< úg fjki 5la nj o˜ tfia u
—fmr ixLHdjg 5la tl;= l< úg miq ixLHdj ,eî we;s nj o˜ hk ms<s;=re
isiqkaf.ka ,nd .ekSug isiqka fufyhjkak'
² my; rgdj l`M,E,af,a ,shkak'
6" 12" 18" 24" 30" ' ' '
² by; rgdj y÷kd .;a whqßka fuu rgdj y÷kd .ekSug isiqkag wjia:dj
fokak' tu`.ska fuh 6ys rgdjla nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

20
 ² wdrïNl ixLHdj fjkia lrñka fmdÿ wka;rh 6 jk ixLHd rgd lsysmhla
ixLHd m;a weiqfrka isiqka o iyNd.s lr .ksñka f.dvk`.kak'
Wod ( 1" 7" 13" 19" 25
3" 9" 15" 21" 27

mshjr 2 (
² lKavdhulg Wmßu i fokd ne.ska jk fia isik
q a lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug 1 isg 24 f;la ixLHd iys; ixLHd m;a lÜg,h
ne.ska fnod fokak'
² lKavdhfï isiqyq i fofkla isá;a kï tla whl=g tl ne.ska 1 isg 6
f;la ixLHd m;a .ekSug lshkak'
² oeka ;ukag ,enqKq ixLHdj wdrïNl ixLHdj f,i f.k tla isiqjl=g fmdÿ
wka;rh 6 jk ixLHd rgdjla ixLHd m;a fhdod f.k f.dvke`.Sug lshkak'
th ksjerÈ oehs ish¨ fokd u y÷kd .;a miq lvodishl ,sùug lshkak'
² fï wdldrhg ieu isiqjl= <Õ u ;sfnk ixLHd m; wdrïNl ixLHdj f,i
f.k ixLHd rgd f.dvkeÕSug fhduq lrkak'
² tu ixLHd m;a ish,a, fhdod f.k fmdÿ wka;rh 6 jk ixLHd rgd 6la
f.dvk`.d ;sìh hq;= h'
² tu ixLHd rgd ksjerÈ oehs n,d isiqkaf.a wNHdi fmd;aj, ,shd .ekSug
i,iajkak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiqka fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug fhduq lrkak'

l%shdldrlu 3 ( fmdÿ wka;rh 7 jQ ixLHd rgd f.dvke`.Su'

mshjr 1 (
² fuhg fmr bf.k .;a ixLHd rgd ms<sn| j kej; u;la lrkak'
² isiqjl=g 5g wvq l=uk fyda ixLHdjla mejiSug lshkak' th l`M,E,af,a
,shkak'
Wod ( 2
² thg 7la tl;= l< úg ,efnk ixLHdj mejiSug lshkak' th o l,ska
ixLHdj wi,ska ,shkak'
Wod ( 2" 9
² fuf,i isik
q a o iyNd.s lr .ksñka fmdÿ wka;rh 7 jk rgdjla f.dv k`.kak'
Wod ( 2" 9" 16" 23" 30
² oeka fuys rgdj l=ula oehs isiqkaf.ka úuikak' fidhd .kakd wdldrh u;la
lrkak' tu`.ska fuh 7ys ixLHd rgdjla nj y÷kajd fokak'
² fï wdldrhg fmdÿ wka;rh 7 jk ixLHd rgd lsysmhla isiqka o iyNd.s lr
.ksñka f.dv k`.kak'

21
mshjr 2 (
² mka;sh l=vd lKavdhï jYfhka ixúOdkh lrkak'
² lKavdhfï tla isiqjl=g ixLHdjla mejiSug lshkak'
² wfkla isiqkag 7ys ixLHd rgdjla f.dvkef`.k fia udrefjka udrejg ixLHd
mejiSug lshkak'
² ixLHd m%ldY lrk w;r tu rgdj Tjqkf
a .a wNHdi fmdf;ys ,shd .ekSug lshkak'
² fï wdldrhg lKavdhu tl;= ù 7ys ixLHd rgd 5la j;a f.dvke`.Sug wjia:dj
fokak' wjYH isik
q a i|yd Wojq lsÍug lKavdhfï wfkla isik
q a fhduq lrkak'
² lKavdhï f.dvke`.+ ixLHd rgd mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'
² tla tla lKavdhï f.dvke`.+ ixLHd rgd wNHdi fmdf;a ,sùug fhduq lrkak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

l%shdldrlu 4 (
² by; l%shdldrlï wdldrhg fmdÿ wka;rh 8 jQ ixLHd rgd isiqkag y÷kajd §u
i|yd iqÿiq l%shdldrlula ie,iqï lr .kak'
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

l%shdldrlu 5 (
² fmdÿ wka;rh 9 jQ ixLHd rgd isiqkag y÷kajd §ug iqÿiq l%shdldrlula
ie,iqï lr .kak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² tla tla l%shdldrlï w;r;=r ksÍlaIKh iy m%Yak weiSu uÕska isiqyq ksjerÈ j
ixLHd rgd f.dvk`.;s o hkak ;yjqre lr .kak'
² isik
q a l< hq;= ;ks jev f,i my; wdldrfha wNHdi iy fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi
fhdod .kak'
Wod ( rgdj y÷kd f.k ysia;ekg tk ixLHdj ,shkak'
1' 2" 7" 12" 17" '''''" '''''
2' 1" 7" 13" 19" '''''" '''''
3' '''''" ''''''" 18" 24" 30" 36
4' 2" 9" 16" 23" '''''" '''''
5' '''''" '''''" 35" 42" 49
6' 3" 11" 19" 27" '''''" '''''
7' '''''" ''''''" 54" 63" 72" '''''
² fifuka bf.k .kakd isiqka i|yd ir, ixLHd rgd muKla f.dvke`.Su fyda
ir, ixLHd rgd we;=<;a mejreï fyda fhdod .kak'

22
 5 wvq lsÍu
ksmqK;dj ( ² ixLHd wvq lsÍfï .eg¨ úi|hs'
- b,lalï y;rlg fkdjeä ixLHdjlska ;j;a ixLHdjla wvq
lsÍfï .eg¨ úi|hs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHdjlska thg wvq ixLHdjla ^f.k tau tla
ia:dkhlska muKla iys; j& wvq lsÍfï .eg¨ úi|hs'
² b,lalï y;f¾ ixLHdjlska thg wvq ixLHdjla ^f.k tau tla
ia:dkhlska muKla iys; j& wvq lr ms<s;=r m%ldY lrhs'
² b,lalï y;r f;la jQ ixLHdjlska ;j;a ixLHdjla ^f.k tau
wjia:d folla iys; j& wvqlr ms<s;=r m%ldY lrhs'
² b,lalï y;r f;la jQ ixLHdjlska ;j;a ixLHdjla wvq lsÍfï .eg¨
úi|hs'

jdxud,dj (
² wvq lsÍu ² f.ktau
² wvq ² jeä ² fjki

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² l%shdldrlïj, i|yka .eg¨ ,shQ m;%sld iy úYd, m%udKfha lvodis

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHdjlska thg wvq ixLHdjla wvq lsÍfï .eg¨
úi£u'
mshjr 1 (
² wvq lsÍfï uQ,sl wjia:d isysm;a lsÍu i|yd my; wdldrfha .eg¨ ukiska
úi|kakg i,iajd ms<s;=re ,nd .kak'
Wod ( 9 -7 7-3 8-4
² tu .eg¨j,g ms<s;=re ,nd .ekSfuka wk;=re j my; oelafjk wdldrfha wvq
lsÍï ukiska úi|kakg i,iajd ms<s;=re ,nd .kak'
Wod (
17 - 9 11 - 8 16 - 7
13 - 6 14 - 5 12 - 3
² b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHdjlska thg wvq ixLHdjla" f.k tau tla
ia:dkhlska muKla iys; j wvq lsÍu we;=<;a my; wdldrfha .eg¨jla
isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( mdi,l isák uq¿ isiqka ixLHdj 685ls' thska 339 fofkla .eyekq <uhs
fj;s' tys bf.kqu ,nk msßñ <uhska ixLHdj lSh o @
23
 ² .eg¨j isiqka ,jd lshjkak' .eg¨j úi|k wdldrh m%ldY lsÍug isiqkag
wjia:dj fokak'
² tuÕska 685ka 339la wvq l< úg ms<s;=r ,efnk nj y÷kd .ekSug isiqka fhduq
lrkak'
Wod ( 685
- 339

² ixLHd fm; wdOdrfhka .eg¨j úi|k whqre fmkajd fokak'

is o t
1 (10)
6 8 (7) 5
3 3 9
3 4 6
² .eg¨j úi|k whqre my; wdldrhg meyeÈ,s lrkak'
tlia:dkfha 5ka 9la wvq lsÍug fkdyels neúka oyhia:dkfha 8ka
1la f.k tkq ,nhs'
túg tlia:dkhg 10la tl;= jk w;r oeka tlia:dkfha we;s 15ka
9la wvq lrhs' túg oyhia:dkfha b;=re jkafka 7ls' wvq lsÍu ta
wkqj isÿ lrk whqre meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² ixLHd úysÿjd ,shñka o .eg¨j úi|k whqre wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
70 ^10&

6 8 5 600 ¬ 80 ¬ 5
-3 3 9 300 ¬ 30 ¬ 9
3 4 6 300 ¬ 40 ¬ 6

² ;jÿrg;a wmyiq;d olajk isiyq q fj;a kï .Kl fm;$.Kl rduqj fhdod

.ksñka wvq lsÍu wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
² b,lalï 3 f;la jQ ixLHdjlska thg wvq ixLHdjla f.k tau iys; j wvq
lsÍu ;yjqre jk f;la by; l%shdldrlfuys isiqka ksr; lrjkak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï lrkak'
² isiq lKavdhïj,g my; wdldrfha ixLHd m;a hq., ne.ska ,nd fokak'
A B
413 283
891 326
645 237
918 324

24
 ² A ixLHd mf;ys i|yka ljr fyda ixLHdjlska B ixLHd mf;ys i|yka ljr
fyda ixLHdjla wvq lr ms<s;=re fiùug isiqka fhduq lrkak' wvq lsÍu isiq
wNHdi fmdf;ys fyda lvodishl fyda ,shd fmkaùug isiqkag Wmfoia ,nd
fokak'
² ieu isiqjl=g u wjia:dj ,efnk mßÈ fuu l%shdldrlu lsysm jdrhla isÿ
lsÍug isiqka fhduq lrkak'

mshjr 3 (
² fm<fmdf;ys fuu l%shdldrlug wod< .eg¨ úi£ug isiqkag wjia:dj
fokak'

l%shdldrlu 2 ( b,lalï y;f¾ ixLHdjlska thg wvq ixLHdjla wvq lsÍfï .eg¨
úi£u'
mshjr 1 (
² ukiska úi|d ms<s;=re ,nd.ekSu i|yd my; wdldrfha m%Yak lsysmhla
isiqkaf.ka úuikak'
Wod ( ) 18ka 3la bj;a l< úg b;=re lSh o @
) 19ka 5la bj;a l< úg lShla b;=re o @
) ókd <Õ rUqgka 9la we;' thska 3la frdaisg ÿka miq ókd <Õ rUqgka
lShla ;sfí o @
) iuka <Õ wU f.ä 8la we;' u,s;a <Õ wU f.ä 3la we;' fofokd
<Õ we;s wU f.ä .Kk iudk ùug u,s;ag ;j wU f.ä lShla
wjYH o @
) fmÜáhlg úiaflda;= melÜgq 10la oeñh yels h' tys we;af;a 6ls'
;j úiaflda;= melÜgq lShla thg oeñh yels o @
² my; wdldrfha .eg¨jla isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( j;a;lska rUqgka f.ä 3526la lvd .kakd ,È' bka f.ä 154la lEug
kqiqÿiq neúka bj;a lrk ,È' b;sßfhka f.ä 2450la úlsŒfuka miq
b;=re rUqgka mßfNdackhg ,nd.kakd ,È'
² by; m%ldYh y~ kÕd lshùug isiqka fhduq lrkak'
² lEug kqiqÿiq rUqgka f.ä bj;a l< miq b;=re jQ uq¿ rUqgka f.ä ixLHdj
fidhkafka flfia oehs isiqkaf.ka úuikak'
² th my; wdldrhg meyeÈ,s lrkak'
4 4 4
3 5 2 6 3 5 2 6 3 5 2 6 3 5 2 6
-1 5 4 -1 5 4 -1 5 4 -1 5 4
2 7 2 3 7 2 3 3 7 2

² wjYH mßÈ .eg¨j úi£u i|yd ixLHd fm;$.Kl fm;$.Kl rduqj fhdod
.kak'
25
 ² by; .eg¨fõ oelafjk ishhia:dkfhka oyhia:dkhg f.k tafï wjia:dj
fyd¢ka meyeÈ,s lrñka wvq lsÍu isÿ lrkak'
² ;j ÿrg;a meyeÈ,s lsÍu i|yd ixLHd úysÿjd ,shñka wvq lsÍu isÿ lrk whqre
fmkajd fokak'
od is o t 400 100

3 5 2 6 3000 ¬ 500 ¬ 20 ¬ 6
- 1 5 4 - 100 ¬ 50 ¬ 4
3 3 7 2 3000 ¬ 300 ¬ 70 ¬ 2

² .eg¨fõ fojk fldgi f,i —rUqgka úlsŒfuka wk;=re j mßfNdackhg

b;=re jQ rUqgka ixLHdj lSh o @˜ hkak bÈßm;a lrkak' th úi|k whqre
fmkajd fokak'
2000 ^1000&

3 3 7 2 3000 ¬ 300 ¬ 70 ¬ 2
-2 4 5 0 - 2000 ¬ 400 ¬ 50 ¬ 0
0 9 2 2 0 ¬ 900 ¬ 20 ¬ 2

² fuys §" oyiia:dkfhka ishhia:dkhg f.k tau isÿ lrk whqre meyeÈ,s j
wjOdrKh lrkak'
² b,lalï y;f¾ ixLHdjlska thg wvq ixLHdjla ^f.k tau tla ia:dkhlska
muKla iys; j& wvq lsÍu ;yjqre jk f;la ;j;a .eg¨ lsysmhla isiqka
iuÕ úi|kak'

mshjr 2 (
² my; wdldrfha .eg¨ i|yka m;%sld isiq lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'
Wod (

^1& ^2&
ÿïßh kej;=ïm<lg Èkl uÕSka 4497 fokl= i÷od
§ we;=¿ jQ uÕSka ixLHdj Èk ÿïßh m<lg we;=¿ jQ
4497la jk w;r msg jQ u.Ska w;r tu Èkfha msg jQ uÕSka
ixLHdj 2359ls' we;=¿ jQ iy ixLHdj 2359ls' we;=¿ jQ
msg jQ uÕSka ixLHdj w;r ixLHdj msg jQ u.Ska ixLHdjg
fjki fldmuK o@ jvd fldmuK jeä o @

26
 ^3&
tla;rd Èkl § lrk ,o
iólaIKhl § ÿïßhm<lg
we;=¿ jQ uÕSka ixLHdj
4497la jQ w;r msg jQ ixLHdj
2359ls' msg jQ uÕSka ixLHdj
we;=¿ jQ uÕSka ixLHdjg jvd
fldmuK wvq o @
^4&
j;a;lska cQ,s udifha lvk
,o fmd,a f.ä ixLHdj 5387
ls' wf.dai; a = udifha lvk
,o fmd,a f.ä ixLHdj 6578
ls' cQ,s udihg jvd wf.dai;
a =
udifha lvk ,o fmd,a f.ä
ixLHdj lSh o @

^5&
j;a;lska cQ,s iy wf.dai;
a =
udij, § lvk ,o fmd,a
f.ä m%udKh ms<f
s j<ska 5387
iy 6578 fõ' udi fofla u
lvk ,o fmd,a f.ä .Kka
iudk ùug cQ,s udifha ;j
fmd,a f.ä lShla leäh hq;=
j ;sì‚ o @
^6&
cQ,s udifha fmd,a f.ä
5387la iy wf.daia;= udifha
fmd,a f.ä 6578la j;a;lska
lvk ,È' fuu udi fol
;=< lvk ,o fmd,a f.ä
ixLHdj, fjki lSh o @

² mejreï m;%sld lKavdhï w;r yqjudre lr .ksñka l%shdldrlfuys fh§ug

isiqkag wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

l%shdldrlu 3 ( b,lalï y;r f;la jQ ixLHdjlska ;j;a ixLHdjla f.k tau wjia:d
2la muKla iys; j wvq lsÍu'
mshjr 1 (
² my; wvq lsÍï ukiska úi£u i|yd my; m%Yak jdÑl j wikak'
Wod (
9-5 8-3 7-2
15 - 8 19 - 5 12 - 6
² b,lalï y;r f;la jQ ixLHdjlska ;j;a ixLHdjla f.k tau wjia:d 2la
iys; j wvq lsÍu i|yd .eg¨jla bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( mdi,l isák uq¿ isiqka ixLHdj 2851 ls' bka 1492la .eyekq <uhs
fj;s' mdif,a isák msßñ <uhska ixLHdj lSh o @

27
 ² fuu .eg¨j úi|k wdldrh my; mßÈ meyeÈ,s lrkak'

od is o t
2 8 5 1
-1 4 9 2

) m<uq mshjr - 1ka 2la wvq l< fkdyels ksid oyhia:dkfhka tlla
f.k tkq ,nhs'
1

2 8 5 1 11 - 2 } 9
-1 4 9 2
9

) fojk mshjr - oyhia:dkfha b;=re 4 hs' 4ka 9la wvq l< fkdyels
neúka ishhia:dkfhka tlla f.k tkq ,nhs'

7 4
21 8 5 1 14 - 9 } 5
-1 4 9 2
5 9

) ;=ka jk mshjr - oeka ishhia:dkfha b;=re 7hs' 7ka 4la wvq l< úg 3hs'
oyiia:dkfha 2ka 1la wvq l< úg 2hs'

7 4
2 8 5 1 7-4}3
-1 4 9 2 2-1}1
1 3 5 9

² f.k tafï wjia:d 2la iys; .eg¨ úi£fï yelshdj isiqka ;=< ;yjqre ùu
i|yd ;j;a WodyrK lsysmhla fhdod .kak'

mshjr 2 (
² my; wdldrfha wNHdi we;=<;a mejreï m;%sld isiq lKavdhïj,g ,nd
fokak'
Wod (
3493 3770 6605 5310
-1574 -2584 -3367 -2507

² mejreï m;%sld lKavdhï w;r yqjudre lr .ksñka l%shdldrlfuys ksr;

ùug isiqka fhduq lrkak'

28
l%shdldrlu 4 ( b,lalï y;r f;la jQ ixLHdjlska ;j;a ixLHdjla wvq lsÍfï .eg¨
úi£u'
mshjr 1(
² ir, wvq lsÍfï .eg¨ yels ;dla bÈßm;a lrñka" tajd ukiska úi£ug i,iajd
ms<s;=re ,nd .kak'
² my; wdldrfha j.=jla isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
) iNdm;sjrhl= f;dard .ekSfï Pkaohl § wfmalaIlhka y;r fofkl= ,enQ
Pkao my; j.=fõ oelafõ'

wfmalaIlhd Pkao ixLHdj

A 8438
B 7904
C 6156
D 4081

1' A wfmalaIlhd ,enQ Pkao m%udKh B wfmalaIlhd ,enQ Pkao m%udKhg

jvd fldmuK jeä o @
) m%Yakh bÈßm;a lr lshjd wjfndaO lr .ekSug isiqkag wjia:dj
fokak'
) .eg¨j úi£u i|yd bÈßm;a jk isiqjl=g wjia:dj fokak'
) wvq lsÍu tlia:dkfha isg ms<sfj<ska meyeÈ,s lrkak'

2' C wfmalaIlhd iy D wfmalaIlhd ,nd .;a Pkao ixLHd w;r fjki

lSh o @
) .eg¨j lshjd .ekSug;a fjki fiùug l< hq;= foa ms<sn| j fidhd
ne,Sug;a wjia:dj fokak'
) .eg¨j úi£fï § f.k tafï wjia:d fol meyeÈ,s lrkak' wjYH
kï ixLHd m;a$ ãkaia leg jeks foa o Ndú; lr .eg¨j úi£u
meyeÈ,s lrkak'

² f.k tau iys; j wvq lsÍu isiqka ;=< ;yjqre jk f;la my; .eg¨ o tu
j.=j weiqfrka bÈßm;a lrkak'
3' C wfmalaIlhd ,enQ Pkao ixLHdj B wfmalaIlhd ,enQ Pkao ixLHdjg
jvd lShla wvq o @
4' D wfmalaIlhdg jvd A wfmalaIlhd ,nd we;s Pkao ixLHdj lSh o @
5' A iy C wfmalaIlhka ,nd.;a Pkao ixLHd w;r fjki lSh o @

29
mshjr 2 (
² isiqka lKavdhï lr by; wdldrfha b,lalï y;r f;la jQ ixLHdjlska ;j;a
ixLHdjla wvq lsÍfï ir, .eg¨jla iys; m;%sldj ne.ska fnod fokak'
² lKavdhfï ish¨ fokd u tl;= ù .eg¨j úi|k wdldrh idlÉPd lr
Tjqkaf.a wNHdi fmd;aj, wvq lsÍu ,shd úi£ug fhduq lrkak'
² lKavdhï w;r m;%sld yqjudre lr .ksñka wvq lsÍfï .eg¨ lsysmhla úi£ug
wjia:dj fokak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² ;lafiare lsÍu i|yd tla tla l%shdldrlïj,g wod< mejreï m;a fyda fm<fmdf;ys
wod< wNHdi fyda fhdod .kak'

30
 6 Nd.

ksmqK;dj ( ² Nd. y÷kd f.k Ndú; lrhs'

- iïmQ¾K tll iy øjH iuQyhl fldgila jYfhka foflka
mx.=" y;frka mx.= iy oyfhka mx.= olajhs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² iïmQ¾K tll fldgila jYfhka foflka mx.= iy y;frka mx.=

olajhs'
1
² øjH iuQyhlska 2 la øjH lShla o hkak m%ldY lrhs'
² øjH iuQyhlska y;frka mx.= tlla" folla iy ;=kla øjH lShla o
hkak m%ldY lrhs'
² iïmQ¾K tll fldgila jYfhka oyfhka mx.= olajhs'

jdxud,dj (
² nd.h ² ld, ² foflka tl
² y;frka tl ² y;frka fol ² y;frka ;=k
² iudk fldgia ² y;frka mx.= ² foflka mx.=
² oyfhka mx.=

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² cHdñ;sl yev;,
² tl u j¾.fha iudk m%udKfha øjH lÜg,
² l%shdldrlïj, i|yka mßÈ mejreï m;%sld
² iudk fldgia 10g fn¥ lvodis má
² iudk fldgia 10g fn¥ úúO yev

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( foflka mx.= iy y;frka mx.= oelaùu'
mshjr 1 (
² ;rul úYd, m%udKfhka ilid .;a jD;a;" iup;=ri%" RcqfldaKdi% yd
iumdo ;%sfldaK jeks cHdñ;sl yev m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
² tu cHdñ;sl yev iudk fldgia folla ,efnk fia úúO whqßka folg
keóug mjikak'
² tu fldgia fol u yevfhka iy m%udKfhka iudk jk nj;a" bka tla
fldgila iïmQ¾K yevfhka foflka mx.=jla" tkï nd.hla jk nj;a y÷kd
.ekSug i,iajkak'

31
 nd.h nd.h
1 1
2 2

1
² th 2 f,i ,shk wdldrh o isysm;a lrkak'
² tu kjk ,o cHdñ;sl yev È. yer thska tla fldgila fldmuK m%udKhla
oehs kej; úuikak'
² tu folg keuQ cHdñ;sl yev kej; iudk j folg keóug mjikak'
lvodish È. yer keuqï mdrj,a Èf.a bß we| th iudk fldgia y;rlg fn§
we;s nj fmkajkak'
1 1
² bka tla fldgila iïmQ¾K yevfhka ld,la" tkï 4 la jk nj mjikak' 4
,shk wdldrh o u;la lrkak'

1 1
4 4

1 1
4 4

² iuyr cHdñ;sl yev my; whqßka o iudk j fldgia y;rlg fjka l< yels
nj fmkajd fokak' tu fldgia y;r lmd tlsfkl u; ;nd iudk jk nj
fmkajkak'

² tu y;rg fnok ,o yev weiqfrka y;frka mx.= y÷kd .ekSug isiqkag

wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
Wod (
y;frka tl y;frka fol y;frka ;=k
1 2 3
4 4 4

mshjr 2 #
² isiq lKavdhïj,g j¾Kj;a lvodisj,ska lmd .;a cHdñ;sl yev ^tla
yevhlska tl u m%udKfhka 5la jk fia& iy tajd we,ùug ldâ m;a ,nd
fokak'
32
 ² m<uq j tla cHdñ;sl yevhla f;dardf.k my; olajd we;s mßÈ iïmQ¾K tl"
foflka mx.= iy y;frka mx.= ksrEmKh lsÍug fhduq lrkak'
Wod (
iïmQ¾K tl 1 1 2 3
2 4 4 4

² ta wdldrhg tla cHdñ;sl yev j¾.hlska tla ldâm; ne.ska cHdñ;sl yev
lsysmhla i|yd ldâm;a idod m%o¾Ykh lsÍug fhduq lrkak'
1
l%shdldrlu 2 ( øjH iuQyhlska 2 y÷kajd §u'
mshjr 1 (
² tl u j¾.fha yd m%udKfhka iudk øjH 10la muK imhd .kak'
Wod ( mekai,a" fnda,
² tu øjHj,ska 4la muKla f.k" isiqka fofokl= bÈßhg le|jd tu øjH
isiqka fofokd w;r iudk j fnod .ekSug mjikak'
² tla tla isiqjdg ,enqKq øjH ixLHdj m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
² bka miq øjH 6la" 8la iy 10la f.k ta ta øjH ixLHdj isiqka fofokd w;r
1
iudk j fnod foñka øjH iuQyhlska foflka mx.=jla ^ 2 & fidhk whqre
wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
Wod (

uq`M mekai,a ixLHdj 6ls' uq¿ mekai,a ixLHdfjka nd.hla

hkq mekai,a 3ls'
1
tkï 6ka 2 la 3 la fõ'
1
² tu`.k
s a øjH iuQyhlska ^ 2 & nd.h fiùfï § tu øjH .Kk 2ka fn§fuka ms<;
s r
= e
,nd .kakd nj ;j;a WodyrK lsym s hla uÕska fmkajd fokak'
Wod ( ) úiaflda;= 10lska nd.hl úiaflda;= lSh o @
) uoáh weg 32lska nd.hl uoáh weg lSh o @
) fodvï f.ä 20lska nd.hl we;s fodvï f.ä ixLHdj lSh o @
² tu`.ska øjH iuQyhlska nd.h fiùu isiqka ;=< ;yjqre lrkak'

33
mshjr 2 (
² isiqka fofokd ne.ska lKavdhï lrkak'
² my; wdldrfha mejreï m;%sldjla iy .Kl lÜg,h ne.ska isiq lKavdhïj,g
,nd fokak'
1
øjH m%udKh foflka mx.=j ^nd.h - 2 &

8
12
22
30
40

² tla tla ixLHdjg iudk .Kl m%udK f.k fofokd w;r fnod .ekSug
lshkak'
² tla whl=g ,efnk .Kl m%udKh n,d mejreï m; iïmQ¾K lsÍug fhduq
lrkak'
² mejreï m;%sld iïmQ¾K lr m%o¾Ykh lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

mshjr 3 (
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi iïmQ¾K lsÍug isiqka fhduq lrkak'

l%shdldrlu 3 ( øjH iuQyhlska y;frka mx.= y÷kajd §u'

mshjr 1 (
² tl u j¾.fha ;ru iudk øjH lsysmhla imhd .kak'
² tu øjHj,ska 4la f.k isiqka y;r fofkl= bÈßhg le|jd iudk j isiqka
w;r fnod fokak'
² tla tla isij
q dg ,enqKq øjH ixLHdj úuikak' ieu isij q l=g u øjH 01
ne.ska ,eî we;s nj fmkajd fokak' tla isij
q l=g ,eî we;s øjH ixLHdj uq`M
øjH ixLHdfjka y;frka mx.=jla" tkï ld,la nj meyeÈ,s lrkak' ^fuys §
iïmQ¾K tllska ld, y÷kd .;a whqre o u;la lrkak'&
Wod (

mekai,a 4lska 4ka mx.=jla mekai,a 1hs'

1
tkï 4ka 4 la hkq 1 ls'
² isiqka fofokl=g ,eî we;s uq`M øjH ixLHdj úuikak' th uq`M ixLHdfjka
fldmuK fldgila oehs wikak' tu`.ska øjH 4lska" 4ka mx.= folla fidhk
whqre fmkajkak' ^fuys § iïmQ¾K tllska y;frka mx.= folla y÷kd .;a
whqre o kej; u;la lrkak'&

34
 Wod (

mekai,a 4lska" 4ka mx.= 2la mekai,a 2hs'

2
tkï" 4ka 4 la hkq 2ls'
² isiqka ;sfofkl= i;= j tu øjHj,ska øjH 3la we;s nj fmkajkak' th isiqka
w;r fnod ÿka uq`M øjH ixLHdfjka fldmuK fldgila oehs úuikak'
² tu`.ska y;frka mx.= ;=k fidhk whqre myokak'
Wod (

mekai,a 4lska 4ka mx.= 3la mekai,a 3hs'

tkï" 4ka 43 la hkq 3 ls'
² ta wdldrfhka u øjH 8lska yd øjH 12lska y;frka mx.= tl" fol iy ;=k
fidhk whqre meyeÈ,s lrkak'
1
² tu.ska øjH iuQyhlska 4 la ,nd .ekSfï § tu øjH .Kk y;frka fn§fuka
ms<s;=r ,efnk nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
2 1 3
² y;frka mx.= folla ^ 4 & jkafka 4 tajd folla nj o" y;frka mx.= ;=kla ^ 4 &
1
jkafka 4 tajd ;=kla nj o meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² øjH iuQyhlska y;frka mx.= fiùug my; wdldrfha m%Yk
a isik
q f
a .ka úuikak'
Wod ( ) fmd,a f.ä 20lska y;frka mx.= tll we;s fmd,a f.ä .Kk lSh o @
) fmd,a f.ä 20lska y;frka mx.= foll we;s fmd,a f.ä .Kk lSh o @
) fmd,af.ä 20lska y;frka mx.= ;=kl ;sfnk fmd,a f.ä .Kk lSh o @
² iqÿiq mßÈ by; .eg¨ úi£u i|yd .Kl ,nd fokak'

35
mshjr 2 (
² my; wdldrfha mejreï m;%l
s djla iy .Kl lÜg,hla ne.ska isiq lKavdhïj,g
,nd fokak'

øjH m%udKh 1 l we;s m%udKh 2 l we;s m%udKh 3 l we;s m%udKh

4 4 4

8
12
16
20
24
² .Kl weiqßka mejreï m;%l
s dj iïmQ¾K lr m%o¾Ykh lsÍug isik
q a fhduq
lrkak'

mshjr 3 (
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug isik
q g
a wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

l%h
s dldrlu 4 ( oyfhka mx.= y÷kajd §u
mshjr 1 (
² iudk fldgia 10lg fn¥ lvodis máhla isik
q g
a meyeÈ,s j fmfkk mßÈ
mqjrejl r|jd .kak'

² tys we;s fldgia .Kk isik

q a iu`. y~ k.d .Kka lrkak' th 10la njg
;yjqre lr.kak'
² bka tla fldgila j¾K .kajkak' tu m%udKh oyfhka fldmuK m%udKhla
oehs úuikak' th tu lvodis ;Srefjka oyfhka tlla f,i y÷kajd fokak'

th 101 f,i ,shd fmkajkak'

² kej; 10 ;Srejl fldgia 2la j¾K .kajkak' oeka j¾K l< fldgia ixLHdj
lvodis máfha uq`M fldgia .Kkska fldmuK ixLHdjla oehs úuikak' th
2
oyfhka folla nj meyeÈ,s lrkak' 10 f,i ,shd fmkajkak'
9
² fï whqßka 10 olajd oyfhka mx.= y÷kd .ekSug isik
q a fhduq lrkak'
² oyfhka mx.= fiùu i|yd my; wdldrfha yev o iudk fldgia 10lg fnod
fldgia mdg lr ,nd fokak'

36
mshjr 2 (
² isik
q a lKavdhï lr tla lKavdhulg iudk fldgia 10lg fnok ,o úúO yev
iy úYd, m%udKfha lvodish ne.ska ,nd fokak'
² 101 " 10
2 9
" ' ' '" 10 m%udK tla tla yevh weiqßka mdg lr lvodisfha w,jd rEmhg
háka Nd.h wl=frka yd b,lalfuka ,sùug Wmfoia fokak'
² tajd m%o¾Ykh lrkak' we.hSug ,la lrkak'

mshjr 3 (
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi i|yd isik
q a fhduq lrkak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² isik
q a lKavdhï l%h
s dldrlïj, ksr; jk w;r;=r m%Yk a weiSu iy ksÍlaIKh uÕska
wod< ksmKq ;djg <`.d ù we;s o hkak ;yjqre lr .kak'
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fhdod .kak'

37
 7 .=K lsÍu - 1

ksmqK;dj ( ² ixLHd .=K lsÍfï .eg¨ úi|hs'

- b,lalï ;=klg fkdjeä ixLHd 2" 3" 4 iy 5ka .=K lsÍfï .eg¨
úi|hs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² b,lalï ;=klg fkdjeä ljr fyda ixLHdjla ^f.k hdu tla
wjia:djla iys; j& 2" 3" 4 iy 5ka .=K lr ms<;
s r
= m%ldY lrhs'
² b,lalï ;=klg fkdjeä ixLHd f.khdu tla wjia:djla iys; j
2" 3" 4 iy 5ka .=K lsÍfï ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'

jdxud,dj ( ² .=K lsÍu

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² mejreï m;a
² ixLHd m;a
² .=K lsÍï iys; fvdñfkda m;a ^l%shdldrlï hgf;a § we;s whqßka
ilid .kak'&

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( 2" 3" 4 iy 5 .=Kk j.= ms<sn| oekqu Ndú; lsÍu'
mshjr 1 (
² 2 isg 20 f;la fofla tajdhska .Kka lsÍu uq`M mka;sh iu`. wdrïN lrkak'
B<`.g lKavdhïj,g o" isiqkag ;ks ;ks j o .Kka lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'
;=fka tajdhska" y;f¾ tajdhska yd wjidkfha § mfya tajdhska .Kka lsÍug
fuu l%uh u wkq.ukh lrkak'
² my; wdldrfha fldgq ie,eiaula ,E,af,a we£u fyda lvodishl we| isiqkag
fmfkk ia:dkhl r|jd .ekSu fyda isÿ lrkak'

« 2 3 4 5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

38
 ² isiqkaf.ka m%Yak wiñka my; whqßka fldgq cd,h iïmQ¾K lrkak'
² tla jrla fol lSh o @ hkak úuid wod< fldgqj ;=< ms<s;=r ^2& ,shkak'
² B<`.g fojrla fol lSh oehs wid wod< fldgqj ;=< ms<s;=r ,sùug isiqjlg
wjia:dj fokak'
² fï wdldrhg 2" 3" 4" 5 .=Kk j.= u;la lrñka fldgq cd,h isiqka ,jd
iïmQ¾K lrkak'
² mqrjk ,o fldgq fmkajd tu ixLHd ,enqKq wdldrh kej; úuikak'
Wod ( 28 fmkajd th ,enqfKa flfia oehs úuikak' ^ms<s;=r 7 jrla 4&

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka iqÿiq whqßka lKavdhï lr my; wdldrfha 2" 3" 4 iy 5 .=K lsÍï iys;
fvdñfkda lÜg,h ne.ska lKavdhïj,g fnod fokak' ^tla lKavdhulg
tla fvdñfkda lÜg,hla jk fia&
1«2 6 3«2 12 6«2 4 2«2 18 9«2 8
1' " " " " "
4«2 16 8«2 10 5«2 14 7 « 2 20 10 « 2 2
" " " "

2«3 15 5«3 27 9«3 3 1«3 21 7«3 30

2' " " " " "
10 « 3 24 8«3 9 3«3 18 6«3 12 4«3 6
" " " "

24 5«4 40 6«4 8 10 « 4 32 2«4 16 8«4

3' " " " " "
36 4«4 12 9«4 28 3«4 4 7«4 20 1«4
" " " "

10 1«5 35 2«5 50 7«5 25 10 « 5 45 5«5

4' " " " " "
20 9«5 40 4«5 30 8«5 15 6«5 5 3«5
" " " "

² ;u lKavdhug ,enqKq fvdñfkda m;a l,jï lr isiqka w;r iudk j fnod

.ekSug lshkak'
² m<uqfjka u tla isiqjl=g ;uka w; we;s fvdñfkda m;la fïih u; ;eîug
lshkak'
² wfkla isiqkag ;uka <`. we;s fvdñfkda m;a foi n,d tys ms<s;=rg fyda
.=K lsÍï m%ldYkhg fyda .e<fmk fvdñfkda m; iys; isiqjdg th m<uq
fvdñfkda m; wi,ska ;eîug lshkak'
² fï wdldrhg lKavdhfï ish¨ fokd w; we;s fvdñfkda m;a tlsfklg
.e<fmk whqßka wkqms<sfj<g ;eìh hq;= nj lshkak'
² isiqka l%shdldrlfuys ksr; jk w;r;=r lKavdhïj,g f.dia Tjqka ksjerÈ j
fvdñfkda m;a ;nd we;s o hkak fidhd n,kak' wjika l< miq j tys we;s
.=K lsÍï ksjerÈ o hkak kej; ne,Sug fhduq lrkak'

39
 ² fvdñfkda m;a lKavdhï w;r udre lrñka kej; l%h s dldrlfuys ksr;
lrjkak' ieu lKavdhula w;r u fvdñfkda m;a y;r yqjudre ù ;sîu wjYH
nj mjikak'
² ÿIalr;d fmkajk isik
q a i|yd my; oelafjk wdldrfha ir, wNHdi ;j
ÿrg;a fhdod .kak'
Wod ( ^1& 2 ^2& 3 ^3& 4 « 2 } -------
«2 «3
^4& 2 « 5 } -------
^5& 8 « 2 } -------

l%shdldrlu 2 ( b,lalï foflys ixLHd 2ka iy 3ka .=K lsÍu

mshjr 1 (
² 2ys iy 3ys .=Kk j.= kej; u;la lsÍu i|yd wyUq f,i my; wdldrfha
m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re §ug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'
Wod ( ) fofla tajd 5la lSh o @
) ;=ka jrla fol lSh o @
) y;r jrla ;=k lSh o @
² 2ka .=K lsÍula iys; my; wdldrfha .eg¨jla isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( tla mka;shl isiqka 36 ne.ska mka;s foll isák uq`M isiqka .Kk
fldmuK o @
² ms<s;=re ,nd .kakd wdldrh m%ldY lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'
) 36ys tajd folla tl;= lsÍu uÕka ms<s;=re ,nd.; yels nj isiqka m%ldY
l<fyd;a fjkia wdldrhlg ms<s;=re ,nd .; yelafla flfia oehs kej;
úuikak'
² 2ka .=K lsÍu u`.ska ms<s;=r ,nd .; yels nj m%ldY lr .=K lrk wdldrh
mshjfrka mshjr meyeÈ,s lrkak'
Wod ( o t fuys § tlia:dkfha 6" 2ka .=K lsÍfuka ,efnk 12ys 2
3 6 tlia:dkfha ,shk nj yd oyfha tajd 1" oyhia:dkfha 3" 2ka
« 2 .=K lsÍfuka ,efnk 6g tl;= lr ,shk nj fmkajkak'
7 2
1
² fï wdldrfha .=K lsÍï lsysmhla o WodyrK f,i f.k fmkajkak'
Wod ( is o t is o t
8 2 6 7
« 2 « 2
1 6 4 1 3 4
1
² fï wdldrhg b,lalï fofla ixLHdjla f.k hdu iys; j 3ka .=K lsÍfï
WodyrK lsysmhla o isiqka iyNd.s lr .ksñka úi|k wdldrh wdo¾Ykh
lrkak'
40
 Wod ( 2 8 40 35
«3 «3 «3

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka fofokd ne.ska lKavdhï lr by; wdldrfha 2ka .=K lsÍï we;=<;a j
ms<sfh, lr.;a mejreï m;la bÈßm;a lr iïmQ¾K lsÍug i,iajkak'
² lKavdhï l%shdldrlu ksu jQ miq ms<s;=re idlÉPdjg Ndckh lrkak'
² ÿIalr;d olajk isiqka i|yd f.khdï rys; wjia:d ;j ÿrg;a fhdod .kak'
Wod ( 2 2 24 21 44 33
«2 «2 «3 «3 «3

l%shdldrlu 3 ( b,lalï foflys ixLHd 4 iy 5ka .=K lsÍu

mshjr 1 (
² 4ys iy 5ys .=Kk j.= kej; u;la lrkak'
² ;ks b,lalfï ixLHdjla 4ka iy 5ka ukiska .=K lr ms<s;=re m%ldY lsÍug
fhduq lsÍu i|yd my; wdldrfha m%Yak wikak'
Wod ( ) 6" 4ka .=K l< úg ms<s;=r lSh o @
) tla u,l fm;s 5 ne.ska u,a wgl we;s fm;s .Kk lSh o @
) ydjqka 8lg ;sfnk ll=,a .Kk lSh o @
² my; wdldrfha .Kkla l`M,E,af,a ,shkak'
is o t
6 7
«4

² isiqka o iïnkaO lr .ksñka úi|k wdldrh idlÉPd lrkak'

Wod ( ) y;a jrla y;frys ^28& oyfha tajd lSh o @ ^2& tfla tajd lSh o @ ^8&
) 8 ,shkafka fld;ek oehs wikak' ^tfla ;Srfha&
) oyfha tajd 2g l< hq;af;a l=ula oehs wikak' ^oyfha ;Srfha .=‚;hg
tl;= lsÍug oyfha ;Srhg f.k hkjd&
is o t
6 7
«4
8
2 bÈßhg f.khk ixLHdj
B<`. mshjr l=ula oehs wikak' ^6 jrla y;r&
W;A;rh l=ula oehs wikak' ^24&
oyfha tajdfha uq`M tl;=j lSh o @ ^24 ¬ 2&

41
 oyfha tajd 26l ishfha tajd 2la yd oyfha tajd 6la neõ isiqkag u;la
lrkak'
oyfha 6 ,shkafka fld;ek oehs wikak' ^oyfha ;Srfha&
ishfha tajd 2g l=ula lrkafkys o @ ^ishfha ;Srhg f.k hkjd'&
2 ishfha ;Srh ;=< ,shkak'
is o t
6 7
«4
2 6 8
2
² by; wdldrhg b,lalï fofla ixLHdjla 5ka .=K lsÍula o y÷kajd fokak'
;yjqre lsÍu i|yd WodyrK lsysmhla fhdod .kak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka fofokd ne.ska tl;= ù ms<s;=re fiùu i|yd b,lalï fofla ixLHd
4ka iy 5ka .=K lsÍï iys; mejreï m;la ,nd fokak' ms<s;=re iemhQ miq
tajd idlÉPd lrkak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi i|yd fhduq lrkak'

l%shdldrlu 4 ( b,lalï ;=klg fkdjeä ixLHd 2 iy 3ka .=KlsÍfï .eg¨ úi£u'

mshjr 1 (
² 2 iy 3ys .=Kk j.=j iy 2 iy 3ka .=K lsÍug wod< my; wdldrfha m%Yak
lsysmhla isiqkag bÈßm;a lr ufkdaufhka úi|d ms<s;=re §ug wjia:dj fokak'
Wod ( ) yhjrla ;=k lSh o @
) fmÜáhl mekai,a 12 ne.ska fmÜá foll we;s mekai,a .Kk lSho @
) ms<s;=r 20 jkafka 2 lSfhka .=K l< úg o @
² my; wdldrfha .eg¨jla o isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( ) tla f.dvl fmd,a f.ä 225 ne.ska f.dvj,a foll we;s fmd,a f.ä
.Kk fldmuK o @
² fuu .eg¨j 2ka .=K lsÍula f,i my; whqßka ,shd ms<s;=re ,nd .kakd
wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
is o t
2 2 5
« 2
4 5 0
1

² by; wdldrhg u 3ka .=K lsÍula iys; .eg¨jla o isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( tla l+vhl rUqgka f.ä 150 ne.ska l+v ;=kl rUqgka wiqrd we;' l+v
;=fkys we;s uq`M rUqgka f.ä .Kk lSh o @
42
 ² ms<s;=r ,nd .kafka flfia oehs m%ldY lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak' .=K
lsÍu isÿ lrk wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
is o t
1 5 0
« 3
4 5 0
1

² ;j;a WodyrK .eg¨ lsysmhla fhdod .kak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka fofokd ne.ska tl;= ù úi£u i|yd b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 2ka
iy 3ka .=K lsÍfï .eg¨ iys; mejreï m;la ,nd fokak'
² tu .=K lsÍï Tjqkaf.a wNHdi fmdf;ys ,shd úi£ug fhduq lrkak'
² wjYH wjia:dj, § u`. fmkaùï ,nd fokak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug fhduq lrkak'

l%shdldrlu 5 ( b,lalï ;=klg fkdjeä ixLHd 4ka iy 5ka .=K lsÍfï .eg¨ úi£u'
² b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHdjla 4ka iy 5ka .=K lsÍfï .eg¨ úi£u y÷kajd
§u i|yd iqÿiq l%shdldrlula by; whqßka ie,iqï lr .kak'
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² isiqka wod< bf.kqï m, w;am;a lr f.k we;a o hkak tla tla l%shdldrlu
;=< § ;yjqre lr .kak'
) ;ks ;ks j .eg¨ úi£u i|yd mejreï ,nd fokak'
) lKavdhï l%h
s dldrlïj, § iïmQ¾K lrk mejreï m;a idlÉPdjg fhduq lr
wjYH u`. fmkaùï ,nd fokak'
² ÿIalr;d olajk isiqka i|yd"
) .=Kk j.= kej; isysm;a lsÍu iy
) ;ks b,lalfï ixLHd iy b,lalï foflys$;=fkys ixLHd ^f.khdu
rys; j& .=K lsÍug wod< j my; fia WodyrK fhdod .kak'
22 311 40 52 31
«4 «4 «5 «4 «4

110 202 120 100 201

«4 «4 «4 «5 «5

43
 8 ld,h - 1

ksmqK;dj ( ² ñks;a;=" meh" ojia" i;s yd udi w;r iïnkaO;d y÷kd f.k Ndú;
lrhs ¦ Trf,daiqfõ oelafjk fõ,dj lshjhs'
- Trf,daiqfõ oelafjk fõ,dj lshjhs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² meh fod<fya Trf,daiqfõ oelafjk fõ,dj lshjhs'

² meh yd ñks;a;= weiqfrka fõ,dj m%ldY lrhs'
² fmrjre yd miajre Ndú;fhka fõ,dj lshhs'
² fõ,dj meh 24 Trf,daiqfjka ^wka;¾cd;sl iïu; wdldrh& m%ldY
lrhs'
² meh 12 Trf,daiqfõ oelafjk fõ,dj meh 24 Trf,daiqfjka m%ldY
lrhs'
² meh 24 Trf,daiq fõ,dj meh 12 Trf,daiqfjka m%ldY lrhs'

jdxud,dj (
² Trf,daiqj ² Trf,daiq uqyK
q ; ² meh lgqj ² ñks;;
a = lgqj
² meh ² ñks;a;= ² fmrjre ² miajre

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² ienE Trf,daiqjla
² wdo¾Y Trf,daiq
² meh 24 fõ,dj oelafjk wdo¾Y Trf,daiqjla
² úúO fõ,djka i|yka l< m;%sld lÜg,
² äðg,a l%uhg fõ,dj oelafjk Trf,daiqjla fyda tjeks Trf,daiqjla
iys; rEmhla$PdhdrEmhla
² äðg,a Trf,daiqjla f,i ilia lr.;a wdlD;shla
Wod ( ixLHd m;a /|úh
yels whqßka ilid .kak'

ysveia

² >k lvodisj,ska ilid .;a 0-9 f;la ixLHd m;a ^by; wdlD;sfhys
/|úh yels úh hq;= h'&

44
bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( Trf,daiqfõ oelafjk fõ,dj lshùu'
mshjr 1 (
² isiqkag ienE Trf,daiqj fmkajkak' tys ixLHdxlj, msysàu" ñks;a;= lgqj
iy meh lgqj ms<sn| j isiqkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
² ñks;a;= lgqj ksjerÈ ÈYdjg lrljkak' Trf,daiqfõ lgq lrlefjk ÈYdj
olaIsKdj¾; ÈYdj f,i y÷kajd fokak'
² ñks;;a = lgqj 12 isg iïmQ¾K jghla f.dia kej; 12g meñŒug .; jk ld,h
fldmuK oehs isik q f
a .ka úuikak' ^Tjqka 4 jk fY%‚ a fha § fï ms<n
s | j
oekqïj;a j we;s neúka meh tl fyda ñks;; a = 60 hkqfjka mjikq we;'&
² ñks;a;= lgqj tla jghla .uka lrk úg meh lgqj .uka lrk wdldrh
isiqkaf.ka wikak'
meh lgqj u.ska meh oelafjk w;r ñks;a;= lgqj u.ska
ñks;a;= oelafjk nj ;yjqre lrkak'
² Trf,daiq uqyqKf;a fõ,dj 12 f,i olajkak' th isiqka ,jd lshjkak' oeka
ñks;a;= lgqj 1 olajd f.k f.dia .; jQ fõ,dj ñks;a;= lSh oehs wikak'
² tu fõ,dj fod<y miq ù ñks;;
a = my f,i y÷kajd fokak' th my; whqßka o
,shd fmkajkak'
Wod ( 12'05
² fï wdldrhg fõ,djka lsysmhla Trf,daiqfõ ksrEmKh lrñka isiqkag
lshùug wjia:dj fokak'
Wod ( tl miq ù ñks;a;= úiai - 1'20
yh miq ù ñks;a;= y;<sia my - 6'45

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka iqÿiq whqßka lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug wdo¾Y Trf,daiq uqyqK;la o ^yels kï ienE Trf,daiq
uqyqK;la& úúO fõ,djka i|yka m;%sld lÜg,h ne.ska o ,nd fokak'
Wod ( 12'30 2'50 7'55 9'10
² m;%sld lÜg,h fïih u; uqKska w;g yrjd ;eîug lshkak'
² m<uqfjka u tla isiqjl=g thska wyUq f,i m;%sldjla f.k tys i|yka fõ,dj
lshjd Trf,daiq uqyqKf;ys oelaùug lshkak' lKavdhfï wfkla wh o tl;=
ù th ksjerÈ o hkak ne,Sug mjikak'
² fï wdldrhg Tjqkag ,enqKq m;%sldj, i|yka ish¨ u fõ,djka Trf,daiq
uqyqKf;a oelaùug fhduq lrkak'
² ;j ÿrg;a ld,h m%udKj;a kï ieu isiqjl=g u lKavdhfï wfkla isiqjl=
mjik fõ,djla Trf,daiq uqyqKf;a ksrEmKh lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'
² lKavdhï l%shdldrlï w;r;=r tla tla lKavdhu <Õg f.dia isiqyq ksjerÈ
j fõ,dj ksrEmKh lr;a o lshj;a o hkak fidhd n,kak'
45
l%shdldrlu 2 ( Trf,daiqfõ oelafjk fõ,dj lshùu ;j ÿrg;a
mshjr 1 (
² ienE Trf,daiqfõ uqyqKf;a úúO fõ,djka lsysmhla ksrEmKh lrñka isiqka
,jd lshjkak'
² m%ldY lrk fõ,djla Trf,daiq uqyqKf;a ksrEmKh lsÍug isiqkag o wjia:dj
fokak'
² Trf,daiqfõ fõ,dj 6 ksrEmKh lrkak' B<`.g ñks;a;= lgqj 11g tk
f;la lgq lrljkak' ñks;a;= lgqj 12g meñŒug fmr ñks;a;= 5la we;s nj
meyeÈ,s lrkak' meh lgqj 7g wdikak j we;'
² fuu fõ,dj wdldr follg lshúh yels nj isiqkag meyeÈ,s lrkak'
tkï 6 miq ù ñks;a;= 55 fyda 7g ñks;a;= 5la fyda f,i h'
² oeka ñks;a;= lgqj 10ys we;s úg fõ,dj lshjk wdldrh o fmkajd fokak'
Wod ( 7 miq ù ñks;a;= 50 fyda 8g ñks;a;= 10
² ñks;; a = lgqj 9ys we;s úg o ^Wod ( 8 miq ù ñks;;
a = 45 fyda 9g ñks;;a = 15 fyda&
ñks;; a = lgqj 8ys we;s úg o ^Wod ( 9 miq ù ñks;; a = 40 fyda 10g ñks;; a = 20
fyda& fõ,dj lshjk wdldrh Trf,daiqfjys ksrEmKh lrñka y÷kd .ekSug
wjia:dj fokak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka mia fokd ne.ska lKavdhï lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug my; whqßka fõ,dj i|yka m;%sld lÜg,hla o" wdo¾Y
Trf,daiq uqyqK;la o" Trf,daiq uqyqK;a w|sk ,o m;%sldjla o ne.ska ,nd
fokak'
Wod (

11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1
10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2
9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3
8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4
7 6 5 7 6 5 7 6 5 7 6 5 7 6 5

5 miqù ñks;;
a = 45 11g ñks;;
a = 10 3g ñks;;
a = 15 2g ñks;;
a = 5 1 miqù ñks;;
a = 50

² lKavdhfï ieu isiqjl=g u fõ,dj i|yka m;%sldjla wyUq f,i .ekSug

lshkak'
² jrlg tla whl= ne.ska ;ukag ,enqKq m;%l s dfõ i|yka fõ,dj wdo¾Y Trf,daiq
uqyK q f;a ksrEmKh lr lshùug i,iajkak' th wdldr folg u tkï" z' ' ' '
' ' ' ' miq ù ñks;;
a = ' ' ' ' ' 'Z iy z' ' ' ' ' ' ' g ñks;;
a = ' ' ' ' ' ' 'Z f,i lshùug
fhduq lrkak' ish¨ fokd u th ksjerÈ o hkak ;SrKh l< miq m;%l s dfõ
we;s Trf,daiq uqyK q ;aj, tu fõ,djka we| oelaùug lshkak'
² rEmhg háka by; wdldr folg u fõ,dj lshjk whqre ,sùug o wjia:dj
fokak'

46
mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm< fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug fhduq lrkak'

l%shdldrlu 3 ( fmrjre iy miajre Ndú;fhka fõ,dj lshùu

mshjr 1 (
² Trf,daiqfõ oelafjk fõ,dj lshùu kej; u;la lsÍu i|yd Trf,daiq
uqyqKf;a úúO fõ,djka ksrEmKh lrñka isiqka ,jd lshjkak'
² isiqjl= ,jd Trf,daiq uqyqKf;a fõ,dj 12'00g ilia lrkak'
fuys oelafjk fõ,dj uOHu rd;%s 12'00 f,i is;uq hehs fhdackd lrkak'
² uOHu rd;%s 12'00 miq fj;a u w¨;a ojila Wodfjk nj isiqkag lshkak'
² fõ,dj 1'00g ilia lrjd w¨;a ojfia mehla .;jQ nj;a th fmrjre 1'00 fia
lshjk nj;a myod fokak'
² fõ,dj fmrjre 1'00 f,i l`M,E,af,a ,shkak'
² fõ,dj folg ilia lrjd th fmrjre 2'00 nj;a myod fokak'
² fï wdldrhg fmrjre 6'00" fmrjre 8'30" ' ' ' jeks fmrjre fõ,djka lsysmhla
isiqka ,jd ilia lrñka lshùug i,iajkak'
² fuys § fmrjre hkak myiqjg fm'j' hkqfjka ,shk nj o isysm;a lrkak'
² Trf,daiqfõ fõ,dj uOHyak fod<y ^12'00& miq lrk úg Woh jrej
^fmrjrej& wjika jk nj;a" ojfia ijia jrej ^miajrej& wdrïN jk nj;a
meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² tkï uOHu rd;%s 12 isg uOHyak 12 olajd meh 12l ld,h fmrjrej f,i;a
uOHyak 12 isg uOHu rd;%s 12 olajd meh 12l ld,h miajrej nj;a meyeÈ,s
lrkak'
² kej; Trf,daiqfõ fõ,dj 1'00g ilia lrjkak'
² oeka fõ,dj miajre 1'00 nj meyeÈ,s lr fokak' l`M,E,af,a ,shd fmkajkak'
² fï wdldrhg miajre 3'00 miajre 4'30 jeks miajre fõ,djka lsysmhla isiqka
,jd ilia lrñka lshùug i,iajkak'
² miajre hkak o m'j' f,i ,shk nj mjikak'
² fï wkqj fõ,dj rd;%s 12'00 miq jk úg meh 24la .; ù we;s nj myod fokak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka fofokd ne.ska lKavdhï lrkak'
² ieu isiq hq.,hlg u my; whqßka fmrjre iy miajre f,i fõ,dj ,shk
,o m;%sld lÜg,hla ne.ska ,nd fokak'
Wod (
fm'j' 8'00 m'j' 1'30
fm'j' 6'00 m'j' 9'00
² isiqka fofokdg tla tla m;%sldj ne.ska f.k tys i|yka fõ,dj lshjd tu
fõ,djg ;uka lrk jevla m%ldY lsÍug fhduq lrkak'
47
 ² miqj isiqka fofokdg u tl;= ù my; wdldrfha j.=jl tu fõ,djg wod<
^fofokd u tl`. jk& isÿùula ,sùug lshkak'
Wod (
fõ,dj wod< isÿùu
fm'j' 5'00 WoEik wjÈ ùu'

mshjr 3 (
² tla tla lKavdhu úiska ,shk ,o foa mka;sfha m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
² wyUq f,i f;dard .;a isiqkag fõ,dj iy wod< isÿùula ne.ska m%ldY lsÍug
o wjia:dj fokak'

l%shdldrlu 4 ( fmrjre iy miajre fõ,djka meh úisy;f¾ Trf,daiq fõ,dfjka

^iïu; l%uhg& m%ldY lsÍu'
mshjr 1 (
² fmrjre iy miajre f,i fõ,dj lshùu kej; u;la lsÍu i|yd úúO isoaê
lsysmhla bÈßm;a lrñka tajd isÿ jkafka fmrjrefõ o miajrefõ o hkak
m%ldY lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'
Wod ( ) mdi,a hdug wjÈ fjkjd
) mdi, mgka .kakjd
) mdi, weÍ ksjig hkjd'
) br nei hkjd'
² meh 24 wdo¾Y Trf,daiqj isiqkag fmkajkak' tys msg; ixLHdxl 1 isg 12
f;la o" we;=<; ixLHdxl 13 isg 24 f;la o ,l=Kq lr we;s wdldrh y÷kd
.ekSug wjia:dj fokak'
Wod (
12
11 1
24
23 13
10 2
22 14

9 21 15 3

20 16
8 4
19 17
18
7 5
6

² fuys úúO fõ,djka lsysmhla ksrEmKh lrñka lshjkak'

48
 ² tu tla tla fõ,djka l`M,E,af,a ,shd fmkajkak' fuu fõ,dj ,sùfï §
meh b,lalï follska o ñks;a;= b,lalï follska o olajk w;r ueog
;s;a folla fhdok nj wjOdrKh lrkak' ^fuys § uOHu rd;%s 12'00 isg
uOHyak 12'00 f;la jk" tkï fmrjre fõ,djka ksrEmKh lrk wdldrh iy
uOHyak 12'00 isg uOHu rd;%s 12'00 f;la jk ^miajre& fõ,djka ksrEmKh
lrk wdldrh ms<sn| j isiqkag meyeÈ,s lrkak'&
Wod ( 01 ( 00
04 ( 00
''
'
13 ( 00
16 ( 00
20 ( 30

² fï wdldrhg fõ,dj oelafjk ia:dk isiqka oel ;sfí oe hs úuikak'

Wod ( ) äðg,a Trf,daiq
) rEmjdyskS ;srh
² oji wdrïN jk uOHu rd;%sh" meh 24 fõ,dfjka olajkafka 00 ( 00 f,i
jk nj y÷kajd fokak' tu`.ska oji wdrïN ù ñks;a;= 15la .sh úg fõ,dj
olajkafka 00 ( 15 f,i nj fmkajd fokak'
² oyj,a 12 isg miajre fõ,djka meh 24 Trf,daiq fõ,dfjka m%ldY lrk
wdldrh ,nd .kakd whqre meyeÈ,s lrkak'
Wod ( miajre 1'00 meh 24 Trf,daiqfõ fmkajkafka 13 (00 f,i h' fuys §
meh 1'00g meh 12la tl;= lsÍfuka 13 ( 00 ,efí'
² fuf,i miajre fõ,djka lsysmhla meh 24 Trf,daiq fõ,dfjka" tkï iïu;
wdldrhg m%ldY lrk whqre fmkajd fokak'
Wod ( m'j' 2'00 14 ( 00
m'j' 3'15 15 ( 15
m'j' 10'30 22 ( 30
² tu fõ,djka l`M,E,af,a ,sùug fyda ilia lr.;a äðg,a Trf,daiq uqyqK;l
ixLHd m;a uÕska ksrEmKh lsÍug fyda isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka l=vd lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug ilia lr.;a äðg,a Trf,daiq uqyqK;la o" 1 isg 9 f;la
ixLHd m;a lÜg, 2la o" 0 ,shQ m;%sld ;=kla o ne.ska fokak'
Wod ( ) äðg,a Trf,daiq uqyqK;la

) ixLHd m;a lÜg, 2la 1 " 2 "'''" 9

) 0 iys; m;%sld 3la 0 " 0 " 0

49
 ² úúO fõ,djka l`M,E,af,a ,shñka äðg,a Trf,daiq uqyqKf;a ksrEmKh lsÍu
i|yd lKavdhï fhduq lrkak'
Wod ( fmrjre 1'00 fmrjre 2'20
miajre 12'30 miajre 4'15
fmrjre 10'45 miajre 11'05
² fuys § ixLHd m;a uÕska tla whl= fõ,dj ilia lrk úg wfkla ish¨ fokd
u tl`. fj;a oehs wfkla isiqkaf.ka wikak'
² fï wdldrhg fõ,dj ksrEmKh lsÍug ieu isiqjl=g u wjia:dj ,nd §ug
lKavdhï fufyhjkak'

l%shdldrlu 5 ( meh 12ys Trf,daiqfõ oelafjk fõ,djka meh 24 Trf,daiqfjka yd meh

24 Trf,daiqfõ oelafjk fõ,djka meh 12ys Trf,daiqfjka oelafjk
wdldrh ;j ÿrg;a ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd iqÿiq l%shdldrlula ie,iqï lr
.kak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² isiqkag ;ks jev f,i mejreï m;a ,nd fokak'
² lKavdhï l%shdldrlï w;r;=r iy mka;s ldurh ;=< isÿ lrk wfkl=;a tÈfkod
ld¾hhka w;r;=r isiqka f.ka fõ,dj úuikak'
² isiq fm< fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fhdod .kak'

50
 9 fn§u - 1
ksmqK;dj ( ² ixLHd fn§fï .eg¨ úi|hs'
- b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 2 isg 5 f;la jQ ixLHdjlska fn§fï
ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² b,lalï fofla ixLHd 2ka" 3ka iy 4ka fn§fï ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'
² b,lalï ;=fka ixLHd 2ka" 3ka iy 4ka fn§fï ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'
² b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHdjla 5ka fnod ms<;
s r
= m%ldY lrhs'
² b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 5ka fn§fï ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'

jdxud,dj (
² fn§u ² b;=re ² f.k tau

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² tla tla l%shdldrlï hgf;a olajd we;s wdldrfha"
) ixLHd m;a
) mejreï m;a
² ãkaia lÜg,h

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( b,lalï fofla ixLHd 2ka" 3ka iy 4ka fn§u
mshjr 1 (
² fn§u ms<sn| j fmr oekqu u;la lsÍu i|yd ufkdauh .‚;h fhdod .kak'
Wod ( ) mekai,a 12la iudk j fmÜá follg ouk ,È' tla fmÜáhl we;s
mekai,a .Kk lSh o @
) rUqgka 12la tla whl=g 3 ne.ska lS fofkl=g fnod Èh yels o @
) 20" 4ka fn¥ úg ms<s;=r lSh o @
² b,lalï fofla ixLHd 2" 3 iy 4ka fn§u ms<sn| j 4 jk fY%a‚fha § isiqka
bf.k f.k we;s neúka kej; u;la lsÍu i|yd WodyrK .eg¨ lsysmhla
isiqka o iyNd.s lr .ksñka úi|kak'

1' fmd,a f.ä 86la iudk j f.dvj,a follg fjka lrk

,È' tla f.dvl we;s fmd,a f.ä .Kk lSh o @
2' fjr¿ f.ä 64la tla whl=g 3 ne.ska lS fofkl=g fnod Èh
yels o @ b;=re lSh o @
3' inka leg 75la tla fmÜáhlg 4 ne.ska wiqrk ,È'
wiqrk ,o fmÜá .Kk lSh o @ lShla b;=re o @

51
 ² fuys § isiqkaf.ka m%Yak lrñka §¾> fn§u wdldrhg mshjfrka mshjr
meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² wjYH isiqka i|yd ãkaia lÜg,fha o~q yd leg wdOdrfhka fn§u ;j ÿrg;a
meyeÈ,s lr fokak'
² wjYH kï ;j;a WodyrK fhdod .kak'
² Wod (

2 70 3 56 4 85

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka ;sfokd muK ne.ska lKavdhï lr my; wdldrfha b,lalï fofla
ixLHd iys; ixLHd m;a lsysmhla ,nd fokak'
Wod (
37 54 90
² ixLHd m;a fïih u; ixLHd fkdfmfkk fia yrjd ;nd m<uqfjka u tla
isiqjl=g ixLHd m;la wyUq f,i .ekSug lshkak'
² tu ixLHdj ish¨ fokd u ;ukaf.a wNHdi fmdf;ys ,shdf.k 2ka fnod
ms<s;=r ,nd.; hq;= nj lshkak' ish¨ fokdg u ,enqK ms<s;=r ksjerÈ oehs
idlÉPd lr ;yjqre lr .ekSug fhduq lrkak'
² wjYH kï .Kl fyda ãkaia lÜg,h fyda weiqfrka ms<s;=r ksjerÈ nj ;yjqre
lr .ekSug wjia:dj fokak'
² fmr mßÈ u fjk;a isiqjl=g b;=re ixLHd m;a foflka ;j;a ixLHd m;la
.ekSug lshkak' tys we;s ixLHdj 3ka fn§ug fhduq lrkak'
² b;=re ixLHd mf;a i|yka ixLHdj 4ka fn§ug o wjia:dj fokak'
² tla tla wjia:dfõ lKavdhfï ish¨ fokdg u ksjerÈ ms<s;=re ,enqfKa o
hkak ;yjqre lr .; hq;= nj lshkak' wjYH lKavdhï i|yd Wojq ,nd
fokak'

l%shdldrlu 2 ( b,lalï ;=fka ixLHd 2ka" 3ka iy 4ka fn§u'

mshjr 1 (
² 2ka" 3ka iy 4ka fn§ug wod< j ukiska úi|d ms<s;=re §u i|yd ir, .eg¨
lsysmhla isiqkag fhduq lrkak'
Wod ( ) 18" 2ka fn¥ úg ms<s;=r lSh o @
) 21" 3ka fn¥ úg ms<s;=r lSh o @
) 18" 4ka fn¥ úg b;=re lSh o @

52
 ² 2ka" 3ka fyda 4ka fn§ug wod< j my; wdldrfha .eg¨jla isiqkag bÈßm;a
lrkak'
Wod ( 1' fmd;a 216la rdlal foll iudk j ;nk ,È' tla rdlalhl ;nk
,o fmd;a .Kk lSh o @
2' rUqgka f.ä 450la l+v ;=klg iudk j ouk ,È' tla l+vhlg oeuQ
rUqgka f.ä .Kk lSh o @
3' tla isiqjl=g 4 ne.ska fnod §u i|yd mdi,lg wNHdi fmd;a 804la
,eì‚' mdif,ys isák isiqka .Kk lSh o @
² .eg¨j isiqkag lshùug yels jk mßÈ ,E,af,a ,shd fyda lvodishl ,shd fyda
mqjrejl r|jd .kak'
² isiqka .eg¨j lshjQ miq ms<s;=r ,nd .ekSug l=ula l< hq;= o hkak úuikak'
fn§u uÕska ms<s;=r ,nd .; yels nj y÷kd .ekSug fhduq lrkak' ^fuys §
tlajr u fn§ula nj m%ldY fkdlr" m<uq j isiqkag .eg¨j lshjd f;areï
.ekSug wjia:dj Èh hq;= h'&
² bka miq §¾> fn§u wdldrfhka ms<s;=r ,nd .kakd whqre fmkajd fokak'
Wod ( 1' 108
2 216
2
01
0
16
16
0 fmd;a .Kk 108 hs'

² ta whqßka 3ka iy 4ka fn§fï .eg¨ folla o úi|k whqre wdo¾Ykh lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
² by; wdldrfha j.ka;s .eg¨ 6la muK fjk fjk u ldâ m;aj, ,shd ilia
lr .kak'
² mka;sfha isiqka lKavdhï 6lg fjka lr" tla lKavdhulg tla .eg¨jla
iys; ldâ m; ne.ska ,nd fokak'
² lKavdhfï ish¨ fokd tl;= ù ;ukag ,enqKq .eg¨j lshjd ms<s;=r fidhk
wdldrh y÷kd .ekSug fhduq lrkak'
² ;ukaf.a wNHdi fmd;aj, §¾> fn§fï wdldrfhka ,shd ms<s;=r ,nd .ekSug
lshkak' ieu fokdg u ksjerÈ ms<s;=r ,enqfKa o hkak ;yjqre lr .ekSug
fhduq lrkak'
² lKavdhïj,g f.dia isiqyq ksjerÈ j fn§fuka ms<s;=re ,nd .ks;a o hkak
úuid n,kak'
² lKavdhï w;r ldâ m;a yqjudre lr ieu lKavdhul u isiqkag j.ka;s
.eg¨ yh u úi£ug wjia:dj fokak'

53
l%shdldrlu 3 ( b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 5ka fn§u y÷kajd §u
mshjr 1 (
² ufkdauh .‚;h i|yd my; wdldrfha m%Yak lsysmhla ilid f.k isiqkag
bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( ) 10ys mfya tajd lSh o @
) 15" 5ka fn¥ úg W;a;rh lSh o @
) 18" 5ka fn¥ úg lShla b;=re o @
² m<uq j b,lalï fofla ixLHdjla 5ka fn§u isÿ lrk wdldrh y÷kajd fokak'
fï i|yd isiqkag .eg¨jla bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( tla fmdl=rlg u,a 5 ne.ska u,a 75lska u,a fmdl=re lShla iEÈh yels o@
15
5 75
5
25
25
0
u,a fmdl=re .Kk } 15
² b,lalï ;=fka ixLHdjla o 5ka fnok wdldrh by; wdldrfha WodyrKhla
uÕska meyeÈ,s lrkak'
Wod ( 185 y 5 37
5 185
15
35
35
0
185 y 5 37
² ;j;a WodyrK lsysmhla meyeÈ,s lrkak'
:RG EUHML\VZMLDGMOD  ä
) <N+KZHDZMLDGMOD  ä
) INWDXZHDZMLDGMOD  ä
) PVVIëXHRJ<N+KZHDMNZMLDGMOD  ä
² fuu l%shdldrlu hgf;a by; l=uk wdldrfha fyda fn§fï wjia:djl §
ksjerÈ j .eg¨j úi£ug isiqkag yelshdj ,nd Èh hq;= h' wjYH isiqka i|yd
ãkaia lÜg,h Wmfhda.s lr f.k ;j ÿrg;a meyeÈ,s lr fokak'
mshjr 2 (
² by; ish¨ wjia:d we;=<;a jk fia 5ka fn§u iys; .Kka lsysmhl mejreï
m;la ilid .kak'
Wod (
ä ä

ä ä
54
 ² isiqka fofokd ne.ska tl;= ù mejreï mf;ys we;=<;a .Kka wNHdi fmdf;ys
,shd úi£ug wjia:dj fokak'

mshjr 3 (
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi i|yd fhduq lrkak'

l%shdldrlu 4 ( b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHdjla 5ka fn§fï ir, .eg¨ úi£u'
mshjr 1 (
² 5ka fn§ug wod< ir, .eg¨jla isiqkag bÈßm;a lr lshùug i,iajkak'
Wod ( fodvï f.ä 120la tla ljrhlg my ne.ska oeóug wjYH ljr
.Kk lSh o @
² tu .eg¨j 5ka fn§ula nj y÷kd .;a miq wyUq f,i f;dard .;a isiqjl=g
meñK fn§u isÿ lrk wdldrh ,E,af,a ,sùug lshkak'
Wod ( 24
5 120
10
20
20
0
wjYH ljr .Kk } 24
² isiqka o iyNd.s lr .ksñka ;j;a WodyrK lsysmhla idlÉPd lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka fofokd ne.ska lKavdhï lrkak'
² isiq lKavdhïj,g b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 5ka fn§fï ir, .eg¨
iys; mejreï m; ne.ska ,nd § tu .eg¨ úi£ug wjia:dj fokak'
² mejreï m;aj,g l%shdldrlu 3ys jQ wjia:d we;=<;a jk fia .eg¨ ilia lr
.kak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi i|yd fhduq lrkak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² lKavdhï l%shdldrlï w;r;=r ksÍlaIKh iy m%Yak weiSu uÕska isiqka wod<
bf.kqï m, w;alr f.k we;a o hkak ;yjqre lr .kak'
² wod< wNHdi we;=<;a mejreï m;a iy fm<fmdf;ys wNHdi fhdod .kak'

55
 10 È. yd ÿr - 1

ksmqK;dj ( ² È. uekSu wdY%s; .eg¨ úi|hs'

- lsf,daógrh iy ógrh w;r iïnkaO;dj y÷kd f.k .eg¨
úi|hs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² úYd, È.la uksk tallhla f,i lsf,daógrh iy tys iïu;

ixfla;h y÷kd f.k Ndú; lrhs'
² lsf,daógr ógr tall mßj¾;k isÿ lrhs'
² lsf,daógr iy ógr we;=<;a tl;= lsÍfï iy wvq lsÍfï ir, .eg¨
úi|hs'

jdxud,dj (
² lsf,daógr ² ÿr ² È.
² ógr

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² tla tla l%shdldrlï hgf;a i|yka lr we;s bf.kqï iïm;a
² lsf,daógr iy ógr we;=<;a úúO È. i|yka m;%sld lÜg,
Wod (
2 km 3 km 750 m 1 km 250 m

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( lsf,daógrh y÷kajd §u
mshjr 1 (
² 4 jk fY%a‚fha § È. uekSu isÿ l< wdldrh isiqkag u;la lrkak'
Wod ( ) ñSgrj,ska È. uksk ,o ia:dk$jia;+ka
) fikaáógrj,ska È. uksk ,o ia:dk$jia;= ms<sn| j
² mdif,a isg lsf,daógr lsysmhl ÿßka msysá isiqka okakd ia:dkhlg mdif,a
isg fldmuK ÿrla we;s oehs isiqkaf.ka úuikak'
Wod ( ) wfma mdif,a isg ' ' ' mdi,g ÿr
) mdif,a isg ' ' ' k.rhg we;s mdfrys È.
² th úYd, È.la nj idlÉPdjla uÕska ;yjqre lrkak'
² ta wkqj tjeks úYd, È.la uekSu i|yd zlsf,daógrhZ hk tallh Ndú; lrk
nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

56
 ² mdif,ys l%Svd msÜgkshla ^jg m%udKh ksjerÈ j oek .; hq;= h'& we;akï
isiqka tu ia:dkhg le|jdf.k f.dia tuÕska ógr 1000la lsf,daógr tlla
jk nj y÷kajd fokak'
Wod ( ) msÜgksfhys Odjk m:fha jg m%udKh ógr 400 kï" tjeks jg
folyudrla .sh úg lsf,daógr tlla nj
ke;fyd;a
² isik
q a msÜgkshg fyda ñÿ,g fyda le|jd f.k f.dia ñkqï frdaoh$fÜma máh$ógr
fldaÿj$ógr fofla fldagj q Ndú; lr ógr 10l ÿr m%udKhla ,l=Kq lrkak'
tu ,l=Kq fol w;r ÿr ógr 10 nj wjOdrKh lrkak'
² tla ,l=Kl isg wfkla ,l=K olajd tla jrla .uka lf<d;a hkafka ógr
10l ÿrla kï fojrla" ;=ka jrla" y;r jrla wdÈ jYfhka .uka lrk úg hk
ÿr m%udKh fldmuK o @ hkqfjka isiqkaf.ka wikak'
² fï wdldrhg oy jrla .uka l< úg ógr 100 ,efnk nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² ógr 100l ÿr oy j;djla .uka lrk úg ÿr fldmuK oehs wid ógr 100 tajd
10la ógr 1000la hhs mjikak' ógr 1000la lsf,daógr 1la hehs y÷kajd fokak'
^lsf,daógrhla hkq úYd, ñïula nj ;yjqre lrkak'& lsf,daógr i|yd Ndú;
lrk iïu; ixfla;h km bÈßm;a lrkak'
² mdi, wjg we;s lsf,daógr lKq" ÿr i|yka ud¾. mqjre wdÈh ms<sn| j isiqka
iuÕ idlÉPd lrkak' ÿr i|yka rEm igyka fhdod .kak'

mshjr 2 (
² k.r w;r ÿr i|yka is;shula fyda my; wdldrfha igykla fyda isiqkag
fmkajkak' ^yels kï isiq lKavdhïj,g is;shfï msgm; ne.ska ,nd fokak'&
mq;a;,u 142

ux., t<sh 108

y,dj; 76

uyjej 60

ó.uqj 35

fld<U 0
² fuys fld<U isg mq;a;,u f;la jk .uka ud¾.fhys k.r lsysmhlg ÿr
lsf,daógrj,ska i|yka lr we;s nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² tu tla tla k.r i|yd ÿr isiqka ,jd lshjkak'
Wod ( fld<U isg mq;a;,ug ÿr lsf,daógr 142hs'

57
 ² tla tla lKavdhug tu ÿr m%udK ixfla;h fhdod .ksñka my; whqßka
lvodishl ,sùug lshkak'
Wod (
k.rh fld<U isg ÿr
ó.uqj 35 km

l%shdldrlu 2 ( lsf,daógr ógr tall mßj¾;kh

mshjr 1 (
² lsf,daógrhlg ógr 1000la we;s nj kej; u;la lrkak'
² my; wdldrfha m%Yak bÈßm;a lrñka th ;jÿrg;a meyeÈ,s lrkak'
Wod ( ) lsf,daógrhl we;s ógr .Kk lSh o @
) ógr 1000la lsf,daógr lSh o @
) ógr 2000la lsf,daógr lSh o @
) lsf,daógr 5l ógr lSh o @
² thska lsysmhla ,E,af,a igyka lrkak'
Wod ( 1000 m = 1 km
1km =1000 m
2000 m = 2 km
² bka miq my; i|yka wdldrhg lsf,daógr yd ógr m%udKhla ógrj,ska
m%ldY lrk whqre meyeÈ,s lrkak'
Wod ( 2 km 350 m
tla lsf,daógrhl ógr 1000ls' tneúka lsf,daógr 2g ógr 1000 tajd
folla we;' túg ógr 2000ls' ;j;a ógr 350la we;s neúka th o
tl;= úh hq;= h'
túg 2 km 350 m = 2000 m + 350 m = 2350 m
² ta whqßka u ógrj,ska bÈßm;a lr we;s È. m%udKhla lsf,daógr yd ógrj,ska
m%ldY lrk wdldrh o meyeÈ,s lrkak'
Wod ( 5750 m = 5 km 750 m
ógr 5750 ys ógr 1000 tajd 5la we;' ógr 1000la lsf,daógr tlla jk
neúka tys lsf,daógr 5la we;' b;=re È. m%udKh ógr 750ls'

58
mshjr 2 (
² isiqka fofokd ne.ska lKavdhï lrkak'
² ieu isiq hq.,hlg u lsf,daógrj,ska" lsf,daógr iy ógrj,ska yd ógrj,ska
ÿr i|yka m;%sld lÜg,hla ,nd fokak'
Wod (
2 km 3 km 750 m 1250 m 4650 m

² ;ukag ,enqK m;%sld fïih u; uqkska w;g yrjd ;eîug lshkak'

² tla isiqjl=g wyUq f,i m;%sldjla f.k tys i|yka È. m%udKh lshùug
lshkak' wfkla isiqjdg th ógrj,ska fyda lsf,daógrj,ska iy ógrj,ska
fyda m%ldY lsÍug lshkak' fofokdgu th Tjqkaf.a wNHdi fmd;aj, ,shd
.ekSug lshkak'
Wod (2 km = 2000 m
² fï wdldrhg ;uka <Õ we;s ish¨ u m;%sldj, i|yka È. m%udK ógrj,ska
iy lsf,daógrj,ska ,sùug i,iajkak'

mshjr 3 #
² flaj, l%shdldrlula f,i fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fyda ilia lrk ,o
mejreula fyda isiqkag ,nd fokak'

l%shdldrlu 3 ( lsf,daógr iy ógr we;=<;a tl;= lsÍfï .eg¨ úi£u'

mshjr 1 #
² lsf,daógrh iy ógrh w;r iïnkaO;dj kej; u;la lsÍu i|yd ukiska
.Kkh lr ms<s;=re Èh yels my; wdldrfha m%Yak lsysmhla isiqkag bÈßm;a
lrkak'
Wod ( ) lsf,daógr 2l ógr lSh o @
) 1 km 500 m ógrj,ska fldmuK o @
) 3050 m lsf,daógr iy ógrj,ska lshkak'
² my; wdldrfha .eg¨jla isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( ud f.or isg mdi,g meñfKk úg lsf,daógr 1hs ógr 100la mhska
tkjd' Bg miafia ;j;a lsf,daógr 3hs ógr 750la nifhka tkjd'
uf.a f.or isg mdi,g ÿr fldmuK o @
² fuys ms<s;=r ,nd .kafka flfia oehs m%ldY lsÍug m<uq j isiqkag wjia:dj
fokak'

59
 ² ksjerÈ ms<s;=re m%ldY l< wh isá;a kï Tjqka w.h lr my; whqßka o ,shd
ms<s;=re ,nd .; yels nj meyeÈ,s lr fokak'
km m
mhska tk ÿr } 1 100
nifhka tk ÿr } 3 750
ksjfia isg mdi,g ÿr } 4 850

tuÕska" ksjfia isg mdi,g we;s ÿr 4 km 850 mla nj fmkajd fokak'

² f.khdu$tall mßj¾;k we;=<;a wjia:djla iys; tl;= lsÍfï .eg¨jla o
bÈßm;a lr úi|k wdldrh isiqkag meyeÈ,s lr fokak'
Wod ( km m
5 350
+ 4 800

10 150

(1)150

² fuu .eg¨j úi£fï § 1150 m la hkq 1 km 150 mla neúka" 150 m muKla
'm' ;Srfha ,shd" 1 km, 'km' ;Srhg tl;= lrk nj fmkajd fokak'
² wjYH kï ;j;a WodyrKhla meyeÈ,s lrkak'
Wod ( km m
1 750
+ 900

mshjr 2 (
² mka;sfha isiqka y;r fokd muK ne.ska jk lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug by; wdldrfha tl;= lsÍfï .eg¨ folla fyda ;=kla
fyda we;=<;a mejreï m; ne.ska ,nd fokak'
² mejreï mf;ys we;s .eg¨ m<uq j lshjd lKavdhu ;=< idlÉPd lr úi£ug
fhduq lrkak' tlsfkldf.a ms<s;=re mÍlaId lr n,d ksjerÈ nj ;yjqre lr
.ekSug fhduq lrkak'
² wjYH isiqka i|yd Wojq ,nd fokak'

mshjr 3 (
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

60
l%shdldrlu 4 ( lsf,daógr iy ógr we;=<;a wvq lsÍfï .eg¨ úi£u'
² l%shdldrlu 3ys i|yka wdldrfha mshjr wkq.ukh lrñka lsf,daógr iy
ógr we;=<;a wvq lsÍfï .eg¨ úi£ug isiqka fhduq lrkak'
² ta i|yd my; wdldrfha .eg¨ fhdod .kak'
Wod ( ) u.shl= 25 km 500 ml ÿrlska 18 km 500 ml ÿrla ÿïßfhka o b;=re
ÿr nihlska o .uka lrk ,È' nifhka .sh ÿr m%udKh fldmuK
o@
² f.k taï iys; wvq lsÍfï .eg¨jla o fhdod .kak'
Wod ( ) A k.rfha isg B k.rh yryd C k.rh olajd we;s ud¾.fha È. 12
km 550 mls' tu ud¾.fha A isg B f;la È. 7 km 750 mla kï
B isg C olajd È. fldmuK o@

;lafiare lsÍu
² isiqka lKavdhï l%shdldrlïj, fhfok w;r;=r ksÍlaIKfhka iy tla tla
l%shdldrlï wjidkfha isiqkag ;ks ;ks j úi£u i|yd .eg¨ lsysmhla ,nd §u
uÕska wod< bf.kqï m, lrd <Õd ù we;a o hkak ;yjqre lr .kak'
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fhdod .kak'

61
 11 uqo,a - 1

ksmqK;dj ( ² uqo,a Ndú;h yd .kqfokq wdY%s; .eg¨ úi|hs'

- uqo,a wdY%s; ir, .Kkh lsÍï lrhs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² tl;= lsÍu yd wvq lsÍu wka;¾.; j uqo,a wdY%s; ir, .Kkh lsÍï
lrhs'
² NdKav lsysmhla ñ, § .;a úg f.úh hq;= uqo, .Kkh lrhs'
² NdKavhla$NdKav lsym
s hla ñ, § f.k uqo,a f.jQ úg ,efnk b;=re
uqo, .Kkh lr m%ldY lrhs'

jdxud,dj (
² uq¿ uqo, ² b;=re uqo, ² f.úh hq;= uqo,
² jákdlu

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² uqo,a wdY%s; .Kkh lsÍï we;=<;a mejreï m;a
² ñ, o¾Yk
² oekg Ndú;fha mj;sk ldis yd uqo,a fkdaÜgqj, wdo¾Y

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( NdKav ñ, § .;a úg f.úh hq;= uqo, .Kkh lsÍu'
mshjr 1 (
² oekg Ndú;fha mj;sk ldisj, yd uqo,a fkdaÜgqj, wdo¾Y ieu isiqjl=g u
tla ldishla fyda uqo,a fkdaÜgqjla fyda ,efnk mßÈ isiqka w;r fnod fokak'
Wod ( ldis - i; 25" i; 50" remsh," remsh,a 2" remsh,a 5" remsh,a 10
uqo,a fkdaÜgq - remsh,a 20" remsh,a 50" remsh,a 100" remsh,a 500"
remsh,a 1000" remsh,a 5000
² l%shdldrlug msúiSula f,i isiqyq ldis iy uqo,a fkdaÜgq y÷k;s o hkak
úuid ne,Su i|yd my; whqßka l%shd lrkak'
² ldishl fyda uqo,a fkdaÜgqjl fyda jákdlu m%ldY lr tu ldish fyda uqo,a
fkdaÜgqj fyda w; we;s isiqkag isg .ekSug lshkak'
² tu ldisfha fyda uqo,a fkdaÜgqfõ fyda ,laIK ms<n
s | j u;la lsÍu i|yd
isik
q f
a .ka m%Yk
a wikak'

62
 Wod ( ) ldisfha yevh
) ldisfha$uqo,a fkdaÜgqfõ j¾Kh
) jákdlu i|yka lr we;s wdldrh ^b,lalfuka iy wl=frka&
) ksl;= a l< Èkh
) uqo,a fkdaÜgqfõ wiaika fhdod we;s whf.a ;k;=re
² wjYH kï ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd ienE ldish fyda uqo,a fkdaÜgqj fyda fhdod
.kak'
² NdKav ñ, § .;a úg f.úh hq;= uqo, .Kkh lsÍu y÷kajd §u i|yd my;
wdldrfha m%Yk
a hla isik
q g
a bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( remsh,a 35l wNHdi fmd;la iy remsh,a 12 i; 50l mEkla ñ, § .;af;a
kï f.úh hq;= uqo, lSh o @
² fuh 4 jk fY%‚a fha § o bf.k f.k we;s neúka ms<;
s r
= .Kkh lsÍu i|yd
isik
q g
a wjia:dj fokak'
² wyUq f,i f;dard.;a isik
q a lsym
s fofkl=g ;ukag ,enqKq ms<;
s r
= e m%ldY lsÍug
lshkak'
² thska ksjerÈ ms<;
s r
= m%ldY l< isij
q l=g ;ud ms<;
s r
= ,nd.;af;a flfia o hkak
úia;r lsÍug o wjia:dj fokak'
² ta wkqj uqo,a m%udK fol tl;= lsÍu uÕska f.úh hq;= uqo, ,nd.; yels nj
fmkajd fokak'
Wod ( remsh,a i;
35 00
+ 12 50
47 50 f.úh hq;= uq¿ uqo, } re'47'50

² fuh ,shkafka fkdue;s j my; whqßka ukiska tl;= lr ms<;

s r
= ,nd .; yels
nj o fmkajd fokak'
Wod ( ñ, jeä NdKavfha ñ, isg ñ, wvq NdKavfhys ñ, f;la bÈßhg .Kka
lrñka tl;= lsÍu'
tkï" m<uq j remsh,a 35g remsh,a 10la tl;= l< úg remsh,a 45 hs'
remsh,a 45g remsh,a 2 tl;= l< úg remsh,a 47 hs'
remsh,a 47g i; 50 tl;= l< úg remsh,a 47hs i; 50 hs'
² isik
q a o iyNd.s lr .ksñka ;j;a WodyrKhla fhdod f.k f.úh hq;= uqo,
.Kkh lsÍu meyeÈ,s lrkak'

63
mshjr 2 (
² isik
q a fofokd ne.ska lKavdhï lrkak'
² my; wdldrfha ñ, o¾Ykhla iy tu NdKav ñ, § .;a úg f.úh hq;= uqo,
.Kkh lsÍfï m%Yka we;=<;a mejreï m;la isiq lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'
Wod (
ñ, o¾Ykh
øjHh ñ,
wNHdi fmd; remsh,a 35'00
mekai, remsh,a 6'50
mEk remsh,a 12'50
ulkh remsh,a 15'25
mdg fmÜáh remsh,a 64'75

1' mEkla iy mekai,la ñ, § .;a úg

f.úh hq;= uqo, lSh o @
2' mdg fmÜáhla iy wNHdi fmd;la ñ, §
.;a úg f.úh hq;= uqo, fidhkak'
3' øjH folla ñ, § f.k remsh,a 80 la
f.õfõ kï ñ, § .;a øjH fol l=ula o @

² isik
q a leu;s wdldrhlska ms<;
s r
= e ,nd .ekSug wjia:dj fokak'
² tla tla lKavdhï wi,g f.dia Tjqka ms<;
s r
= e ,nd.;a wdldrh fidhd n,kak'
² wjidkfha uq¿ mka;h
s u iyNd.s lr .ksñka tla tla .eg¨jg ms<;
s r
= e ,nd .kak'

l%h
s dldrlu 2 ( b;=re uqo,a .Kkh lsÍu'
mshjr 1 (
² ukiska úi|d ms<;s r= e ,nd .ekSug yels uqo,a wdY%;
s ir, tl;= lsÍï$wvq lsÍï
we;=<;a m%Yk
a isikq ga bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( ) remsh,a 8l mekai,la ñ, § .ekSfï § remsh,a 10 ldishla ÿkfyd;a
,efnk b;=re uqo, lSh o @
) remsh,a 8lg mekai,la iy remsh,a 12lg mEkla ñ, § .;a úg f.úh
hq;= uqo, lSh o @
² b;=re uqo,a .Kkh lsÍug wod< my; wdldrfha .eg¨jla isik
q g
a bÈßm;a
lrkak'
Wod ( iuka remsh,a 65l mdg mekai,a fmÜáhla .ekSug remsh,a 100 fkdaÜgqjla
ÿkafka h' iukag ,enqK b;=re uqo, lSh o @
² isik
q a o iyNd.s lr .ksñka b;=re uqo, fidhk wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

64
 Wod ( remsh,a i;
100 00
- 65 50
35 50

tuÕska remsh,a 65l NdKavhla ñ, § .ekSug remsh,a 100la ÿka úg ,efnk

b;=re uqo, remsh,a 35la nj m%ldY lrkak'
² fuys § wm fjf<|i,lg .sh wjia:djl § kï myiqfjka u b;=re uqo, y÷kd
.ekSu remsh,a 65 isg bÈßhg .Kka lsÍfuka isÿ l< yels nj fmkajd fokak'
Wod ( 65 isg oyfhka oyh 95 f;la .Kka l< úg 30la ,efí' 95 isg 100 f;la
;j;a 5ls' 30 iy 5 tl;= l< úg ms<;
s r
= 35 fõ'
² ;j;a WodyrKhla f,i by; .eg¨j u fjk;a wvq lsÍula ,efnk f,i kej;
isik
q g
a bÈßm;a l< yels h'
Wod ( remsh,a 65l mdg mekai,a fmÜáhla .ekSfï § remsh,a 500l fkdaÜgqjla
,nd ÿkfyd;a ,efnk b;=re uqo, lSh o @

remsh,a i;
500 00
- 65 00

435 00

mshjr 2 (
² isikq a fofokd ne.ska tl;= ù úi£u i|yd by; wdldrfha .eg¨ we;=<;a
m;%l
s dj ne.ska ,nd fokak'
² isikq a ish¨ fokd u .eg¨ úiª miq tla tla .eg¨j m<uq j ukiska úi|d
ms<;
s r= e ,nd .kakd wdldrh bÈßm;a lsÍug isik
q g
a uÕ fmkajkak'
² tajd ksjerÈ oehs ;yjqre lr .ekSug by; whqßka ,shd ms<; s r
= e ,nd .kakd
wdldrh o bÈßm;a lsÍug" wyUq f,i f;dard .;a isik
q a lsym
s fofkl=g wjia:dj
fokak'

mshjr 3 (
² ld,h m%udKj;a kï fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug isik
q g
a wjia:dj fokak'

l%h
s dldrlu 3 ( b;=re uqo,a .Kkh lsÍu ;j ÿrg;a
² NdKavhl ñ,g remsh,a iy i; hk fol u we;=<;a j we;s wjia:djl § b;=re
uqo, .Kkh lsÍu isÿ lrk wdldrh y÷kajd §ug iqÿiq l%h
s dldrlula ie,eiqï
lr .kak'

65
l%h
s dldrlu 4 ( NdKav lsym
s hla ñ, § f.k uqo,a f.jQ úg ,efnk b;=re uqo, .Kkh
lsÍu'
mshjr 1 (
² úúO øjH lsym
s hl ñ, i|yka ñ, o¾Ykhla isik
q g
a m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
Wod ( ñ, o¾Ykh
øjHh ñ,
remsh,a i;
mekai, 8 50
mekai,a lgrh 11 25
mEk 14 50
wNHdi fmd; 35 00
Ñ;% fmd; 43 50
mdi,a nE.h 375 00
l;kaor fmd; 30 00
mdg fmÜáh 40 75
fldaÿj 15 50
mdg mekai,a fmÜáh 89 50
,shqï ljrh 5 25

² fuys we;s øjH lsym

s hl kï mjiñka wod< ñ, m%ldY lsÍug isik
q g
a wjia:dj
fokak'
² leue;af;ka bÈßm;a jk isijq l=g NdKavhla kï lrk f,i lshkak' tys ñ,
wfkla isik
q a ,jd lshùug fhduq lrkak'
² fujeks wjia:d lsym
s hlska miq j my; f,ig N+ñld rx.khla uÕska NdKav
foll ñ, tl;= lsÍug fhduq lrjkak'
^tla isif
q jla - uqo,d,s" ;j;a isif
q jla - nvq ñ, § .kakd&
ñ, § .kakd ( uqo,d,s" mekai,a lgrhla lSh o @
uqo,d,s ( remsh,a 11hs i; 25hs'
^uqo,d,s l¿,E,af,a tu .Kk ,shhs'& remsh,a i;
11 25
ñ, § .kakd ( uqo,d,s" Ñ;% fmd;l=;a ´kE'
uqo,d,s ( remsh,a 43hs i; 50la fjkjd'
^uq,k
s a ,shQ .Kkg háka ,shhs'& remsh,a i;
11 25
43 50
uq¿ uqo,
ñ, § .kakd ( uqo,d,s" folg u lSh o @
uqo,d,s ( wms yo, n,uqfld'
^tl;=j idohs' .=re;=ñh yd wfkla isiy
q q o Bg iyNd.s fj;s'&
66
 remsh,a i;
11 25
¬ 43 50
54 75

² tu uqo, f.ùug remsh,a 100l fkdaÜgqjla ^wdo¾Y fkdaÜgq fhdod .kak&

uqo,d,sg ,nd ÿkfyd;a ,efnk b;=re uqo, fidhk f,i uqo,d,s f,i rÕmE
isij
q dg lshkak'
² b;=re uqo,a §fï § bÈßhg .Kka lsÍfï l=i,;dj b;d m%fhdackj;a jk
nj ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd fuu b;=re uqo, bÈßhg .Kka lsÍfuka ,nd .kakd
wdldrh m<uq j meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² bkamiq my; whqßka l¿,E,af,a ,shd wvq lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'
remsh,a i;
100 00
- 54 75
45 25

² fï wdldrhg ñ, § .kakd yd uqo,d,s o NdKav o fjkia lrñka WodyrK

lsym
s hla idlÉPd lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
² fofokd ne.ska jev lrk fuka isik
q g
a lshkak'
² tla isij
q l=g uqo,d,s f,i lghq;= lrk f,i;a wfkla isij
q dg NdKav ñ, §
.kakl= f,i lghq;= lsÍug;a Wmfoia fokak'
² ñ, o¾Ykhg wkqj NdKav 2la f.k NdKav fofla ñ,g jvd jeä uqo,a
fkdaÜgqjlska .kqfokq lsÍug fhduq lrkak'
² isik
q a fofokd fuu l%h
s djkays udrefjka udrejg fhfoñka .Kka lsym
s hla
ie§ug lshkak' ^wNHdi fmdf;ys ,shñka ñ, .Kkh lsÍug fhduq lrkak'&
² isik
q g
a fï i|yd m%udKj;a ld,hla ,nd fokak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug fhduq lrkak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² isik
q a jev lrk w;r tla tla lKavdhu fj; f.dia Tjqkf a .a jev ksÍlaIKh
lrkak' ÿIalr;d olajk isiyq q fj;a kï remsh,aj,ska ñ, .Kkh lsÍfï wjia:d
muKla f;dard .ekSug lshkak'
² flaj, l%h
s dldrlï f,i wod< wNHdi we;=<;a mejreï fhdod .kak'
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fhdod .kak'

67
 13 mßudj yd Odß;dj - 1

ksmqK;dj ( ² mßudj yd Odß;dj we;=<;a .eg¨ úi|hs'

- Ndckj, Odß;dj ukshs'
- mßudj yd Odß;dj we;=<;a ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² ,Sgr iy ñ,s,Sgr Ndú;fhka Ndckhlg w,a,k øj m%udKh ksudkh

lrhs' uek ii|hs'
² ,Sgr iy ñ,s,Sgr we;=<;a ir, tl;= lsÍfï .eg¨ úi|hs'
² ,Sgr iy ñ,s,g
S r we;=<;a ir, wvq lsÍfï .eg¨ úi|hs'

jdxud,dj (
² ,Sgr ² ñ,s,Sgr ² w,a,k m%udKh
² ksudkh

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² ,Sgrh iy ñ,s,Sgr i,l=Kq lrk ,o ,Sgrhl muK m%udKfha
Ndck$ñkqï ird ^lKavdhï l%shdldrlï i|yd m%udKj;a jk fia&
² mqkS,
² úúO Odß;dfjka hq;a fnda;,a$Ndck
² c,h
² tla tla lKavdhï hgf;a i|yka lr we;s m;%sld iy mejreï

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( Ndckj, wvx.= øj m%udK uekSu'
mshjr 1 (
² 4 jk fY%a‚fha § bf.k .;a øj uekSu iy ,Sgr iy ñ,s,Sgr tall ms<sn|+ j
kej; u;la lsÍu i|yd c,h iys; úúO m%udKj, Ndck lsysmhla ^y;rla
muK& isiqkag fmkajkak'
² fuu Ndckj, we;s c, m%udKh fldmuK oehs isiqkaf.ka wikak' isiqka
fok ms<s;=re wkqj th ueksh hq;= nj ;yjqre lrkak'
² ,Sgr iy ñ,s,Sgr Ndú;fhka c, m%udK ueksh yels nj u;la lrkak'
² wyUq f,i f;dard .;a isiqka fofokd ne.ska le|jd ñ,s,Sgr i,l=Kq lrk
,o ñkqï irdjla Wmfhda.S lrf.k tu Ndckj, we;s c, m%udK uekSug
wjia:dj fokak'

68
 1l
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100

² isiqka uekSfuka miq tla tla Ndckfha ;snQ c, m%udKh my; wdldrfhka
,E,af,a ,shkak' fuys § ,Sgr iy ñ,s,Sgr ixfla; ms<sn| j isiqkaf.a
wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
Wod (
Ndckh ;snQ c, m%udKh
mSßis fldamamh 200 ml
ùÿre fnda;,h 750 ml
îu fnda;,h 1 l 200 ml
''''''''''' ''''''''''
''''''''''' ''''''''''

² tu m%udK isiqka ,jd kej; lshjkak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka iqÿiq whqßka l=vd lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² t<suyfka fyda mka;s ldurfha ia:dk lsym
s hl fyda úúO c, m%udK iys; Ndck
lsym
s hla ^tla lKavdhulg tla Ndckhla jk fia& ;nkak' tu Ndck wxlkh
lrkak'
² ieu lKavdhulg u mqkS,hla iy ñkqï irdjla fyda ñ,s,Sgr i,l=Kq lrk
,o úksúo fmfkk Ndckhla fyda ne.ska ,nd fokak'
² ieu lKavdhulg u úúO ia:dkj, ;sfnk Ndckj, we;s c, m%udK uek
my; wdldrfha j.=jl igyka lsÍug fhduq lrkak'

Ndckh ;snQ c, m%udKh

² jrlg tla ia:dkhlg tla lKavdhula muKla fhduq jk wdldrfhka

l%shdldrlu fufyhjkak' isiqyq c,h uekSfï § wmf;a hj;a o hkak ms<sn|
j wjOdkfhka isákak' wmf;a fkdhjd uekSu isÿ l< hq;= nj mjikak'
² lKavdhï l%shdldrlu wjidkfha ;ukag ,enqKq ñkqï m%udK bÈßm;a lsÍug
lKavdhïj,g wjia:dj fokak'

69
l%shdldrlu 2 ( øj m%udKhla wdikak ,Sgrhg ksudkh lsÍu iy uekSu'
mshjr 1 (
² isiq iyNd.s;ajh we;s j ñkqï irdjlska c,h ,Sgrhla uek .kak' tu c,
m%udKh fyd¢ka oel .; yels jk fia m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
² fï wdldrhg c,h ,Sgr tl ne.ska uek .ksñka úúO yevfhka hq;a Ndckj,g
j;a lrkak' ta wkqj c,h ,Sgr tll m%udKh úúO ;rfï iy úúO yevfha
Ndck ;=< flfia bvla .kafka o hkak ksÍlaIKh lsÍug isik q g
a wjia:dj
fokak'
² ,Sgrhlg álla jeä Ndckhla c,fhka mqrjd .kak' tys we;s c, m%udKh
ksudkh l< yelafla ldg oehs úuikak' isiqka lsysm fofkl=f.ka ms<s;=re
,nd .kak'
² Tjqka úiska lrk ,o ksudk flf;la ÿrg ksjerÈ oehs ne,Sug ñkqï irdjla
weiqßka tu c, m%udKh uek fmkajkak'
² ,Sgr follg$;=klg álla wvq$jeä wjia:d weiqßka ,Sgrj,ska ksudkh ms<n
s |
w;aoelSï ,nd .ekSug isik
q a fhduq lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
² mka;sfha isiqka iqÿiq whqßka lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug fíiula" ñkqï irdjla iy mqkS,hla ne.ska ,nd fokak'
² ieu lKavdhulg u wdikak ,Sgr 1" ,Sgr 2 iy ,Sgr 3 m%udKhg ksudkh
i|yd iqÿiq f,i c, m%udK iys; Ndck lsysmhla o imhkak'
² jrlg tla Ndckhl we;s c, m%udKh ne.ska ksudkh lr ienE m%udKh
uekSug lshkak'
² my; wdldrfha j.=jla wNHdi fmdf;ys we| igyka lsÍug i,iajkak'

Ndckh ksudkh l< m%udKh ienE m%udKh

1 ,Sgr 3 hs' ,Sgr 3hs ñ,s,Sgr 100hs'

² isiqyq l%shdldrlïj, kshe<S isák w;r;=r ksudkh yd uekSu ksjerÈ j isÿ

lr;a o hkak fidhd n,kak' ieu isiqjl=g u wjia:dj ,efnk wdldrhg
fufyhjkak'

70
l%shdldrlu 3 ( ñ,s,Sgr Ndú;fhka øj m%udK ksudkh lsÍu iy uekSu'
mshjr 1 (
² ñ,s,Sgr Ndú; jk wjia:djka ms<sn| my; wdldrfha m%Yak lsysmhla bÈßm;a
lrñka msúfikak'
a hlg w,a,k j;=r m%udKh 100 mlg wvq o @ jeä o @
Wod ( ) mSßis fldamm
) l=vd u isi,
s a îu fnda;,hlg w,a,k îu m%udKh fldmuK úh yels o@
) Tfí j;=r fnda;,hg w,a,k j;=r m%udKh fldmuK o @
² ñ,s,Sgr i,l=Kq lrk ,o ñkqï irdjla o" l=vd Ndck lsysmhla o isiqkag
fmfkk wdldrhg fïihla u; ;nkak'
² 100 ml hkq fldmuK m%udKhla o hkak isiqkag y÷kd .ekSu i|yd ñkqï
irdfõ 100 ml olajd c,h j;a lrkak'
² 100 ml ñïfuka fïih u; we;s tla tla Ndckh msrùug lS jdrhla c,h
oeñh hq;= oehs ksudkh lsÍug isiqkag lshkak'
² Tjqkaf.a ksudkhka lsysmhla l¿,E,af,a ,shkak'
² ñkqï irdfjka uek 100 mll c, m%udKhla m<uq jk Ndckhg j;a lrk
fuka isiqjl=g lshkak'
² jdr .Kk .Kka lsÍu i|yd mka;f
s ha wfkla whg Wojq lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'
² fï whqßka wksla Ndckj,g o w,a,k m%udKh ms<sn| Tjqkaf.a ksudkhka
mÍlaId lsÍug fhduq lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
² mka;sfha isiqkag lKavdhï jYfhka tl;= ù ,Sgr 1g wvq Odß;dj iys;
Ndck lsysmhlg w,a,k øj m%udK ksudkh lsÍu" uekSu iy l%shdldrlu 2ys
wdldrhg jd¾;d lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'
² lKavdhï l%shdldrlï w;r;=r ksÍlaIKfhka ieu lKavdhula u uekSug
fmr ksudkh isÿ lrkafka o ksjerÈ j uek jd¾;d lrkafka o hkak ;yjqre
lr .kak'

l%shdldrlu 4 ( ,Sgr iy ñ,s,Sgr m%udK we;=<;a ir, tl;= lsÍfï .eg¨ úi£u
mshjr 1 (
² ,Sgrh iy ñ,s,Sgrh w;r iïnkaO;dj isiqkag u;la lsÍu i|yd my;
wdldrfha m%Yak lsysmhla wikak'
Wod ( ) ,Sgrhlg ñ,s,Sgr lSh o @
) ,Sgrhlg ñ,s,Sgr 500 tajd lSh o @
) 1 l 500 mll we;s ñ,s,Sgr .Kk lSh o @
) 500 mlla hkq ,Sgr lSh o @

71
² my; wdldrfha tl;= lsÍfï .eg¨jla isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( tla Ndckhl c,h 5 l 750 ml we;' tu Ndckh iïmQ¾Kfhka msÍug ;j
c,h 4 l 750 ml oeñh hq;= h' Ndckhg w,a,k uq¿ c, m%udKh fldmuK
o@
² .eg¨j isiqka ,jd lshùug i,iajd ms<s;=re ,nd .kafka flfia oehs m%ldY
lsÍug o wjia:dj fokak'
² th my; whqßka ,shd úi|k wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
l ml
Ndckfha ;snQ c, m%udKh } 5 750
;j oeñh hq;= c, m%udKh } 4 750
Ndckhg w,a,k uq¿ c, m%udKh } 10 500

^fuys § 1500 ml ka 1000 ml la 1 l f,i ,Sgr ;Srhg f.k hk nj

meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² my; wdldrfha rEm igykla isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'

fíiu fla;,h l<h

6 l 800 ml 2 l 250 ml 7 l 625 ml

fcda.a.=j fnda;,h fldamamh

4 l 725 ml 1 l 500 ml 350 ml

² rEmfha we;s tla tla Ndckj, tu olajd we;s m%udKj,ska c,h we;s nj
lshkak'
² isiqka fofokl=g Ndck folla kï lsÍug lshkak'
Wod ( fíiu iy l<h
² oeka my; wdldrfhka m%Yak wikak'
Wod ( ) fíifuys we;s c, m%udKh fldmuK o @
) l<fhys we;s c, m%udKh fldmuK o @
) Ndck foflys u we;s uq¿ c, m%udKh fldmuK o @
² úi|k wdldrh fmkajd fokak'

72
 Wod ( l ml
fíifuys we;s c, m%udKh } 6 800
l<fhys we;s c, m%udKh } 7 625
Ndck foflys u we;s uq¿ c, m%udKh } 14 425

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka fofokd ne.ska lKavdhï lrkak'
² by; igyk weiqfrka tl;= lsÍfï .eg¨ lsysmhla úi£ug wjia:dj fokak'
fuys § fofokd fjk fjk u Ndck folla kï lr tu Ndck foflys
we;s c, m%udKj, tl;=j by; úia;r l< wdldrfhka ,shd fiúh hq;= nj
meyeÈ,s lr fokak'
² wjYH isiqka i|yd ;j ÿrg;a uÕ fmkaùï lrkak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi i|yd isiqka fhduq lrkak'

l%shdldrlu 5 ( ,Sgr iy ñ,s,Sgr m%udK wvq lsÍu wdY%s; .eg¨ úi£u'

mshjr 1 (
² my; wdldrfha .eg¨jla isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( ner,hl ;snQ fmd,af;,a 15 l 500 ml lska 8 l 750 mll m%udKhla úl=Kk
,È' ner,fha b;=re fmd,af;,a m%udKh fldmuK o @
² isiqka o iyNd.s lr .ksñka úi|k wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

l ml
;snQ fmd,af;,a m%udKh } 15 500
úl=Kk ,o fmd,af;,a m%udKh } 8 750
b;=re fmd,af;,a m%udKh } 6 750

² fuys § 500 mlka 750 ml wvq l< fkdyels ksid ,Sgr ;Srfhka ,Sgr 1la
ñ,s,Sgrj,g mßj¾;kh lr 1500 ml ka 750 mlla wvq lrk nj;a túg ,Sgr
;Srfha 14 - 8 = 6 jk nj;a meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² wjYH kï by; wdldrfha ;j;a .eg¨jla meyeÈ,s lsÍu i|yd fhdod .kak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqkag lKavdhï jYfhka tl;= ù úi£u i|yd .eg¨ iys; mejreï m;la
,nd fokak'

73
 Wod (

1' c,h 25 l la msrúh yels gexlshl 12 l 350 ml l c, m%udKhla

;sì‚' th iïmQ¾Kfhka msrùu i|yd ;j fldmuK c,
m%udKhla wjYH o @
2' tla Ndckhlg w,a,k øj m%udKh 7 l 250 ml la fõ' ;j;a
Ndckhlg w,a,k øj m%udKh 12 l 350 ml fõ' Ndck
folg w,a,k øj m%udK w;r fjki fldmuK o @
3' .uk wdrïNfha § fudag¾ r:hl ;snQ bkaOk m%udKh
32 l 500 ml ls' .uk wjidkfha § b;=re j ;snQ bkaOk
m%udKh 12 l 850 ml ls' .uk i|yd jeh jQ bkaOk m%udKh
fldmuK o @

² wjidkfha isiqka ish¨ fokd u iyNd.s lr .ksñka ,E,af,a ,shd .eg¨

úi|kak' ieu fokdg u ksjerÈ ms<s;=re ,eî ;snqfKa o hkak fidhd n,kak'

mshjr 3 (
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍu i|yd isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² lKavdhï l%shdldrlï w;r;=r ksÍlaIKh uÕska ksudkh" uekSu iy jd¾;d lsÍu
ksjerÈ j isÿ lrkafka o hkak ;yjqre lr.kak''
² mejreï iy fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fhdod .kak'
² f.khdï$f.k tau iys; j tl;= lsÍu$wvq lsÍu wmyiq isiqka i|yd f.khdu$f.k
tau rys; .eg¨ úi£ug ;j ÿrg;a wjia:dj fokak'

74
 14 nr uekSu - 1

ksmqK;dj ( ² nr uekSu wdY%s; .eg¨ úi|hs'

- úúO jia;=j, nr ksudkh lr uek ii|hs¦ .eg¨ úi|hs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² øjHhl nr wdikak lsf,da.a?uhg ksudkh lrhs ¦ uek ii|hs'

² nr uekSu i|yd úúO ;rdÈ fhdod .kakd nj y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs'
² .a?ï iy lsf,da.a?ï tall we;=<;a f.khdu iys; ir, tl;=
lsÍfï .eg¨ úi|hs'
² .a?ï iy lsf,da.?
a ï tall we;=<;a f.ktau iys; ir, wvq lsÍfï
.eg¨ úi|hs'

jdxud,dj (
² wdikak lsf,da.a?uhg nr ² ksudkh
² ;rdÈh ² lsf,da.a?ï ² .a?ï

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² nr uekSug ;rdÈ
² ienE mä lÜg,h
² ilia lr.;a ñkqï mä lÜg,
² nr uekSu i|yd úúO nr m%udKj,ska ilik ,o md¾i,a$je,s u¨
lsysmhla ^3 kg iy Bg wvq m%udK&
² nr uekSu i|yd fhdod .kakd úúO ;rdÈ we;=<;a rEm
² l%shdldrlïj, olajd we;s .eg¨ we;=<;a mejreï m;a

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( øjHj, nr ksudkh¦ uekSu iy iei£u
mshjr 1 (
² isiqkaf.a fmr oekqu u;la lsÍu i|yd"
) ;eá ;rdÈhla fmkajd th fhdod.kafka l=ula i|yd oehs úuikak'
) nr uekSug fhdod .kakd tall ms<sn| j úuikak'
² lsf,da.a?ï iy .a?ï mä lÜg,h fmkajd tajdfha i|yka m%udK lshùug
i,iajkak'
² lsf,da.a?uhl nr mäh o" md¾i,a lsysmhla o isiqka w;ska w; hjd lsf,da.a?ï
tll nr m%udKh ms<sn| j hï wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug wjia:dj fokak'
² lsf,da.a?uhg jvd jeä iy wvq nr iys; md¾i,a$u¨ lsysmhla isiqkag ,nd
fokak' lsf,da.a?ï tll md¾i,h tla w;lg o wfkla md¾i,hla wfkla
w;g o f.k ii|d fjkila oefka o hkak y÷kd .ekSug fhduq lrkak'

75
 fuu fjki y÷kd .ekSug fndfyda isiqkag wmyiq úh yels neúka úúO nr
iys; md¾i,a lsysmhla lsf,da.a?ufha mäh iuÕ iei£ug wjia:dj fokak'
² m<uqfjka u tajd lsf,da.?
a uhg wvq o$jeä o hkak y÷kd .ekSug fhduq lrkak'
jeäkï lsf,da.?a ï lShla muK úh yels o hkak ksudkh lsÍug fhduq lrkak'
Wod ( lsf,da.a?ï 2la muK
² oeka hï isiqjl= ii|k ,o nrla ;eá ;rdÈfhka uekSug i,iajkak'
a uhg jeä kï m<uq j 2 kg mäh fhdod .kak' th 2 kglg
Wod ( th lsf,da.?
jvd wvq nj fmkajkafka kï" 1 kg mäh iy .a?ufha mä fhdoñka
lsf,da.?
a uj,ska iy .a?uj,ska nr uekSug fhduq lrkak'
² fuys § tla tla mä fhdoñka ksjerÈ nr y÷kd .kakd wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² by; wdldrhg isiqka o iyNd.s lrf.k úúO jia;= lsysmhl nr ksudkh
iy uekSu wdo¾Ykh lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka iqÿiq f,i lKavdhï lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhu i|yd md¾i,$je,s u¨ lÜg,hla" ;rdÈhla iy mä lÜg,hla
ne.ska ,nd fokak'
² jrlg tla md¾i,h ne.ska .ksñka tajd w;ska w; hjñka tla tla isij
q dg ;ks
;ks j nr ksudkh lsÍug;a my; wdldr j.=jl igyka lr .ekSug;a Wmfoia
fokak'

md¾i,h ksudkh ienE nr

l< nr
1' m<uq md¾i,h 1 kg

² tla tla md¾i,fhys$u,af,ys nr ksudkh lsÍfuka miq j ish,a,la u tla j lsrd

ne,Sug;a" j.=fjys igyka lr .ekSug;a Wmfoia fokak'
² isik
q a lKavdhï l%h
s dldrlfuys kshe<S isák w;r;=r lKavdhïj,g hñka
ksÍlaIKh lrkak' Tjqyq ksjerÈ j nr lsrd n,;a o j.=fjys igyka lr;a o
hkak fidhd n,kak'
² ksudkh lsÍu wmyiq isik
q g
a wjYH mßÈ ueÈy;a fjñka Wojq ,nd fokak'

l%h
s dldrlu 2 ( nr uekSu i|yd fhdod .kakd úúO ;rdÈ y÷kajd §u'
mshjr 1
² ;rdÈh Ndú; lr nr uksk wjia:d ms<n
s | j isik
q f
a .a w;aoelSï idlÉPd lrkak'
² mka;s ldurfha Ndú; l< ;rdÈh yer nr uekSfï § fjk;a WmlrK Ndú;
lrk whqre oel we;a oehs isik
q f
a .ka úuikak'

76
² isik
q a ,ndfok ms<; s r
= e wkqj my; ;rdÈ y÷kajd fokak' yelskï ienE ;rdÈ
oel .ekSug isikq ga wjia:dj fokak' ^mßir wdY%; s l%h
s dldrlï úIh hgf;a
lafIa;% pdßld hdfï § fujeks ;rdÈ Ndú; jk ia:dk keröug wjia:djla
fhdod .; yels h'&
Wod ( ) ÿkq ;rdÈh (Spring scale)

) bf,lafg%dksl ;rdÈh (Electronic scale)

) ìï ;rdÈh (Floor scale)`

77
 ) l=vd nr m%udK ueksh yels uq¿;ekaf.hys Ndú; jk ;rdÈh
(Kitchen scale)

² ;rdÈj, nr m%udK igyka ù we;s wdldrh ksÍlaIKh lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
² imhd .ekSug yels kï tjeks ;rdÈ lsym s hlska nr uksk wdldrh wdo¾Ykh
lr fmkajkak' ^Wod ( ÿkq ;rdÈh$uq¿;ekaf.hys Ndú; jk ;rdÈh&

mshjr 2 (
² by; ;rdÈhla fyda lsym
s hla fyda mka;s ldurhg /f.k ú;a isik
q a lKavdhï
lr úúO jia;= lsym
s hl nr uekSug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
Wod ( ;eá ;rdÈhla fyda ÿkq ;rdÈhla fyda isik
q f
a .a nr ueksh yels bf,lafg%dksl
;rdÈhla fyda uq¿;ekaf.fhys Ndú; jk l=vd ;rdÈhla fyda imhd .;
yels h'
² fuys § ;rdÈfhys fmkakïq lrk nr lshjk wdldrh ms<n
s | j isik
q f
a .a
wjOdkh fhduq lrkak' wfkla ;rdÈj,g jvd bf,lafg%dksl ;rdÈhlska
mdGdxlh lshùfï myiqj ms<n
s | j meyeÈ,s lrkak'

l%h
s dldrlu 3 ( lsf,da.?
a ï iy .a?ï m%udK we;=<;a tl;= lsÍfï .eg¨ úi£u'
mshjr 1 #
² ufkdauh .‚;h i|yd my; wdldrfha m%Yk
a lsym
s hla isik
q g
a bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( ) lsf,da.?
a uhg .a?u lSh o @
) .a?ï 2500 lsf,da.?
a ïj,ska iy .a?ïj,ska fldmuK o @
² my; wdldrfha .eg¨jla isik
q g
a bÈßm;a lrkak'
s l yd,a 20 kg 500 gla ;sn‚
Wod ( f.dakh q ' thg ;j yd,a 12 kg 750 gla ouk
,È' oeka f.dakf
s ha we;s yd,aj, uq¿ nr fldmuK o @
² y;r jk fY%‚
a fha § nr wdY%;
s j fujeks tl;= lsÍï isÿ l< wdldrh u;la
lrkak'

78
 ² fuh úi|k wdldrh isik
q a o iyNd.s lr .ksñka wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
kg g
f.dakf
s ha ;snQ yd,aj, nr } 20 500
f.dakh
s g oeuQ yd,aj, nr } 12 750
yd,aj, uq¿ nr } 33 250

² fï wdldrhg ;j;a .eg¨jla bÈßm;a lr úi|k whqre wdo¾Ykh lrkak'

s j<ska 1 kg 450 g iy 1 kg 600 gls' .ia,nq
Wod ( .ia,nq f.ä foll nr ms<f
f.ä foflys uq¿ nr fldmuK o @
² fuu .eg¨j m<uq j isik q a ,jd lshjkak' fuys ms<;
s r
= ,nd .kafka flfia o
hkak úia;r lsÍug leue;af;ka bÈßm;a jk isik q a lsym
s fofkl=g wjia:dj
fokak' ^fuys § isik
q a .eg¨j lshjd tl;= lsÍula isÿ l< hq;= nj wjfndaO lr
.ekSu jeo.;a fõ'&
² l¿,E,af,a ,shd ms<;
s r
= e fiùug isik
q g
a wjia:dj fokak'

mshjr 2 (
² isik
q g
a fofokd ne.ska tl;= ù úi£u i|yd by; wdldrfha .eg¨ 4la muK
we;=<;a mejreï m;la ,nd fokak'
² wjYH isik
q a i|yd uÕ fmkaùï lrkak'
² isik
q a .eg¨ úi|d wjika jQ miq leue;af;ka bÈßm;a jk isik
q g
a l¿,E,af,a
,shd tu .eg¨ úi£ug wjia:dj fokak'

mshjr 3 (
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug isik
q g
a wjia:dj fokak'

l%h
s dldrlu 4 ( lsf,da.?
a ï iy .a?ï we;=<;a ir, wvq lsÍfï .eg¨ úi£u'
mshjr 1 (
² l%h
s dldrlu 3ys isÿ l< wdldrhg wvq lsÍfï .eg¨jla bÈßm;a lr úi|k
wdldrh wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
Wod ( 5 kg 500 gla ;snQ f;afld< fmÜáhlska 3 kg 850 gl m%udKhla úl=Kk
,È' fmÜáfha b;=re f;a fld< m%udKh fldmuK o @
² fujeks wdldrfha WodyrK lsym
s hla o meyeÈ,s lr fokak'
Wod ( ) flduvq f.ä follska tla flduvq f.ähl nr 2 kg 100 gla o" wfkla
flduvq f.äfha nr 1 kg 850 gla o fõ' tu f.ä foflys nr w;r
fjki fldmuK o @
s l 30 kg 500 gl yd,a we;' tu f.dakh
) 50 kgla yd,a oeñh yels f.dakh s
iïmQ¾Kfhka msrùug ;j fldmuK yd,a wjYH o @
² fuys § lsf,da.?
a ï-.a?ï tall mßj¾;kh ms<n
s | j isik
q f
a .a wjOdkh fhduq
lrkak'

79
 ² ÿIalr;d olajk isikq a i|yd m<uq j f.ktau rys; .eg¨ lsym
s hla úi£ug
wjia:dj ,nd § miq j f.ktau y÷kajd fokak'

mshjr 2 #
² isik
q g
a fofokd ne.ska tl;= ù úi£u i|yd by; wdldrfha tlsfklg fjkia
.eg¨ ;=kla iys; mejreï m;la ,nd fokak'
² isik
q a ish¨ fokd u .eg¨ úi£u wjika jQ miq ms<;
s r
= e ,nd.;a wdldrh idlÉPd
lrkak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² lKavdhï l%hs dldrlï w;r;=r ksÍlaIKh uÕska isiy
q q ksjerÈ j nr ksudkh lsÍu iy
uekSu isÿ lr;a o hkak fidhd n,kak'
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi iy mejreï m;a fhdod .kak'

80
 15 .eg¨ úi£u - 1

ksmqK;dj ( ² uQ,sl .‚; l¾u wdY%s; ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'

- ixLHd tl;= lsÍï iy wvq lsÍï we;=<;a ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² b,lalï y;r f;la jQ ixLHd tl;= lsÍu iy wvq lsÍu we;=<;a ir,
.eg¨ úi|hs'

jdxud,dj (
² tl;= lsÍu ² wvq lsÍu

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² l%shdldrlï hgf;a fhdackd lr we;s"
) .eg¨ we;=<;a m;%sld
) ixLHd m;a
) mejreï m;a

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( ixLHd tl;= lsÍfï iy wvq lsÍfï ir, .eg¨ úi£u'
mshjr 1 (
² uQ,l
s wdl,k nkaOk yd jHdl,k nkaOk we;=<;a ir, .Kkh lsÍï ukiska
isÿ lr ms<;
s r
= m%ldY lsÍug ieu isij
q l=g u wjia:dj ,efnk mßÈ m%Yk
a
wikak'
Wod ( ) 9g 7la tl;= l< úg ms<;
s r
= lSh o @
) 15ka 8la wvq l< úg ms<;
s r
= lSh o @
) b,lalï folla tl;= l< úg tl;=j 10 ,efnk wjia:djla lshkak'
² b,lalï y;r f;la ixLHd folla tl;= lsÍfï .eg¨jla isik
q g
a bÈßm;a lrkak'
th úi|k wdldrh m%ldY lsÍug isik
q g
a wjia:dj fokak'
Wod ( j;a;lska Èk foll § lvk ,o wU f.ä m%udKh ms<f s j<ska 1208la iy
956ls' Èk foflys § u lvk ,o uq¿ wU f.ä m%udKh fldmuK o @
² isik
q a o iyNd.s lr .ksñka my; whqßka ,shd ms<;
s r
= ,nd .; yels nj fmkajd
fokak'
Wod ( 1208
+ 956
2164

² wvq lsÍfï .eg¨jla o bÈßm;a lr úi|kak'

² wjYH kï ãkaia lÜg,h fyda .Kl rduqj fyda fhdod .kak'
81
mshjr 2 (
² mka;f
s ha isik
q a iqÿiq f,i lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug by; wdldrfha tl;= lsÍfï fyda wvq lsÍfï fyda .eg¨jla
iys; m;%l
s djla ne.ska ,nd fokak'
² lKavdhfï ish¨ fokd u tl;= ù .eg¨j lshjd th tl;= lsÍula o wvq lsÍula
o hkak idlÉPd lr y÷kd .; hq;= nj lshkak' bka miq Tjqkf a .a wNHdi
fmd;aj, ,shd ms<;
s r
= ,nd .ekSug fhduq lrkak'
² lKavdhï w;r m;%l
s d yqjudre lr .ksñka wvq u jYfhka tl;= lsÍfï iy wvq
lsÍfï .eg¨ fol ne.ska úi£ug wjia:dj fokak'
² lKavdhï l%hs dldrlu w;r;=r isik
q a ksjerÈ j .eg¨ lshjd wjfndaO lrf.k
we;s o hkak fidhd n,kak'

l%h
s dldrlu 2 ( tl;= lsÍï yd wvq lsÍï we;=<;a .eg¨ úi£u'
mshjr 1 (
² tl;= lsÍu iy wvq lsÍu hk wjia:d fol u we;=<;a ir, .eg¨ lsym
s hla
ukiska úi|d ms<;
s r
= e ,nd §ug isik
q g
a wjia:dj fokak'
Wod ( ) 8g 3la tl;= lr thska 4la wvq lrkak'
) 10ka 7la wvq lr thg 5la tl;= lrkak'
² my; wdldrfha .eg¨jla bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( nia r:hl uÕSyq 68 fofkla isáhy' m<uq nia kej;=fuys § thska 19
fofkl= nei .sh miq ;j;a uÕSyq 12 fofkl= nia r:hg kexf.da h' oeka
nia r:fha isák uq¿ uÕSka .Kk fldmuK o @
² isik
q a iuÕ idlÉPd lrñka mshjfrka mshjr úi|k wdldrh wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
Wod (
68 19 fokl= nei .sh neúka m<uq j 68ka 19la wvq
- 19 lrkak' túg 68 - 19 = 49
49 oeka 12 fofkl= kex. neúka 49g 12la tl;=
+ 12 lrkak' 49 + 12 = 61
61 túg" oeka nia r:fha isák uÕSka .Kk = 61

² fï wdldrhg ixLHd tl;= lsÍu iy wvq lsÍu hk wjia:d fol u we;=<;a ir,
.eg¨ lsym s hla úi|k wdldrh wdo¾Ykh lrkak' fuys § m<uq j .eg¨j
bÈßm;a lr isik q a ,jd lshjd Tjqka th wjfndaO lr .;a;d o hkak ;yjqre lr
.; hq;= h'

mshjr 2 (
² isiq lKavdhïj,g by; wdldrfha ir, .eg¨ we;=<;a mejreï m;la ,nd
fokak'
² tla tla lKavdhïj,g f.dia isikq a ksjerÈ j .eg¨ lshjd wjfndaO lr .;a;d
o hkak m%Yk
a weiSu uÕska ;yjqre lr .kak'
82
 ² .eg¨ lshjd wjfndaO lr .ekSfï ÿIalr;d olajk isiyq q isá;a kï .eg¨j
wjfndaO lr .ekSu i|yd uÕ fmkajkak' tfuka u m<uq j ;ks b,lalï
iy b,lalï fofla ixLHd we;=<;a ir, .eg¨ muKla úi£u i|yd wjia:dj
,nd fokak' ãkaia lÜg,h fyda .Kl rduqj fyda Wmfhda.s lr .ekSug fhduq
lrkak'

l%h
s dldrlu 3 ( tl;= lsÍu yd wvq lsÍu we;=<;a .eg¨ úi£u ;j ÿrg;a'
² ir, tl;= lsÍfï iy wvq lsÍfï wjia:d we;=<;a .eg¨ úi£u ms<n s | wjfndaOh
isik
q a ;=< ;jÿrg;a ;yjqre ùug iqÿiq l%h
s dldrlula ie,iqï lr .kak'
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² mejreï m;a iy fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fhdod .kak'

83
 16 yev yd >k jia;=

ksmqK;dj ( ² >k jia;= yd cHdñ;sl yev;,j, ,laIK yd iajNdjh y÷kdf.k

l%shdldrlïj, ksr; fjhs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² >klh" >kldNh" p;=ia;,h yd is,skavrh hk >k jia;=j,

,laIK m%ldY lrhs'
² oaúudk yev;,j,ska >klh" >kldNh" is,skavrh iy p;=ia;,h
idohs'
² ;sria yd isria ;, y÷kdf.k olajhs'
jdxud,dj (
² >klh ² >kldNh ² p;=ia;,h ² uqyqK;
² is,skavrh ² >kjia;= ² wdk;j
² ;sria;,h ² isria;,h ² isria$;sria

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² >kl" >kldN" p;=ia;, iy is,skavr yeve;s jia;=
² by; yevj, wdlD;s f.dvke.sh yels m;frdï ^l%shdldrlu hgf;a
olajd we;&
² >k lvodis" .ï$fif,dafÜma
² mekai,a" l;=re" fldaÿ
² tla tla l%shdldrlï hgf;a y÷kajd § we;s WmlrK

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( >klh iy >kldNh hk jia;=j, ,laIK y÷kd .ekSu
mshjr 1 (
² >k jia;= ms<n
s | j oekgu;a isik
q a okakd lreKq bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'
² isiqka okakd lreKq bÈßm;a l< miq jrlg tla jia;=j ne.ska f.k tajdfha
,laIK y÷kajd fokak'
Wod ( >klhl kï iu;, me;s tkï" uqyK q ;a 6la we;' uqyK
q ;a iudkhs' tajd
iup;=ri%dldrhs
² fï wkqj >klh iy >kldNh hk foflys u ,laIK y÷kajd fokak'
² >klh$>kldNh weiqfrka odr y÷kajd fokak' fuys § uqyKq ;a folla wdk;
j yuqjk ^tl;= jk& udhsu odrhla jk nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² tys we;s YS¾I .Kk o y÷kajd fokak'
² isik
q g
a >klh$>kldNh w;ska iam¾Y lr" ksÍlaIKh lr YS¾I yd odr y÷kd
.ekSug wjia:dj fokak'

84
 ² >klhla iy >kldNhla fmkajd fmfkk iudk;d iy wiudk;d úia;r
lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'
² yev foflys uqyqK;a .Kk iudk nj o YS¾I .Kk iudk nj o" odr .Kk
iudk nj o y÷kd .ekSug fhduq lrkak'
² >klhl uqyqK;a ish,a, u iudk jk nj y÷kd .ekSug i,iajkak'
² >kldNhl m%;súreoaO uqyqK;a iudk jk nj ;yjqre lrjkak'
² >kldNfha yd >klfha uqyqK;aj, yev y÷kd .ekSug i,iajkak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka fofokd ne.ska fyda ;=kafokd ne.ska fyda lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug >kl iy >kldN yevfha jia;= lsym s hla ne.ska ,nd fokak'
² tla tla isiqjdg udrefjka udrejg w;a msgqmig yrjd isák fuka lshkak'
túg fjk;a flfkl= Tyqf.a$wehf.a w;aj, tla >kjia;=jla ;eîug lshkak'
² ta foi fkdn,d >kjia;=j w;.d yevh úia;r lr tu jia;=fõ ,laIK
lsysmhla o i|yka lr tys ksjerÈ .‚;uh kduh mejiSug fhduq lrkak'

mshjr 3 (
² my; wdldrfha mejreula isiqkag ,nd fokak'
Wod ( odÿ leghla" .fvd¿ leghla jeks >kjia;= fhdod f.k my; j.=j
mqrjkak'
odr uqyqK;a YS¾I
>k jia;=j
.Kk .Kk .Kk
>klh
^odÿ legh&
>kldNh
^.fvd¿ legh&

l%shdldrlu 2 ( oaúudk ;,j,ska >klh yd >kldNh wdlD;s ie§u

mshjr 1 (
² ufkdauh .‚;h i|yd >klfha yd >kldNfha ,laIK weiqßka m%Yak
lsysmhla isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( ) >klhl uqyqK;a lShla ;sfí o @
) >kldNfha odr lShla ;sfí o @
² fldaÿfõ m<,g iudk jk fia my; wdldrhl lvodishl iudka;r f¾Ld
w¢kak' th isiqkag m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

85
² B<Õg lvodisfha we¢ iudka;r f¾Ld fma<s ;Sre f,i fmfkk mßÈ th
wfkla w;g yrjd iup;=ri% rgdjla ,efnk whqre lvodish yryd fldaÿfõ
m<,g iudk iudka;r f¾Ld w¢kak' th o isiqkag m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

² l;=r f.k iup;=ri% 6l fma<shla lmkak'

² >klhl uqyqK;a 6la we;s nj u;la lrkak' fï tla tla uqyqK; iup;=ri%hls'
² lvodis ;Srej o fmkajd tys iup;=ri% 6la we;s nj fmkajkak'
² >klhla iefok whqre lvodis ;Srej keóug W;aidy lrk fuka bÈßm;a
jkakl=g lshkak'

² thska >klhla ie§ug fkdyels jkq we;' oeka fï wdldr yevhla lmd .kak'

² fuuÕska >klhla idod.; yels nj wdo¾Ykh lrkak'

² fuu oaúudk yevh zm;frduZ hkqfjka y÷kajd fokak'
² isiqkag o m;frdula ,nd § >klhla ,efnk fia keóug wjia:dj fokak'
² my; wdldrfha m;frdula uÕska >kldNhla ks¾udKh lrk wdldrh o
wdo¾Ykh lrkak'

² isiqkag o m;frdula ,nd § >kldNhla ,efnk fia keóug wjia:dj fokak'

86
mshjr 2 (
² ish¨ u isiqkag fldgq rys; lvodis" mekai,a yd fldaÿ imhkak'
² lvodish u; f¾Ld we£ug;a" wk;=re j ta u; iup;=ri% we£ug;a uÕ fmkajkak'
² >klhla iefok whqre keñh yels iup;=ri% 6lska hq;a úúO yev ^m;frdu&
yels muK lmd >klhla ilia lr.; yels oehs w;ayod n,k fuka Tjqkag
lshkak'
² we;eï isiqkag fuh ÿIalr fõ kï l¿,E,af,a WÑ; yev lsysmhla we|
fhdackd bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod (

² >klhla iefok m;frdï muKla fjka lr olajk fuka mjikak'

² >kldNhla ieÈh yels m;frdï o ks¾udKh lsÍug lshkak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys § we;s m;frdï weiqfrka >klhla yd >kldNhla
ks¾udKh lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'

l%shdldrlu 3 ( is,skavrh yd p;=ia;,fhys ,laIK y÷kd .ekSu'

mshjr 1 (
² isiqkaf.a fmr oekqu u;la lsÍu i|yd is,skavr yd p;=ia;, yevfha >kjia;=
folla fmkajd tajd kï lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'
² tu tla tla >k jia;=fjys ,laIK y÷kd .ekSug fhduq lrkak'
Wod ( is,skavrh ( ) mDIaGh uqyK
q ;a follska iy jl% fldgilska hql;
a jk
w;r jl% odr folla we;s nj ^is,ks v
a rhla fmkajñka
meyeÈ,s lrkak'&
) uqyqK;aj, yevh jD;a;hla jk nj
p;=ia;,h ( ) ;%sfldaK yevfha uqyqK;a y;rla we;s nj
) odr 6la iy YS¾I 4la we;s nj ^p;=ia;,hla fmkajñka
meyeÈ,s lrkak'&

87
 ² >k jia;= fol ikaikaokh uÕska odrj, fjki y÷kajd fokak' is,skavrfha
odr jl% odr f,i o p;=ia;,fha odr ir, f¾Ld f,i we;s neúka ir, odr
f,i y÷kajk nj o meyeÈ,s lrkak' >klfha iy >kldNfha ;snQ odr o
ir, odr jk nj lshkak'
² tfuka u is,skavrfha YS¾I fkdue;s nj o p;=ia;,fha YS¾I 4la we;s nj o
y÷kd .ekSug i,iajkak'
² isiqka w;g tu >k jia;= ,nd § Tjqka ksÍlaIKh lrk w;r;=r ,laIK
y÷kd .ekSu ;j ÿrg;a ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd m%Yak wikak'
Wod ( ) is,skavrfha$p;=ia;,fha uqyqK;a lSh o @
) YS¾I 4la we;s >kjia;=fõ ku lshkak'

mshjr 2 (
² l%shdldrlu 1ys mshjr 2ys i|yka wdldrfha l%shdldrlula i|yd isiqka fhduq
lrkak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdij, ksr; ùug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

l%shdldrlu 4 ( p;=ia;,h yd is,skavrh ks¾udKh lsÍu

mshjr 1 (
² ufkdauh .‚;h i|yd p;=ia;,h iy is,skavrh weiqßka m%Yak lsysmhla
isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( ) p;=ia;,fhys uqyqK;a lSh o @
) tu uqyqK;aj, yevh l=ula o @
² iumdo ;%sfldaK yevhla ^m;frdula& weiqßka my; Wmfoia wkq.ukh lrñka
p;=ia;,h ks¾udKh lsÍu wdo¾Ykh lrkak'

² ;rul >k lvodishlska ilik ,o iumdo ;%sfldaKh ne.ska isiqkag ,nd

fokak'
² ;%sfldaKfha mdo ;=fka ueo ,laIh ,l=Kq lr tajd hd lsÍug i,iajkak'
² oeka iudk ;%sfldaK 4la ks¾udKh ù we;s nj fmkajd fokak'
² oeka ueo iumdo ;%f
s ldaKfha we¢ bß Èf.a keóu u.ska p;=i;
a ,h ks¾udKh jk
wdldrh fmkajd fokak'
² oaúudk yev weiqfrka is,skavrh o ks¾udKh l< yels wdldrh fmkajd
fokak'
Wod ( ) m<uqfjka u ;rul >k lvodishlska RcqfldaKdi%dldr yevhla lmd
.kak'
88
 ) tu yevh jl%dldr j keuQ úg is,skavrfha jl% mDIaG fldgi ,efnk
nj fmkajkak'
) bka miq tla fl<jrla fld<hla u; ;nd jD;a;dldr iu;, uqyK
q ;a
fol we| lmd .kak' ^jl% fldgig we,ùug yels jk whqßka ;rula
bv ;nd lmd .kak'&
² isiqka o iyNd.s lr .ksñka is,skavrdldr yevh ks¾udKh lr fmkajkak'
² ta i|yd fhdod.;a yev ,E,af,a we| ta ms<sn| j kej; u;la lrkak'
Wod ( RcqfldaKdi% yevhla iy jD;a; yev folla fhdod .;a nj

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka l=vd lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug p;=ia;,h yd is,skavrh ks¾udKh lsÍu i|yd >k
lvodisj,ska lmk ,o oaúudk yev;, ,nd fokak'
² oaúudk yev;, Ndú;fhka p;=ia;,h yd is,skavrh ks¾udKh lsÍug fhduq
lrkak' ^tla tla lKavdhï i|yd úúO m%udKfha yev;, ,nd fokak'&
² tla tla lKavdhu ks¾udKh l< >k jia;= mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj
fokak'
² tajdfha ,laIK ms<sn| j úuikak'

mshjr 3 (
² fm<fmdf;a oelafjk m;frdï msgm;a lrf.k tla tla isiqjdg p;=ia;,hla
iy is,skavrhla ks¾udKh lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'

l%shdldrlu 5 ( ;sria;, iy isria;, y÷kd .ekSu

mshjr 1 (
² >klh" >kldNh" is,skavrh iy p;=ia;,fhys ,laIK weiqßka m%Yak
lsysmhla isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( ) iup;=ri% uqyqK;a 6la iys; jia;=j l=ula o @
) p;=ia;,hg YS¾I lSh o @
) is,skavrhl jl% odr lSh o @
) >kldNhl uqyqK;a .Kk lSh o @
² ;, y÷kajd §ug iu;, yd iu;, fkdjk jia;= lsysmhla § tajdfha uqyqK;a
w; .Efuka iy ksÍlaIKfhka iu;, nj y÷kd .ekSug fhduq lrkak'
Wod ( fmÜá" >kl" is,skavr" fnda;,a

89
² tl u m%udKfha úksúo fmfkk Ndck follg c,h iudk m%udK ne.ska
j;a lrkak' Ndck fol u tl u uÜgug ;nd c, uÜgu tl u ;,hl
msysgk wdldrh fmkajd fokak'
Wod (

² tla Ndckhla tyd fuyd yerùfuka ieu úg u c, uÜgu tl u l,hl

msysgk nj myod fokak'
Wod (

² by; c, uÜgï msysgk wdldrhg msysgk ;, ;sria ;, nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

² mka;s ldurh ;=< yd wjg WmlrK wdOdrfhka ;sria ;, y÷kd .ekSug isik
q a
fhduq lrkak'
Wod ( ;Ügq f.dvkeÕs,sj, we;s ;sria ;," .=re fïifha ,E,a, wdÈ ia:dk o
ksÍlaIKh lsÍug i,iajkak'
² fuys § f.dvkeÕs,s bÈ lsÍu jeks ld¾hhkaj, § ;sria nj y÷kd .ekSu
i|yd fhdod .kakd f,j,h fhdod .kak'

Wod (

² mka;s ldurh ;=< yd wjg WmlrK$f.dvkeÕs,s wdOdrfhka isria ;, o

y÷kd .ekSug isiqka fhduq lrkak'
² isria ;, y÷kd .ekSug fhdod .kakd z,UhZ fhdod f.k isria nj y÷kd
.kakd wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

90
 Wod (

² ;sria ;, iy isria ;, fkdjk ;, ^wdk; j we;s ;,& fmkajkak' fujeks

;, ;sria ;,hla fyda isria ;,hla fkdùug fya;= idlÉPd lrkak' yels
kï wdk; j we;s ;,h ;sria ;,hla fyda isria ;,hla ,efnk fia ;nd ;sria
yd isria ;, ms<sn| oekqu ;j ÿrg;a ;yjqre lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka lKavdhï lr mka;s ldurh iy wjg mßirh weiqfrka ;sria;," isria
;, jk jiA;= fyda isria ;, yd ;sria ;, fkdjk jia;= fyda fidhd my;
wdldrfha j.=jl igyka lsÍug fhduq lrkak'
Wod (
;sria ;, fyda
isria ;, ;sria ;, isria ;,
fkdjk ;,
ì;a;sh fïi ,E,a, jy,h
'''''''''' '''''''''' ''''''''''
'''''''''' '''''''''' ''''''''''

² tla tla lKavdhï y÷kd .;a foa uq¿ mka;shg u bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj
fokak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² ;lafiare lsÍu i|yd lKavdhï l%shdldrlï w;r;=r ksÍlaIKh iy m%Yak weiSu
fuka u fm<fmdf;ys wNHdi o mejreï m;a o fhdod .kak'

91
 17 o;a; yeisrùu - 1
ksmqK;dj ( ² úúO ld, igyka" j.= yd m%ia;dr lshjhs'
- o;a; ;Sr m%ia;dr uÕska ksrEmKh lrhs¦ ksrEms; f;dr;=re lshjhs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² o;a; /ia lr ;Sr m%ia;dr uÕska ksrEmKh lrhs'

² ;Sr m%i;
a dr uÕska ksrEms; f;dr;=re úia;r lrhs'
² o;a; jeä ixLHdjla ;Sr m%i;
a dr uÕska ksrEmKh lrhs' ksrEms; f;dr;=re
lshjhs'

jdxud,dj (
² ;Sr m%ia;dr ² j.= ² f;dr;=re ^o;a;&
² ksrEmKh lsÍu ² ;sria wlaIh ² isria wlaIh

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² j.= iy m%ia;dr we£u i|yd lvodis
² odÿ leg ^lKavdhï l%shdldrlï i|yd&
) odÿ legfha me;s yfhys A,B,C,D,E iy F hk wl=re ,shd fyda
w,jd fyda ilia lr .kak'

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( o;a; /ia lsÍu iy ;Sr m%ia;dr uÕska ksrEmKh lsÍu'
mshjr 1 (
² mka;sfha isiqkaf.a mjqf,a isák idudðlhka ms<sn| j l;dny lrkak'
² ifydaor-ifydaoßhka isák iy fkdue;s wh ms<sn| j úuiñka my; wdldrhg
tu f;dr;=re j.=jl igyka lrkak'
mjqf,a f;dr;=re jdr isiq
^ifydaor-ifydaoßhka& .Kk ixLHdj
ifydaorhka muKla $$$$$ $$$ 8
isák
ifydaoßhka muKla $$$$$ $$$$ 9
isák
ifydaorhka iy $$$$$ $$$ 8
ifydaoßhka isák
ifydaor-ifydaoßhka $$$$$ 5
fkdue;s

^mka;sfha isiqyq 20g wvq ixLHdjla isá;a kï isiqkaf.ka f;dr;=re /ia lr

.ekSug yels fjk;a wdldrhl j.=jla fhdod .kak'&
92
 ² tu o;a; ;Sr m%ia;drhl ksrEmKh lsÍug hk nj mjid isiqka iuÕ
idlÉPd lrñka úYd, m%udKfha lvodishl fyda ,E,af,a fyda ;Sr m%ia;drh
f.dvkÕkak'
² fuys § ;sria iy isria wlaI u.ska bÈßm;a lrkafka fudkjd oehs isik
q f
a .ka
wikak'

9-
8-
7-
6-
5-
YsIH ixLHdj

4-
3-
2-
1-

mjqf,a f;dr;=re
ifydaorhka
muKla isák

ifydaoßhka
muKla isák

ifydaorhka yd
ifydaoßhka
isák

ifydaor-
ifydaoßhka
fkdue;s
² m%ia;drh weiqfrka wik ir, m%Yak lsysmhlg ms<s;=re §ug isiqka fhduq
lrkak'
Wod ( 1' ifydaorhka muKla isák isiqka ixLHdj fldmuK o @
2' ifydaor-ifydaoßhka fkdue;s isiqka ixLHdj fldmuK o @
3' ifydaorhka iy ifydaoßhka isák isiqka ixLHdj lSh o @
4' f;dr;=re ,nd .;a uq¿ isiqka ixLHdj fldmuK o @

mshjr 2 (
² mka;sfha isiqka iqÿiq whqßka lKavdhï lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug me;s yh A,B,C,D,E iy F f,i i|yka odÿ leghla iy
j.=jla yd m%ia;drhla we£u i|yd lvodis o ,nd fokak'
² m<uq j my; wdldrfha j.=jla lvodisfha we| .ekSug lshkak'
wl=r jdr .Kk ixLHdj
A
B
C
D
E
F

93
 ² lKavdhfï tla tla isiqjdg udrefjka udrejg odÿ legh Wv oud ,enqKq
wl=rg wkqrEm j jdr .Kk igyka lr .ekSug lshkak'
² fï wdldrhg jdr 30la muK odÿ legh fy<Sug iy jdr .Kk igyka lr
.ekSug isiq lKavdhï fhduq lrkak'
² tla tla wl=rg wod< bß lE,s .Kka lr tu tl;=j ixLHdj ;Srfha ,sùug
lshkak'
² j.=j ilia l< miq lKavdhfï ish¨ fokd u tl;= ù j.=fõ i|yka f;dr;=re
;Sr m%ia;drhl ksrEmKh lsÍug Wmfoia fokak'
² m%ia;drfhka ksrEmKh jk f;dr;=re ms<sn| j yels ;dla jdlH ,sùug o
fhduq lrkak'
² lKavdhï jev mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'

mshjr 3 (
² lKavdhï úiska f.dvkÕk ,o m%ia;drj,ska wyUq f,i f;dard .;a m%ia;drhl
ksrEms; f;dr;=re lshùug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

l%shdldrlu 2 ( iqÿiq mßudKhlg wkqj o;a; ;Sr m%ia;drhl ksrEmKh lsÍu'

mshjr 1 (
² mka;sfha isiqkaf.ka Tjqka leu;s iqr;,a i;=ka ms<sn| j úuikak'
² isiqka lKavdhula jvd;a leu;s iqr;,a i;=ka ms<sn| j /ia l< f;dr;=re
we;=<;a j.=jla ;ud <Õ we;s nj mjid my; wdldrfha j.=jla bÈßm;a
lrkak'
iqr;,a i;d YsIH ixLHdj
n,a,d 18
n<,d 17
f,akd 15
.srjd 12
uhskd 14

² úYd, lvodishl fyda l¿,E,af,a fyda by; o;a; ksrEmKh lsÍu i|yd
m%ia;drfha wlaI fol we| kï lrkak'
² ;sria wlaIfha ;Sr kï lr" tu ;Sr ,l=Kq lsÍu i|yd jeä fldgq m%udKhla
wjYH jk nj y÷kd .ekSug i,iajkak'
Wod ( m<uq ;Srfha isiqka 18la i|yd fldgq 18la wjYH fõ'
² tneúka fuu m%ia;drfha tl fldgqjlska isiqka fofokl= ksrEmKh jk fia
m%ia;drh we¢h yels nj meyeÈ,s lr fokak' isiqka o iyNd.s lr .ksñka
tu o;a; ;Sr m%ia;drfha ksrEmKh lrkak'

94
 isiqka leu;s iqr;,a i;a;=
18 -
16 -
14 -

YsIH ixLHdj
12 -
10 -
8-
6-
4-
2-

iqr;,a i;d
n,a,d

n<,d

f,akd

.srjd

uhskd
² m%ia;drfha o;a; ksrEmKh lsÍfï § tla fldgqjlska isiqka fofokl= oelafjk
nj wjOdrKh lrkak'
² 17 iy 15 hk ixLHd m%ia;drfha ksrEmKh lrk whqre meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² m%ia;drfha o;a; ksrEmKh l< wdldrh ;j ÿrg;a ;yjqre ùu i|yd ieu
isiqjl=g u ms<s;=re §ug wjia:dj ,efnk mßÈ ksrEms; f;dr;=rej,g wod<
m%Yak wikak'
Wod ( ) isiqka jeä fokl= leu;s iqr;,a i;d ljfrla o @ tu isiqka .Kk
lSh o @
) f,akdg isiqyq lS fofkla leu;s o @
) .srjdg jvd uhskdg isiqyq lS fofkla leu;s o @

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka iqÿiq whqßka lKavdhï lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug m%ia;drhla we£u i|yd iqÿiq lvodish ne.ska ,nd fokak'
² o;a; jeä ixLHdjla iys; j.=jla ,nd § tu f;dr;=re isria wlaIfha tla fldgqjlska
ksrEmKh jk m%udKh 2la f,i f.k m%i; a drhl we| oelaùug lshkak'
² tu f;dr;=re úia;r jk j.ka;s lsysmhla o ,sùug fhduq lrkak'

mshjr 3 (
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi i|yd fhduq lrkak'

95
l%shdldrlu 3 (
mshjr 1 (
² o;a; jeä ixLHdjla iys; my; wdldrfha j.=jla isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( mqj;am;a fj<| i,l Èk 5la ;=< úl=Kk ,o <ud mqj;am;a ixLHdj
oji úl=KQ <ud
mqj;am;a .Kk
i÷od 30
wÕyrejdod 40
nodod 50
n%yiam;skaod 40
isl=rdod 45

² fmr Èkfha § o;a; jeä m%udKhla ksrEmKh i|yd tla fldgqjlska 2la
ksrEmKh l< nj u;la lrkak'
² fuys thg;a jvd jeä o;a; m%udKhla we;s neúka tla fldgqjlska 5la
ksrEmKh jk f,i m%ia;drh we¢h yels nj fmkajd fokak'
² ,E,af,a fyda úYd, lvodishl fyda w¢k ,o m%ia;drhl tu o;a; ksrEmKh
lrk wdldrh wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
Èk 5la ;=< úl=Kk ,o <ud mqj;am;a

55 -
50 -
úl=KQ <ud mqj;am;a .Kk

45 -
40 -
35 -
30 -
25 -
20 -
15 -
10 -
5-
0- oji
i÷od

wÕyrejdod

nodod

n%yiam;skaod

isl=rdod

² m%ia;drfha ksrEms; f;dr;=re lshùug isiqka fhduq lsÍu i|yd m%Yak wikak'
Wod ( ) i÷od ojfia úl=Kk ,o <ud mqj;am;a .Kk lSh o @
) iudk m%udK mqj;am;a úlsŒ we;af;a ljr ojiaj, o @

96
mshjr 2 (
² mka;sfha isiqka iqÿiq f,i lKavdhïj,g fnokak'
² isiqka lKavdhïj,g my; wdldrfha o;a; iys; j.=jla ,nd § tu o;a; ;Sr
m%ia;drhl ksrEmKh lsÍug fhduq lrkak'
Wod ( tla Èkl § t<jq¿ fjf<| ie,l úl=Kk ,o t<jq¿ m%udK

t<jq¿ j¾.h m%udKh (kg)

f.dajd 50
jÜglald 65
lerÜ 55
,Slaia 60
ngq 45

² fldgq iys; ;rula úYd, lvodishl m%ia;drhla we| ^tla fldgqjlska 5kg
ksrEmKh jk fia& o;a; ksrEmKhg wjia:dj fokak'
² m%ia;drfha o;a; ksrEmKhg fmr iqÿiq mßudKh f;dard .ekSu ms<sn| j isiq
wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
² m%ia;drfha ksrEms; f;dr;=re úia;r jk j.ka;s lsysmhla o ,sùug wjia:dj
fokak'

l%shdldrlu 4 iy 5 (
² o;a; /ia lsÍu" j.=.; lsÍu" ;Sr m%ia;dr uÕska ksrEmKh lsÍug iy ;Sr
m%ia;drj, ksrEms; f;dr;=re úia;r lsÍug wod< ksmqK;d isiqka ;=< ;j
ÿrg;a ;yjqre ùug iqÿiq l%shdldrlï ie,iqï lr .kak'
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi iïmQ¾K lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² fm<fmdf;ys wNHdi fhdod .kak'
² ;Sr m%ia;drhl o;a; ksrEmKh lsÍu iy ksrEms; o;a; úia;r lsÍu i|yd iqÿiq
mejreula ,nd fokak'

97
 18 oYu

ksmqK;dj ( ² oYu ixLHd y÷kd f.k Ndú; lrhs'

- oyfhka mx.=" oYu ixLHd f,i y÷kd f.k Ndú; lrhs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² oyfhka mx.= oYu ixLHd f,i olajhs'

² tla oYuia:dkhla iys; oYu ixLHd oyfhka mx.= f,i olajhs'

jdxud,dj (
² oyfhka mx.= ² oYu ² oYu ;s;
² ìkaÿjhs oYu tl$fol$ ' ' '

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² lvodis má
² A3 m%udKfha ^;rula úYd,& lvodis
² 0'1 isg 0'9 f;la oYu ixLHd iys; ixLHd m;a lÜg,

²
1 9
isg f;la oyfhka mx.= iys; ixLHd m;a lÜg,
10 10

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( oyfhka mx.= f,i oYu ixLHd y÷kajd §u'
mshjr 1 (
² iudk fldgia 10lg fnok ,o ;rul úYd, m%udKfha lvodis ;Srejla isiqka
ish¨ fokdg u fmfkk ia:dkhl r|jkak'
² th iudk fldgia lShlg fnod we;s o hkak .Kka lr n,k f,i isiqkag
lshkak' bÈßm;a jk isiqjl= bÈßhg le|jd .Kka lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'
² thska tla fldgila mdg lr mdg l< fldgi uq¿ fldgia .Kkska fldmuK
o hkak úuikak'

1
² isiqka ms<s;=re ÿka miq th la f,i ,shd fmkajkak'
10
² th ^0'1& —ìkaÿjhs oYu tl˜ f,i lshjk nj meyeÈ,s lr isiqka ,jd lshjkak'
² my; whqßka ,shd fmkajkak'

1
0'1
10

98
 ² my; wdldrfha m%Yak bÈßm;a lrñka isiqka ,jd ms<s;=re §ug fhduq lrñka
th ;j ÿrg;a ;yjqre lrkak'
Wod ( ) máh fnod we;s fldgia .Kk lSh o @
) mdg l< fldgia .Kk lSh o @
) mdg l< fldgi oyfhka mx.= lSh o @
) th oYu ixLHdjla f,i lshjkak'
² fï wdldrhg 0'2 isg 0'9 f;la ;j;a oYu ixLHd lsysmhla y÷kajd fokak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka miafokd fyda ifokd fyda muK ne.ska lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug iudk fldgia oyhlg fnok ,o 15cm/20cml È. iy
5cmla muK m<, lvodis ;Sre 9la o tu lvodis ;Sre kjh we,ùug iy
oYu ixLHd ,sùug ;rï m%udKj;a ^A3 muK m%udKfha& lvodishla o ne.ska
,nd fokak'
² lKavdhfï ish¨ fokdg u tl;= ù 0'1 isg 0'9 f;la oYu ixLHd ksrEmKh
jk f,i lvodis máj, wod< fldgq .Kk mdg lsÍug lshkak'
² m<uqfjka u fldgq tlla mdg lrk ,o lvodis máh A3 lvodisfha w,jd th
bÈßfhka oYu ixLHdj ,sùug fhduq lrkak' B<Õ lvodis máfha fldgq 2la
mdg lr oYu ixLHdj ,sùug fhduq lrkak'
Wod (
ìkaÿjhs oYu tl } 0'1

ìkaÿjhs oYu fol } 0'2

² fï wdldrhg lKavdhug ,enqKq ish¨ u lvodis má Wmfhda.s lrf.k

0'9 f;la oYu ixLHd ksrEmKh lr f,dl= lvodisfha we,ùug iy ,sùug
i,iajkak'
² lKavdhï l%shdldrlu wjidkfha tla tla lKavdhu ,shQ oYu ixLHd uq¿
mka;shg u m%o¾Ykh lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'

mshjr 3 (
² fm<fmdf;a wod< wNHdi iïmQ¾K lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

l%shdldrlu 2 (
mshjr 1 (
² fmr l%shdldrlfï § bf.k .kakd ,o oYu ixLHd kej; u;la lsÍu i|yd
my; wdldrfha m%Yak lsysmhlg ms<s;=re §ug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'
Wod ( iudk j fldgia oyhlg fnok ,o rEmhlska$lvodis máhlska fldgia
folla mdg lr we;' tu fldgia .Kk oYu ixLHdjla f,i lshkak'
² iudk fldgia 10lg fnok ,o rEmhla l¿ ,E,af,a we| fyda lvodishl we|
fyda isiqkag oel .ekSug i,iajkak'

99
² th iudk fldgia 10lg fnod we;s nj y÷kd .ekSug fhduq lrkak'
Wod (

² tu rEmfhka fldgia lsysmhla w÷re lrkak'

Wod (

² w÷re lr we;s fldgi oyfhka mx.= tkï uq¿ fldgia .Kkska fldmuK
m%udKhla o hkak úuikak'
3
Wod (
10
² th oYu lSh o hkak úuikak' ,shd fmkajkak'
3
Wod ( } 0'3
10
² oeka iudk fldgia oyhlg fnok ,o fjkia wdldrhl rEmhla bÈßm;a lr
tys o hï fldgia .Kkla w÷re lrkak' fuys ieu fldgila u tlsfklg
iudk nj wjOdrKh lrkak'
Wod (

² w÷re lr we;s fldgi oYu ixLHdjla f,i m%ldY lsÍug isiqkag lshkak'
Wod ( 0'4
² th oyfhka mx.= lShla o hkak úuikak' my; whqßka ,shd olajkak'

4
Wod ( 0'4 }
10
² oyfhka mx.= .Kkla m%ldY l< úg oYu ixLHdj m%ldY lsÍug o oYu
ixLHdj m%ldY l< úg oyfhka mx.= f,i m%ldY lsÍug o isiqkag wjia:dj
fokak'

100
mshjr 2 (
² isiqka ifokd muK ne.ska jk fia lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² tu lKavdhula l=vd lKavdhï follg ^;sfokd ne.ska jk fia& fjka lrkak'

1
² tla lKavdhulg 0'1 isg 0'9 f;la ixLHd m;a o wfkla l=vd lKavdhug
10
9
isg f;la ixLHd m;a o fnod fokak'
10
² m<uq j oYu ixLHd m;a iys; l=vd lKavdhfï isiqjl=g wyUq f,i ixLHd
m;la f.k tys we;s oYu ixLHdj ish¨ fokdg u wefik f,i lshùug
lshkak' thg .e<efmk Nd. ixLHdj wfkla lKavdhfï isiqjl=g ixLHd
m;a w;ßka f;dard lshùug lshkak'
² oeka tu ixLHd m;a fol fïih u; ;eîug i,iajkak'
Wod ( 5
0.5
10
² by; wdldrhg lKavdhïj, ish¨ u isiqkag wjia:dj ,efnk mßÈ ;u
lKavdhfï we;s oYu ixLHd iy Nd. ixLHd f;dardf.k .e,mSug fhduq
lrkak'
² tu ixLHd ms<sfj<g ;eîug i,iajd ish¨ fokdg u lshùug wjia:dj fokak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍu i|yd isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² isiqka wod< bf.kqï m, w;a lr .;a;d o hkak ;yjqre lr .ekSu i|yd mejreï
m;a iy isiq fm<fmdf;ys wNHdi fhdod .kak'

101
 19 È. yd ÿr - 2

ksmqK;dj ( ² È. uekSu wdY%s; .eg¨ úi|hs'

- ógr iy fikaáógr we;=<;a .Kkh lsÍfï ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² ógr iy fikaáógr we;=<;a tl;= lsÍfï iy wvq lsÍfï .eg¨

úi|hs'
² ógr iy fikaáógr we;=<;a ir, .=K lsÍfï .eg¨ úi|hs'
² ógr iy fikaáógr we;=<;a ir, fn§fï .eg¨ úi|hs'
^tall mßj¾;k rys;&

jdxud,dj (
² ógr ² fikaáógr

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² .eg¨ we;=<;a mejreï m;a

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( ógr iy fikaáógr we;=<;a ir, tl;= lsÍfï iy wvq lsÍfï .eg¨
úi£u'
mshjr 1 (
² ógr iy fikaáógr w;r iïnkaOh isym
s ;a lsÍu i|yd my; wdldrfha m%Yk
a
isik
q f
a .ka úuikak'
Wod ( ) ógrhlg fikaáógr lSh o @
) 300 cml ógr lSh o @
) 450 cmla ógr iy fikaáógrj,ska fldmuK o @
) ógr 5hs fikaáógr 20 fikaáógrj,ska fldmuK o @
² my; wdldrfha tl;= lsÍfï .eg¨jla isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( mka;s ldurh ieriSu i|yd 3 m 35 cmla È. r;=mdg fldä je,la o"
4 m 80 cmla È. ks,amdg fldä je,la o idok ,È' idok ,o fldä
je,a foflys uq¿ È. fldmuK o @
² .eg¨j isiqka ,jd lshjkak'
² ms<s;=re ,nd .kakd wdldrh m%ldY lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
² uq¿ È. m%udKh fiùu i|yd tu m%udK fol tl;= l< hq;= nj y÷kajd
foñka th ,nd .kakd wdldrh my; whqßka ,shd mshjfrka mshjr meyeÈ,s
lrkak'

102
 Wod (
m cm ) m<uq j fikaáógr È. m%udK fol tl;=
3 35 lrkak' (115 cm)
) 115 cmla hkq 1 mla iy 15 cmla nj meyeÈ,s
+ 4 80
lrkak'
8 15
) túg ms<s;=frys "cm" ;Srfha 15 ,súh hq;= nj
lshkak'
) b;=re 1 m, "m" ;Srhg tl;= jk nj meyeÈ,s
lrkak' (8 m)
) túg ms<; = 8 m 15 cm jk nj wjOdrKh lrkak'
s r
² ógr iy fikaáógr we;=<;a wvq lsÍfï .eg¨jla o bÈßm;a lr th o by;
wdldrhg úi|k whqre mshjfrka mshjr meyeÈ,s lrkak'
Wod ( ksjil fodrj,g iy cfk,aj,g ;sr oeóu i|yd ;sr frÈ 12 mla wjYH
fõ' oekg ;sr frÈ 5 m 50 cmla we;' ;j fldmuK ;sr frÈ m%udKhla
wjYH o @
m cm
12 00
- 5 50
6 50

² ;j ÿrg;a ;yjqre lsÍu wjYH kï by; wdldrfha tl;= lsÍfï iy wvq

lsÍfï .eg¨ lsysmhla isiqka o iyNd.s lr .ksñka úi|kak'
² tall mßj¾;k iys; tl;= lsÍï iy wvq lsÍï isÿ lsÍfï § ÿIalr;d olajk
isiqyq isá;a kï mßj¾;k rys; ^tkï f.khdu iy f.k tau rys;& .eg¨
úi£ug m<uq j wjia:dj fokak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka fofokd ne.ska lKavdhï lrkak'
² ógr iy fikaáógr we;=<;a tl;= lsÍfï iy wvq lsÍfï ir, .eg¨ iys;
mejreï m;la isiq lKavdhïj,g fnod fokak'
² m<uq j .eg¨j lshjd fofokd idlÉPd lr ms<s;=r ,nd .kakd wdldrh tkï
tl;=j fiùula o wvq lsÍula o hkak y÷kd .; hq;= nj lshkak'
² bka miq by; meyeÈ,s l< wdldrhg isiqkaf.a wNHdi fmdf;a ,shd .eg¨
úi£ug lshkak'
² wjYH isiqka i|yd ;j ÿrg;a uÕ fmkaùï lrkak'
² isiqka lKavdhï jYfhka .eg¨ úi|d wjika jQ miq leue;af;ka bÈßm;a
jk isiqka mka;sh bÈßhg le|jd ms<s;=re ,nd .;a wdldrh bÈßm;a lsÍug
wjia:dj fokak'

mshjr 3 (
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

103
l%shdldrlu 2 ( ógr iy fikaáógr we;=<;a .=K lsÍfï .eg¨ úi£u' ^fuys § 2ka 3ka
4ka iy 5ka .=K lsÍï we;=<;a .eg¨ muKla fhdod .kak'&
mshjr 1 (
² ógr iy fikaáógr w;r iïnkaOh fuka u ir, .=K lsÍï o we;=<;a my;
wdldrfha m%Yak ukiska úi|d ms<s;=re ,nd §ug isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
² Wod ( ) 150 cm la ógr iy fikaáógrj,ska fldmuK o @
) 8, 2ka .=K l< úg ms<s;=r lSh o @
) mfya tajd oyhla fldmuK o @
² my; wdldrfha .eg¨jla isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( È. 2 m 50 cm la ne.ska jQ ßnka má ;=kl uq¿ È. fldmuK o @
² fuu .eg¨j úi|k wdldrh isiqka iuÕ idlÉPd lrkak'
² m<uq j my; wdldrfha tl;= lsÍula f,i ms<s;=r ,nd.; yels nj fmkajd
fokak'
Wod ( m cm
2 50
2 50
+ 2 50
7 50

² fufia tl;= lsÍula isÿ fkdlr iudk m%udK ;=kla neúka .=K lsÍula u.ska
ms<s;=r ,nd.; yels nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
Wod (
m cm ) 50 cm tajd ;=kla 150 cm ls'
2 50 ) 150 cm la hkq 1 m 50 cm la neúka zcmZ ;Srfha 50
 3 ,shkak'
7 50 ) 2 m tajd ;=kla 6 m ls'
) túg 6 mg cm ;Srfhka f.fkk ,o 1 m tl;= l< úg
7 m fõ'
) túg ms<s;=r 7 m 50 cm fõ'

² tl u m%udKh jdr lsysmhla ,shñka tl;=j fiùug jvd .=K lsÍula uÕska
ms<s;=r ,nd .ekSu myiq jk nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² by; wdldrfha ;j;a WodyrKhla fhdod .kak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka fofokd ne.ska lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² 2" 3" 4 iy 5 hk b,lalïj,ska .=K lsÍï iys; by; wdldrfha .eg¨ we;=<;a
mejreï m;la isiq lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'

104
 ² fofokd idlÉPd lrñka tu .eg¨ úi£ug wjia:dj fokak' wjYH isiqka
i|yd ;j ÿrg;a uÕ fmkaùï lrkak'
² wjidkfha ish¨ fokd u iyNd.s lr .ksñka ,E,af,a ,shñka .eg¨ úi|kak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

l%shdldrlu 4 ( ógr fikaáógr we;=<;a fn§fï .eg¨ úi£u ^tall mßj¾;k rys;&
mshjr 1 (
² 2" 3" 4 iy 5 .=Kk j.= iy fn§u isysm;a lsÍu i|yd ukiska úi¢h yels
ir, .eg¨ lsysmhla isiqkag bÈßm;a lr ms<s;=re ,nd §ug wjia:dj fokak'
Wod ( ) 25ys mfya tajd lSh o @
) 15" 5ka fn¥ úg ms<s;=r l=ula o @
) fjr¿ f.ä 7la ;=ka fofkl= w;r iudk j fn¥ úg tla whl=g
lShla ,efí o @ b;=re lSh o @
² tÈfkod ld¾hhka yd iïnkaO jk my; wdldrfha ir, fn§fï .eg¨jla
isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( m%udKfhka iudk fïi ;=klg oeóu i|yd 6 m 750 cmla È. frÈ
m%udKhla f.fkk ,È' tla fïihlg wjYH frÈ m%udKfha È.
fldmuK o @
² m<uqfjka u fuu .eg¨j úi|k wdldrh m%ldY lsÍug yels oehs isiqkaf.ka
úuikak' bÈßm;a jk isiqyq isá;a kï Tjqkag wjia:dj fokak' tu isiqka
w.h lrñka ms<s;=r ,nd .kakd wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
Wod ( tla fïihlg wjYH frÈ m%udKh fidhd .ekSu i|yd È. 6m 75cm
iudk m%udK ;=klg fnÈh hq;= h'

2 25
3 6 m 75 cm ) 6 m, 3ka fn¥ úg 2 ls' th
6 m ;Srfha ,shkak'
0 7 ) 75 cm, 3ka fn¥ úg 25ls'
6 th cm ;Srfha ,shkak'
15 ) túg ms<s;=r 2 m 25 cm fõ'
15 )
0
tla fïihlg wjYH frÈ m%udKh } 2 m 25 cm

² fï wdldrhg ^2ka 4ka fyda 5ka fyda fn§fï& ;j;a WodyrKhlska meyeÈ,s
lrkak'

105
mshjr 2 (
² mka;sh lKavdhï lsysmhlg fjka lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug .eg¨ ,shQ m;%sld ,nd fokak'
² jßka jr m;%sld lKavdhï w;r yqjudre lrñka .eg¨ myla j;a úi£ug
fhduq lrkak'
² lKavdhïj,g hñka wjYH mßÈ Wmfoia ,nd fokak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiqkag flaj, l%shdldrlula f,i .eg¨ lsysmhla we;=<;a mejreï m;la
fyda fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fyda lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² isiy
q q lKavdhï l%h
s dldrlïj, ksr; jk w;r;=r ksÍlaIKh iy m%Yk
a weiSu uÕska
.eg¨ úi£u ksjerÈ j isÿ lr;a o hkak ;yjqre lr .kak'
² mejreï m;a fyda fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fyda fhdod .kak'

106
 20 uqo,a - 2

ksmqK;dj ( ² uqo,a Ndú;h yd .kqfokq wdY%s; .eg¨ úi|hs'

- ì,am;a ilia lrhs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² .=K lsÍu yd fn§u wka;¾.; j uqo,a wdY%s; ir, .Kkh lsÍï
lrhs'
² ir, .kqfokq i|yd ì,am;a ilia lrhs'

jdxud,dj (
² remsh,a ² i; ² uq¿ uqo, ² tl;=j
² jákdlu ² ñ, o¾Ykh ² ì,am;

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² ñ, o¾Yk
² mejreï m;a

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( .=K lsÍu wka;¾.; j uqo,a wdY%s; ir, .Kkh lsÍï isÿ lsÍu'
mshjr 1 (
² my; wdldrfha ñ, o¾Ykhla isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'

1kg l ñ,
øjHh
remsh,a i;
yd,a 85 00
iSks 110 50
mßmamq 240 00
f;a l=vq 560 00
uqxweg 270 00
lv, 210 75

² tla tla øjHj, ñ, .Kka isiqka ,jd lshjkak' fuys 1 kgla i|yd jk ñ,
bÈßm;a lr we;s nj isiqkag meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² ñ, o¾Ykh weiqßka my; wdldrfha .eg¨jla isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( yd,a 1 kgl ñ, remsh,a 85la kï yd,a lsf,da.a?ï 5la .ekSu i|yd
wjYH uqo, lSh o @
² ms<s;=r ,nd .kakd wdldrh m%ldY lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

107
 ² th my; whqßka ,shd meyeÈ,s lrkak'
remsh,a i;
85 00
x 5
425 00

yd,a 5 kgla .ekSu i|yd wjYH uqo, } re'425'00

² remsh,a iy i; hk fol u we;=<;a jk WodyrKhla o fhdod .kak'
Wod ( lv, 1 kg l ñ, re'210'75ls' lv, 2 kgl ñ, fldmuK o @
remsh,a i;
210 75
x 2
421 50

lv, 2 kgl ñ, } re'421'50

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka fofokd ne.ska lKavdhï lrkak'
² by; ñ, o¾Ykh fyda fjk;a ñ, o¾Ykhla fyda weiqfrka 2ka 3ka 4ka iy 5ka
.=K lsÍfï ir, .eg¨ we;=<;a mejreï m;la ne.ska lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'
² isik
q a fofokd ne.ska tl;= ù .eg¨ úi|d wjika jQ miq leue;af;ka bÈßm;a
jk isik q a lsym
s fofkl= bÈßhg le|jd Tjqka ms<;
s r
= e ,nd .;a wdldrh ,E,af,a
,sùug lshkak'

mshjr 3 (
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'

l%shdldrlu 2 ( uqo,a wdY%s; ir, fn§fï .eg¨ úi£u

mshjr 2 (
² l%shdldrlu 1ys fhdod .;a ñ, o¾Ykh fyda fjk;a ñ, o¾Ykhla fyda isiqkag
fmkajkak'
² f.úh hq;= uqo, .Kkh lsÍug wod< j my; wdldrfha fn§fï .eg¨jla isik
q g
a
bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( f;a l=vq 1 kgl ñ, remsh,a 560la kï f;a l=vq 250 gla ñ, § .ekSug f.úh
hq;= uqo, fldmuK o @
² isiqkaf.ka m%Yak wiñka .eg¨j úi|k wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

108
 Wod (
) 1 kg l 250 g tajd lSh o @
) 250 g tajd 4la lsf,da.a?ï tlls'
) túg 1 kgl ñ, remsh,a 560la kï" 250 gl ñ, 140
,nd .ekSug 560" 4ka fnÈh hq;= h' ^560 y 4& 4 560
4
16
16
00
0
f;a l=vq 250 g l ñ, } re'140'00 0

² wjYH kï ;j;a .eg¨jla úi|k wdldrh wdo¾Ykh lrkak' ^fuys §

b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHdjla 2ka 3ka 4ka iy 5ka fn§u isÿ lrk wjia:d
muKla f;dard .kak'&
Wod ( yd,a lsf,da.a?ï 3l ñ, remsh,a 309'00la kï yd,a lsf,da.a?ï tll ñ,
fidhkak'

mshjr 2 (
² by; wdldrfha uqo,a wdY%s; ir, fn§fï .eg¨ ,shQ m;%sld ilia lr.kak'
² isiqka lKavdhïj,g by; m;%sldj ne.ska ,nd § tys we;s .eg¨j idlÉPd
lr úi£ug lshkak'
² lKavdhï w;r m;%sld yqjudre lr .ksñka .eg¨ 5la muK úi£ug wjia:dj
fokak'
² tla tla lKavdhug f.dia isiqyq ksjerÈ j .eg¨ úi£u isÿ lr;a o hkak
fidhd n,kak' wjYH isiqka i|yd Wojq ,nd fokak'

l%shdldrlu 3 ( ir, .kqfokq i|yd ì,am;a ieliSu

mshjr 1 (
² ufkdauh .‚;h i|yd my; wdldrfha ir, .eg¨ lsysmhla isiqkag bÈßm;a
lr ms<s;=re ,nd §ug fhduq lrkak'
Wod ( ) remsh,a 15l fmar f.ähla ñ, § .ekSug remsh,a 20l fkdaÜgqjla ÿka
úg ,efnk b;=re uqo, lSh o @
) iSks 1 kgl ñ, remsh,a 100la kï iSks 500 gl ñ, fldmuK o @
) tla lv, melÜgqjla remsh,a 20 kï lv, melÜ 3la .ekSug lShla
f.úh hq;= o @

109
² my; wdldrfha ñ, o¾Ykhla isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'

ñ, o¾Ykh

remsh,a i;
iSks 1kg 110 50
mßmamq 1kg 240 00
w¾;dm,a 1kg 180 00
r;=Ækq 1kg 136 00
mmvï melÜgq 1 24 00
lsßmsá melÜgqjla 225 00
f;afld< 1kg 850 00

² isiqka ,jd ñ, o¾Ykh lshjkak'

² ñ, .Kk lshjk úg NdKavfha ku m%ldY lsÍug o isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'
² ì,a m;la ilia lrk nj lshd my; øjH iy m%udK l¿,E,af,a ,shkak'
Wod (
iSks 1 kg
mßmamq 500 g
r;=Ækq 250 g
² isiqka iuÕ idlÉPd lrñka by; øjH m%udKj, ñ, øjHh bÈßfhka ,shkak'
Wod (
iSks 1 kg = remsh,a 110.50
mßmamq 500 g = remsh,a 120.00
r;=Ækq 250 g = remsh,a 34.00

² 4 jk fYa%‚fha § ì,am;a ieliQ wdldrh kej; u;la lrkak' ta wkqj by;

m%udK iy jákdlï we;=<;a jk whqßka my; mßÈ ì,am; ,shkak'

tll (1kg)
ñ, § .;a jákdlu
øjHh ñ,
m%udKh remsh,a i;
remsh,a i;
iSks 1 kg 110 50 110 50
mßmamq 500 g 240 00 120 00
r;=Ækq 250 g 136 00 34 00

uq¿ uqo, 264 50

110
 ² fujeks ì,am;la uÕska"
) NdKavhl jákdlu
) ,nd .;a NdKav m%udKh
) tla tla NdKavhlska ñ, § .;a m%udKh
) ,nd.;a NdKavj, jákdlu
) f.jk ,o uq¿ uqo, wdÈh oek .ekSug yels nj fmkajd fokak'
² fuhg jvd fjkia wdldrfha ì,am;a o NdKav ñ, § .ekSfï § ,efnk nj
y÷kajd fokak' ta i|yd NdKav ñ, § .ekSfï § fj<|i,aj,ska ,enqKq
ì,am;a lsysmhla isiqkag oel .ekSug i,iajkak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka iqÿiq whqßka lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² ieu lKavdhulg u ñ, o¾Ykfhys i|yka NdKavj,ska øjH 4la muK we;=<;a
NdKav ,ehsi;
a j
= ne.ska ,nd fokak'
Wod (
lsßmsá melÜgq 1
f;afld< 200 g
iSks 2 kg
mßmamq 500 g

² ,ehsia;=fõ we;s øjH ñ, § .;a úg f.úh hq;= uqo, we;=<;a ì,am;la ilia
lrk f,i isiqkag lshkak' ta i|yd by; y÷kajd ÿka wdlD;sh Wmfhda.s lr
.ekSug isiqka fhduq lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhu ilia l< ì,am;a mka;sfha m%o¾Ykh lr tajd ms<sn| m%Yak
wiñka idlÉPd lrkak'

l%shdldrlu 4 iy 5
² uqo,a wdY%s; ir, .Kkh lsÍï iy .kqfokq i|yd ì,am;a ieliSu ms<sn|
wjfndaOh ;j ÿrg;a ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd iqÿiq l%shdldrlï fhdod .kak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² flaj, jev f,i wod< wNHdi we;=<;a mejreï m;a ,nd fokak'
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fhdod .kak'

111
 21 .=K lsÍu - 2
ksmqK;dj ( ² ixLHd .=K lsÍfï .eg¨ úi|hs'
- b,lalï ;=klg fkdjeä ixLHd 6ka iy 7ka .=K lsÍfï .eg¨
úi|hs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² 6 iy 7ys .=Kk j.= f.dv kÕhs' u;lfhka lshhs'

² b,lalï follg fkdjeä ljr fyda ixLHdjla 6ka .=K lr ms<;
s r
=
m%ldY lrhs'
² b,lalï follg fkdjeä ljr fyda ixLHdjla 7ka .=K lr ms<;
s r
=
m%ldY lrhs'
² b,lalï ;=klg fkdjeä ixLHd 6ka iy 7ka .=K lrhs'
² b,lalï ;=klg fkdjeä ixLHd 6ka iy 7ka .=K lsÍfï ir, .eg¨
úi|hs'

jdxud,dj (
² .=Kk j.=j ² jrla
² yfha tajd ² yf;a tajd

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² .Kl
² 6ys .=Kk j.=j f.dv keÕSug rEm m;%sld lÜg,hla
Wod ( ² ² ²
² ² ²
² ixLHd m;a
² È. 6 cm iy m<, 3 cm muK m%udKfha >k lvodis

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( 6ys .=Kk j.=j f.dvkeÕSu'
mshjr 1 (
² 6ys .=Kk j.= y÷kajd §ug msúiSu i|yd 6 we;=<;a my; wdldrfha m%Yak
lsysmhla isiqkag bÈßm;a lr ukiska úi|d ms<s;=re §ug fhduq lrkak'
² Wod ( ) yh jrla fol lSh o @
) 24 ys yfha tajd lSh o @
) tla fmÜáhl mekai,a 6 ne.ska fmÜá ;=kl we;s mekai,a .Kk lSh o @
² mka;sfha isiqka lsysm fofkl=g tl u j¾.fha .Kl 6 ne.ska fnod fokak'
² thska tla isiqjl=g ;uka <Õ we;s .Kl 6 .=re fïih u; ;nd .Kka lsÍug
lshkak'
112
 ² rEm yhla iys; l=vd m;%sldjla l¿,E,af,a fyda ma,ek,a mqjrefõ fyda
r|jkak'
² th isiqka ,jd —tla jrla yh yh hs˜ f,i lshkak'
² th my; whqßka ,súh yels nj fmkajkak'
Wod ( 1x6}6
² B<Õg ;j;a isiqjl=g ;uka <Õ we;s .Kl yh .=re fïih u; fjka j ;nd
.Kka lsÍug lshkak' fjk;a isiqjl=g rEm yhla iys; m;%sld folla m<uq
j r|jk ,o m;%sldjg háka /|ùug lshkak'
Wod ( ² ² ²
² ² ²
² ² ² ² ² ²
² ² ² ² ² ²
² th o isiqka ,jd —fojrla yh fod<yhs˜ f,i lshjkak' my; whqßka ,shkak'
Wod ( 1x6}6
2x6}12
² fï wdldrhg 10 f;la yfhys .=Kk j.=j f.dvkÕkak'
² wjidkfha .=Kk j.=j ms<sfj<ska kej; isiqka ,jd lshjkak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiq lKavdhïj,g .Kl iy >k lvodisj,ska lmk ,o ysia m;%sld oyhl
lÜg,h ne.ska ,nd fokak'
² .Kl Wmfhda.S lrf.k 6ys .=Kk j.=j f.dv kÕñka ysia m;%sldj, ,sùug
o lshkak' tu m;%sld wkqms<sfj<g fïih u; ;nd ish¨ fokd u tl;= ù
lshùug fhduq lrkak'
Wod (
1x6}6

2 x 6 } 12

3 x 6 } 18
''
'

10x 6 } 60
² lKavdhï l%shdldrlu wjika jQ miq wkqms<sfj<g fkdj wyUq f,i .=Kk
j.=j lshùug isiqkag wjia:dj ,efnk f,i m%Yak lsysmhla úuikak'
Wod ( ) ;=ka jrla 6 lSh o @
) y;a jrla 6 lSh o @

113
mshjr 3 (
² ;ukaf.a wNHdi fmdf;ys 6ys .=Kk j.=j wkqm<
s f
s j<ska ,sùug isik
q g
a wjia:dj
fokak'

l%shdldrlu 2 ( b,lalï follg fkdjeä ixLHd 6ka .=K lsÍu'

mshjr 1 (
² isiqka bf.k .;a 6ys .=Kk j.=j kej; u;la lrkak'
Wod ( ) 6ys tajd 2la lSh o @
) 5 jrla 6 lSh o @
) 60ys 6 tajd lSh o @
² isiqka ,jd 6ys .=Kk j.=j wkqms<sfj<ska lshjkak'
² my; wdldrfha .=K lsÍfï .eg¨jla bÈßm;a lr úi|k wdldrh wdo¾Ykh
lrkak'
Wod ( ) tla lKavdhulg <uhska 6 ne.ska lKavdhï 15l isák <uhska .Kk
lSh o @
² f.khdu iys; j úi|k wdldrh mshjfrka mshjr meyeÈ,s lrkak'
15
x 6
30 m 5 x 6 = 30
+ 60 m 10 x 6 = 60
90 m 30 + 60 = 90

² th my; whqßka o ,shd meyeÈ,s lrkak'

3 m<uq j tlia:dkfha 5" 6ka .=K l< úg ms<s;=r
15 30ka 0 tlia:dkfha ;Srfha ,shkak' oyfha tajd 3"
x6 oyhia:dkfha 1" 6ka .=K lsÍfuka ,efnk 6g tl;=
lrkak' túg oyhia:dkfha ;Srfha 9 fõ'
tkï ms<s;=r 90la fõ'
90

² ;j;a WodyrKhla o meyeÈ,s lrkak'

Wod ( tla fmÜáhlg melÜgq 6 ne.ska fmÜá 24lg úiaflda;= melÜgq wiqrk
,§' wiqrk ,o uq¿ úiaflda;= melÜgq .Kk lSh o @
2
24
x6
144

114
mshjr 2 (
² mka;sfha isiqka l=vd lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug 6ka .=K lsÍfï wNHdi 5la muK we;=<;a mejreï m;la
ne.ska ,nd fokak'
Wod (
16 30 48 72 95
x6 x6 x6 x6 x6

² tu .Kka ;ukaf.a wNHdi fmdf;ys ,shd úi|d lKavdhfï ish¨ fokdg u

,enqKq ms<s;=re ksjerÈ oehs idlÉPd lr ne,Sug wjia:dj fokak'

l%shdldrlu 3 ( 7ys .=Kk j.=j f.dv keÕSu

mshjr 1 (
² ufkdauh .‚;h i|yd fmr bf.k .;a .=Kk j.= iïnkaO j m%Yak lsysmhla
jdÑl j bÈßm;a lr ms<s;=re §ug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'
Wod ( ) y;a jrla 2 lSh o @
) mfya tajd 7la lSh o @
² 6ys .=Kk j.=j y÷kajd ÿka wdldrfha l%shdldrlula u.ska 7ys .=Kk j.=j o
y÷kajd fokak'
Wod ( 1x7 =7
2 x 7 = 14
.
.
.
10 x 7 = 70
² .=Kk j.=j isiqka ,jd wkqms<sfj<ska lsysm jrla lshjkak' .=Kk j.=j u;l
;nd .ekSfï jeo.;alu ms<sn| j isiqkag wjOdrKh lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka lKavdhï jYfhka tl;= ù .Kl wdOdrfhka fyda rEm m;%sld
wdOdrfhka fyda .=Kk j.=j f.dv ke.Sug iy ,sùug wjia:dj fokak'
² .=Kk j.=j ,shd mka;sfha m%o¾Ykh lsÍug i,iajkak'

mshjr 3 (
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug fhduq lrkak'

115
l%shdldrlu 4 ( b,lalï follg fkdjeä ixLHd 7ka .=K lsÍu
mshjr 1 (
² 7ys .=Kk j.=j ms<sn| wjfndaOh weiqfrka ms<s;=re §u i|yd my; wdldrfha
m%Yak isiqkaf.ka úuikak' ^ieu isiqjl=g u ms<s;=re §ug wjia:dj ,eìh
hq;= h'&
Wod ( ) fojrla 7 lSh o @
) 70ys yf;a tajd lSh o@
² b,lalï foflys ixLHdjla 7ka .=K lsÍu y÷kajd §u i|yd my; wdldrfha
.eg¨jla bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( fma<shlg 7 ne.ska fma<s 25lg ;nd we;s mqgq .Kk lSh o @

25 25
x7 x7
35 175
+ 140
175

² by; wdldr folg u ms<s;=r ,nd .kakd wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqkag lKavdhï jYfhka tl;= ù iE§u i|yd 7ka .=K lsÍfï .Kka we;=<;a
mejreï m;la ,nd fokak'
Wod (
19 36 84 72 57
x7 x7 x7 x7 x7

² tla tla lKavdhug f.dia isiqyq ksjerÈ j ms<s;=re ,nd .ks;a o hkak úuid
n,kak'

116
l%shdldrlu 5 ( b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 6ka iy 7ka .=K lsÍu
mshjr 1 (
² 6ys iy 7ys .=Kk j.= kej; u;la lsÍu i|yd isiqkaf.ka m%Yak wikak'
² b,lalï ;=fkys ixLHdjla 6ka .=K lsÍu we;=<;a .eg¨jla isik
q g
a bÈßm;a
lrkak'
Wod ( tla fmÜáhl mdg l+re 6 ne.ska fmÜá 120l we;s mdg l+re .Kk
lSh o @

is o t is o t
120 120
x6 x6
720 0
120
+ 600
720

² by; l%u folg u ,shd ms<s;=re ,nd .kakd wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² fï wdldrhg 7ka .=K lsÍfï .eg¨jla úi|k wdldrh o meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka iqÿiq whqßka lKavdhïj,g fnokak'
² b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 6ka iy 7ka .=K lsÍfï .eg¨ iys; m;%sld
ilid .kak'
² m<uq j iEu lKavdhulg u tla m;%sldj ne.ska ,nd fokak'
² ;ukag ,enqKq .eg¨j lshjd úi|k wdldrh lKavdhu ;=< idlÉPd lr
wNHdi fmdf;ys ,shd úi£ug lshkak' ieu fokdg u ksjerÈ ms<s;=r ,enqK
nj ;yjqre lr .ekSug lshkak'
² lKavdhï w;r m;%sld yqjudre lr .ksñka .eg¨ 4la j;a úi£ug wjia:dj
fokak'
² wjYH isiqka i|yd Wojq ,nd fokak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² .=Kk j.= weiqfrka m%Yak wikak'
² .=K lsÍfï .eg¨ iys; mejreï m;a iy fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fhdod .kak'

117
 22 ld,h - 2

ksmqK;dj ( ² ñks;a;=" meh" ojia" i;s yd udi w;r iïnkaO;d y÷kdf.k Ndú;
lrhs'
- ld,h .; ùu ms<sn| .Kkh lsÍï iys; .eg¨ úi|hs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² hï ld¾hhla wdrïN l< fõ,dj iy wjika l< fõ,dj wkqj ta

i|yd .; jQ ld,h m%ldY lrhs'
² wdrïNl fõ,dj iy .; jQ ld,h wkqj hï ld¾hhla wjika l<
fõ,dj .Kkh lr m%ldY lrhs'
² hï ld¾hhlg .; jQ ld,h iy wjika l< fõ,dj wkqj wdrïNl
fõ,dj .Kkh lr m%ldY lrhs'
² ld,h .; ùï ms<n
s | .Kkh lsÍï iys; ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'

jdxud,dj (
² fõ,dj ² ld,h ² wdrïNl fõ,dj
² wjika l< fõ,dj ² .; jQ ld,h

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² mejreï m;a
² .eg¨ we;=<;a m;%sld
² Trf,daiq uqyqK;la

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( .; jQ ld,h .Kkh lsÍu'
mshjr 1 (
² meh 12 Trf,daiqfõ iy meh 24 Trf,daiqfõ oelafjk fõ,dj lshùu kej;
u;la lsÍu i|yd my; whqßka isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'
Wod ( ) meh fod<fya Trf,daiq uqyqK;la fmkajd tys úúO fõ,djka
ksrEmKh lr isiqka ,jd lshjkak'
) meh fod<fya Trf,daif
q õ oelafjk fõ,dj meh 24 Trf,daif
q õ wdldrhg
^iïu; wdldrhg& m%ldY lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'
² mehlg ñks;a;= 60la nj isiqkag kej; u;la lrkak' Trf,daiq uqyqK;
u.ska fmkajkak'
² isiqkag my; wdldrfha m%Yak lsysmhla bÈßm;a lrñka ms<s;=re §ug i,iajkak'
Wod ( ) 12 iy 12 miq ù ñks;a;= 30 w;r ld,h ñks;a;= lSh o @
) 2 miqù ñks;a;= 10 iy 2 miq ù ñks;a;= 25 w;r ld,h ñks;a;= lSh o @

118
² isiqka ksjerÈ j úYajdifhka hq;= j ms<s;=re imhk nj iy;sl jk f;la fï
wdldrfhka ;j;a m%Yak wikak'
² hï ld¾hhla lsÍu i|yd ld,hla .; jk nj y÷kd .ekSug;a" .; jQ ld,h
.Kkh lrk wdldrh y÷kajd §ug;a" my; wdldrfha m%Yk
a hla isik
q g
a bÈßm;a
lrkak'
Wod ( iuka fmrjre 6'30g ksjiska msg;a ù fmrjre 7'25g mdi,g meñ‚fha h'
Tyqg ksjfia isg mdi,g taug .; jQ ld,h fldmuK o @
² th úi|k wdldrh isiqka iu. idlÉPd lrñka meyeÈ,s lrkak'
Wod ( ) iuka ksjiska msg;a jQ fõ,dj lSh o @ fmrjre 6'30
) Tyq mdi,g meñ‚ fõ,dj lSh o @ fmrjre 7'25
² Tyqg mdi,g taug .; jQ ld,h jkafka Tyq .uk wjika l< fõ,dj;a wdrïN
l< fõ,dj;a w;r fjki h'
fmrjre 7'25 - fmrjre 6'30
tkï ñks;a;= 55ls'
² ;j;a .eg¨jla úi|k wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
Wod ( nia r:hla fmrjre 10'15g fld<ôka msg;a j miajre 1'00g .d,a,g
meñ‚fha h' tu .ukg .; jQ ld,h fldmuK o @
^fmrjre 10'15 isg uOHyak 12g meh 1 ñks;a;= 45ls' t;eka isg miajre
1'00g meh tlls' tneúka .uk i|yd uq¿ukska u meh 2 ñks;a;= 45la
.; j we;s nj fidhd .ekSug isiqkag Wojq jkak'&
² by; i|yka ish¨ ld, iSudjka tla fõ,djl isg B<Õ fõ,dj f;la bÈßhg
.Kka lsÍfuka fidhd .; yels h' wvq lsÍfuka o ld, iSud fidhd .; yels
nj isiqkag fmkajkak' iïu; fõ,dj Ndú;fhka fuu l%uh myiq fõ'
m'j' 1'00 13 ( 00
fm'j' 10'15 10 ( 15
² fuu fõ,d fol w;r .; jQ ld,h wvq fõ,dfõ isg jeä fõ,dj f;la
bÈßhg fõ,dj tl;= lsÍfuka fiúh yels h'
Wod ( fõ,dj 10 ( 15 isg 11 ( 00 f;la ñks;a;= 45 hs'
fõ,dj 11 ( 00 isg 13 ( 00 f;la meh 2 hs'
túg uq¿ ld,h meh 2hs ñks;a;= 45 hs'
² wfkla l%uh jeä fõ,dfjka wvq fõ,dj wvq lsÍu hs' my; i|yka wdldrhg
isria w;g ,shd .;a úg th f.k tau iys; wvq lsÍula f,i ms<s;=r ,nd .;
yels h'

119
 meh ñks;a;=
13 00
- 10 15
02 45

^fuys f.k tafï § mehg ñks;a;= 60la neúka meh ;Srfhka tlla f.k
tk úg ñks;a;= ;Srfha 60la jk nj meyeÈ,s lrkak' ta wkqj 60ka 15la
wvq l< úg 45la fõ' oeka meh ;Srfha 12ka 10la wvq l< úg 2la fõ' túg
ms<s;=r meh 02hs ñks;a;= 45ls'&

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka iqÿiq whqßka lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² tla lKavdhulg my; wdldrfha .eg¨jla iys; m;%sldj ne.ska ,nd fokak'
Wod ( 1' fmrjre 8'00g mdi, mgka .kshs' fmrjre 10'00g úfõlh ,efnhs'
ta jk úg fldmuK ld,hla .; ù ;sfí o @
2' l=udß miajre 2'30g f.org meñK miajre 4'00g f;a mdkh lrhs'
f;a mdkh lsÍu f;la l=udß f.or fldmuK ld,hla isáhd o @
3' iudka miajre 5'15 isg miajre 7'00 f;la f.or jev lf<a h' Tyq
fldmuK fõ,djla f.or jev lf<a o @
² .eg¨j Tjqkaf.a wNHdi fmd;aj, ,shd úi£ug Wmfoia fokak'
² lKavdhï ;=< idlÉPd lrñka tlsfkldg wjYH mßÈ Wojq lr .ekSug
fhduq lrkak'
² .eg¨ m;%sld lKavdhï w;r yqjudre lr .ksñka úi£ug Wmfoia fokak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi iïmQ¾K lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

l%shdldrlu 2 ( hï ld¾hhla wjika l< fõ,dj .Kkh lsÍu

mshjr 1 (
² fmr l%shdldrlfuys § hï ld¾hhlg .; jQ fõ,dj fijQ wdldrh kej;
u;la lrkak'
² my; wdldrfha .eg¨jla isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( fld<U isg ;sßl=Kdu,hg .uka lrk nia r:hla fm'j'9'00g fld<ôka
msg;a úh' .ukg .; jQ ld,h meh 7hs ñks;a;= 45la kï nia r:h
;sßl=Kdu,hg meñKs fõ,dj lSh o @
² fuu .eg¨j isiqka ,jd lshjkak' fuys i|yka fõ,djka fudkjd oehs y÷kd
.ekSug fhduq lrkak'
Wod ( ) .uk wdrïN l< fõ,dj - fm'j' 9'00
.ukg .; jQ ld,h - meh 7hs ñks;a;= 45hs

120
 ² fmr Èk l%shdldrlfuys § .uk wdrïN l< fõ,dj iy wjika l< fõ,dj
§ ;snQ nj;a" .; jQ ld,h fijQ nj;a u;la lrkak'
² fuys § .uk wdrïN l< fõ,dj iy .; jQ ld,h § we;s neúka wdrïNl
fõ,dfõ isg bÈßhg .Kka lsÍu u.ska .uk wjidk l< fõ,dj fidhd .;
yels nj fmkajd fokak' isiqka iu. .Kka lrkak'
^.uk wjidk l< fõ,dj ( m'j'4'45&
² fuu fõ,dj meh 24 fõ,dfjka lSh oehs úuikak'
Wod ( fõ,dj 16(45
² fuh tl;= lsÍula f,i ,sùfuka o ,nd .; yels nj fmkajd fokak'
Wod ( meh ñks;a;=
9 00
+ 7 45

16 45

² ;j;a WodyrKhla meyeÈ,s lrkak'

by; wdldrfhka ,shd isÿ lrk tl;= lsÍulg jvd bÈßhg
.Kka lsÍu u.ska .eg¨ úi£ug isiqka fhduq lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka fofokd ne.ska lKavdhï lr my; wdldrfha .eg¨ lsysmhla we;=<;a
mejreula ,nd fokak'
Wod ( 1' fõÈld kdgHhla i|yd .; jQ ld,h meh 2 hs ñks;a;= 35ls' tu
kdgHh wdrïN jQ fõ,dj 18(30 kï wjika jk úg fõ,dj lSh o @
2' fudag¾ r:hlg wêfõ.S ud¾.fha fldÜgdj isg ud;rg hdug .;
jk ld,h meh 1hs ñks;a;= 45ls' fldÜgdfjka 11'30g .uk wdrïN
l< fudag¾ r:hla ud;rg hk úg fõ,dj lSh o @
² isiqka fofokdg idlÉPd lr .eg¨ Tjqkaf.a wNHdi fmd;aj, ,shd úi£ug
Wmfoia fokak'
² isik
q a l%h
s dldrlï lrk w;r;=r Tjqyq ksjerÈ j .eg¨ wjfndaO lrf.k úi|;a
o hkak fidhd n,kak'
² lKavdhï l%shdldrlu wjidkfha wyUq f,i f;dard.;a isiqka lsysm fofkl=g
.eg¨ úiª wdldrh m%ldY lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'

l%shdldrlu 3 ( hï ld¾hhla wdrïN l< fõ,dj .Kkh lsÍu'

mshjr 1 (
² fmr l%h
s dldrlïj, § hï ld¾hhla wjika l< fõ,dj iy .; jQ ld,h fijQ
wdldrh kej; u;la lrkak' fï i|yd ir, .eg¨ lsyms hla úi£ug wjia:dj
fokak'

121
 Wod ( ) tla isif
q jla m'j' 3'00g fmd;la lshùug wdrïN lr m'j'4'15g lshjd
wjika lf<a h' tu isij q dg fmd; lshùug .; jQ ld,h fldmuK o @
) fm'j' 6'15 g ksjfika msg;a jQ iukag mdi,g meñŒug ñks;a;= 45la
.; úh' iuka mdi,g meñ‚fha lShg o @
² hï ld¾hhla wdrïN l< fõ,dj .Kkh lsÍu y÷kajd §ug iqÿiq my;
wdldrfha .eg¨jla isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( mia jk fY%a‚fha isiqkaf.a úúO m%ix.h i|yd meh 3hs ñks;a;= 30la .;
ù ;sì‚' th wjika jk úg fõ,dj m'j'6'00 kï úúO m%ix.h wdrïN
lr we;af;a lShg o @
² fuu .eg¨j isiqka ,jd lshjkak' miq jQ ^tkï fmr& fõ,djla fiúh hq;=
nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² m<uq j Trf,daiq uqyqK;l fõ,dj m'j' 6'00 ^18 ( 00& isiqjl= ,jd ksrEmKh
lrjkak' t;eka isg isiqka ,jd meh 3hs ñks;a;= 30la msgqmig .Kka lrùfuka
wdrïNl fõ,dj y÷kd .ekSug i,iajkak'
² tu.ska wjika l< fõ,dfõ isg ^m'j' 6'00& .; jQ ld,h miq mig .Kka
lsÍfuka wdrïNl fõ,dj fidhd .; yels nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² ;jÿrg;a th my; wdldrfhka wvq lsÍfuka o ,nd .; yels nj fmkajd fokak'
Wod ( meh ñks;a;=
18 00
- 3 30
14 30

² f.k tau iys; j wvq lsÍu isÿ lrk wdldrh mshjfrka mshjr meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² fujeks ;j;a WodyrKhla meyeÈ,s lrkak'

wvq lsÍula f,i ,shd úi£ug jvd miq mig .Kka lsÍu u.ska ms<; s r
= ,nd
.ekSfï yelshdj isik
q a ;=< j¾Okh lsÍu ms<n
s | j jeä wjOdkhla fhduq lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
² l%h
s dldrlu 2ys § fuka isik
q a fofokd ne.ska lKavdhï lr ir, .eg¨ lsym
s hla
úi£ug wjia:dj fokak'

l%shdldrlu 4 (
² by; .eg¨ úi£fï wjfndaOh isiqka ;=< ;jÿrg;a ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd iqÿiq
l%shdldrlula ie,iqï lr .kak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fyda flaj, l%h
s dldrlï f,i ilik ,o mejreï fyda
fhdod .kak'

122
 23 fn§u - 2

ksmqK;dj ( ² ixLHd fn§fï .eg¨ úi|hs'

- b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 6ka iy 7ka fn§fï ir, .eg¨
úi|hs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHdjla 6ka fnod ,efnk ms<;

s r
= m%ldY lrhs'
² b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHdjla 6ka fn§fï ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'
² b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHdjla 7ka fnod ,efnk ms<;
s r
= m%ldY lrhs'
² b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHdjla 7ka fn§fï ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'

jdxud,dj (
² 6ka fn§u ² 7ka fn§u ² b;=re

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² tla tla l%shdldrlï hgf;a i|yka"
) b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd iys; ixLHd m;a
) 6ka iy 7ka fn§fï .eg¨ iys; m;%sld
) mejreï m;a
² .=Kk j.= fldgq ie,eiaula

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 6ka fn§u'
mshjr 1 (
² isiqkag 6ys .=Kk j.=j kej; u;la lsÍu i|yd m%Yak wikak'
Wod ( ) yfha tajd 2la lSh o @
) ;=ka jrla 6 lSh o @
) 36ys yfha tajd lSh o @
² my; wdldrfha .eg¨jla isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( ) tla md¾i,hlg fmd;a 6 ne.ska fmd;a 66lska md¾i,a lShla ieÈh yels o @
² ms<s;=r ,nd .kakd wdldrh isiqkag m%ldY lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
W\V†äXVNDPVVUQG\HOVQMIPNDMGIRNDN

² §¾> fn§u wdldrhg úi|k whqre wdo¾Ykh lrkak'

11
6 66
6
06
6
0 iEÈh yels md¾i,a .Kk } 11ls'

123
 ² b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ fjk;a ixLHd lsysmhla o 6ka fn§u wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
Wod ( ) b;=rej iys; j fn§u
ä
) f.khdu iys; j fn§u
96 ä 6 840 ä 6

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka fofokd ne.ska lKavdhï lr by; wdldrfha 6ka fn§fï .Kka
lsysmhla iys; mejreï m;la ,nd fokak'
² fofokd idlÉPd lr mejreï mf;ys i|yka .Kka ie§ug lshkak'
² lKavdhï l%h
s dldrlu wjidkfha wyUq f,i f;dard .;a isik
q g
a l¿,E,af,a ,shd
.Kka ie§ug wjia:dj fokak' wfkla isikq j
a o Wojq lsÍug fhduq lrkak'

l%shdldrlu 2 ( b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHdjla 6ka fn§fï ir, .eg¨ úi£u
mshjr 1 (
² 6ys .=Kk j.=j iy fmr l%shdldrlfuys § 6ka fn§u isÿ l< wdldrh isysm;a
lrkak'
Wod ( ) tla fmÜáhlg mekai,a 6 ne.ska mekai,a 108la oeóu i|yd fmÜá
lShla wjYH o @
18
6 108
6
48
48
0
wjYH fmÜá .Kk = 18
² my; wdldrfha .eg¨jla o bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( wU f.ä 615la iudk j f.dvj,a 6lg fjka lrk ,§' tl f.dvl
we;s wU .Kk lSh o @ lShla b;=re fõ o @
102 tla f.dvl we;s wU .Kk = 102
6 615
b;=re wU .Kk =3
6
01
0
15
12
3
² wjYH kï ;j;a .eg¨jla úi|k wdldrh wdo¾Ykh lrkak'

124
mshjr 2 (
² mka;sfha isiqka l=vd lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug by; wdldrfha 6ka fn§fï ir, j.ka;s .eg¨j ne.ska
we;=<;a m;%sldjla ,nd fokak'
² tu .eg¨j lshjd úi|k wdldrh lKavdhu ;=< idlÉPd lr ;ukaf.a
wNHdi fmdf;a §¾> fn§fï wdldrfhka ,shd úi£ug lshkak'
² ieu fokdg u tl u ms<s;=r ,enqfKa o hkak ;yjqre lr .; hq;= nj
lshkak' tla whl=g fyda fjkia$jerÈ ms<s;=rla ,eî we;akï th ksjerÈ lr
.ekSu i|yd wfkla wh Wojq l< hq;= nj mjikak'
² lKavdhï w;r m;%sld yqjudre lr .ksñka tla lKavdhulg .eg¨ 5la j;a
úi£ug wjia:dj fokak'
² isiqyq ksjerÈ j .eg¨ lshjd wjfndaO lrf.k ms<s;=re ,nd .ks;a o hkak
fidhd n,kak'
² wjYH isiqka i|yd Wojq ,nd fokak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdij, kshe<Sug wjia:dj fokak'

l%shdldrlu 3 ( b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 7ka fn§u

mshjr 1 (
² l%shdldrlu 1ys b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 6ka fn§u y÷kajd ÿka wdldrhg u
b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 7ka fn§u y÷kajd fokak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka lKavdhï lr b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 7ka fn§u we;=<;a mejreï
m;la ,nd fokak'

mshjr 3 (
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug isiqka fhduq lrkak'

l%shdldrlu 4 ( b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 7ka fn§u we;=<;a ir, .eg¨ úi£u'
mshjr 1 (
² 7ys .=Kk j.=j weiqfrka ukiska úi|d ms<;
s r
= e Èh yels ir, .eg¨ lsym
s hla
isikq g
a bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( ) 21ys yf;a tajd lSh o @
) 49" 7ka fn¥ úg ms<s;=r l=ula o @
² my; .eg¨j isiqkag bÈßm;a lr lshùug i,iajkak'
Wod ( ojia 7la i;shla kï ojia 364la i;s lSh o @
² äXVND PV
V UQGNDNGZGOGUKLVLN
T D LXLGOe3GOUxNDPH\HÅV
lrkak' wjYH kï me;,s" o~q yd leg o Wmfhda.s lr .kak'

125
 52
7 364
35
14
14
0
² b;=re iys; iy f.k taula o iys; j 7ka fn§ula we;=<;a fjk;a .eg¨jla
o bÈßm;a lr úi|k wdldrh wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
Wod ( ) tla fma<shlg 7 ne.ska mqgq 450la fma<s lShlg ;eìh yels o @
wjidk fma<shg b;=rejk mqgq .Kk lSh o @

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka lKavdhï lr by; wdldrfha 7ka fn§fï ir, .eg¨ we;=<;a m;%sld
fnod § tu .eg¨ úi£ug wjia:dj fokak'
² isiqyq ksjerÈ j .eg¨ úi|;a o hkak úuid n,kak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiqka fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍu i|yd fhduq lrkak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fhdod .kak'
² wNHdi we;=<;a ir, mejreï m;a fhdod .kak'
² ÿIalr;d olajk isiqka i|yd m<uq j b,lalï fofla ixLHd 6ka iy 7ka fn§ug
fhduq lrkak' ãkaia lÜg, Wmfhda.s lr .ekSug wjia:dj fokak'
² .eg¨ lshjd wjfndaO lr .ekSug wmyiq isik
q a i|yd m%Yk
a wiñka tu .eg¨ wjfndaO
lr .ekSug wjYH u. fmkaùï lrkak'

126
 25 ÈYd

ksmqK;dj ( ² ÈYd wdY%s; m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlïj, ksr; fjhs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² wg ÈYd olajhs¦ kï lrhs'

² ÈYdj,g wkqj jia;=j, msysàu úia;r lrhs'
² wg ÈYd Ndú; jk m%dfhda.l
s l%h
s dldrlïj, ksjerÈ m%;p
s dr olajñka
ksr; fjhs'

jdxud,dj (
² ÈYdj ² W;=r ² ol=K
² kef.kysr ² niakdysr ² jhU
² Bidk ² .sksfldk ² ksß;

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² wg ÈYdj, kï ,shk ,o m;%sld ^m;%sldjl tl ÈYdjla ne.ska&

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( m%Odk ÈYd Ndú; jk m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlïj, kshe<Su'
mshjr 1 (
² 4 jk fY%a‚fha § W.;a ÈYd ms<sn| fmr oekqu isysm;a lsÍu i|yd isiqka mka;s
ldurfhka msg;g /f.k hkak'
² my; wdldrfha l%shdldrlï i|yd fhduq lrkak'
Wod ( ) ysre kef.k ÈYdjg yeÍ isg.kak' tu ÈYdj l=ula o @
) kef.kysr ÈYdjg m%;súreoaO ÈYdj l=ula o @
) Tnf.a jï w; me;af;a we;s ÈYdj l=ula o @
² tu.ska W;=r" ol=K" kef.kysr iy niakdysr hk ÈYd y÷kd .ekSug
i,iajkak'
² th ;jÿrg;a ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd my; wdldrfha úOdkhka ,nd foñka ta
wkqj l%shd lsÍug isiqka fhduq lrkak'
Wod ( ) kef.kysr ÈYdjg uqyqK ,d isg.kak'
) mshjr 3la bÈßhg hkak'
) ol=Kq ÈYdjg yefrkak'
) oeka niakdysr ÈYdjg yefrkak'
) mshjr 5la bÈßhg hkak'

127
 ) W;=re ÈYdjg yefrkak'
) oeka kef.kysr ÈYdj fmkajkak'
² by; wdldrfha úOdk ,nd foñka wfkla isiqka l%shdldrlfuys ksr; lrùug
isiqka lsysm fofkl=g o wjia:dj fokak'

mshjr 2 (
² m%Odk ÈYd 4 ms<sn| wjfndaOh ;j ÿrg;a ;yjqre ùu i|yd iqÿiq lKavdhï
l%shdldrlul isiqka ksr; lrjkak'

l%shdldrlu 2 ( ÈYd wg y÷kd .ekSu

mshjr 1 (
² isiqka mka;s ldurfhka msg;g t<suyka ia:dkhlg /f.k hkak'
² m%Odk ÈYd 4 oelaùug wjia:dj fokak'
² isiqka iyNd.s lrf.k" fmdf<dj u; fldagqjlska my; whqßka ÈYd y;r
oelafjk wdldrfha igykla w¢kak' ysre kef.k ÈYdj ie,ls,a,g f.k
m%Odk ÈYd y;r fmdf<dj u; ,l=Kq lr .ekSu jeo.;a h' ÈYdj, kï ,shk
,o m;%sld o wod< ia:dkj, ;nkak'
Wod ( W;=r

niakdysr kef.kysr

ol=K

² tu igyfkys wkqÈYd oelafjk f,i o my; whqßka f¾Ld folla w¢kak'

Wod (
W;=r

niakdysr kef.kysr

ol=K

² isiqjl=g ueÈka isg.ekSug i,iajd W;=r iy kef.kysr ÈYdj w;r yß ueÈka

msysá f¾Ldj oelafjk foig yeÍug lshkak' tu ÈYdj zBidkZ hkqfjka
y÷kajd fokak' Bidk hkqfjka i|yka m;%sldj wod< ia:dkfhka ;nkak'
isiqka ,jd lshjkak'
128
 ² ;j;a isiqka iyNd.s lr .ksñka .sksfldk" ksß; iy jhU hk ÈYd o y÷kajd
fokak'
Wod (
W;=r
jhU Bidk

niakdysr kef.kysr

ksß; .sksfldk
ol=K

² tu wkqÈYd isik
q a fyd¢ka y÷kd .kakd f;la lsym
s jrla u ta ms<n
s | j úuikak'
² m%Yak wiñka wkq ÈYd ms<sn| wjfndaOh ;jÿrg;a ;yjqre lrkak'
Wod ( W;=r yd kef.kysr w;r msysgk ÈYdj l=ula o @

mshjr 2(
² wg ÈYd ms<sn| wjfndaOh isiqka ;=< ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd iqÿiq lKavdhï
l%shdldrlul isiqka fhdojkak'

mshjr 3(
² mka;s ldurhg kej; meñK my; i|yka wdldrhg ÈYd wg Tjqkaf.a wNHdi
fmdf;ys we£ug i,iajkak'
Wod (
W
j B

n ke

ks .s
o

^ÈYd wfgys ms<f

s j< u;l ;nd .ekSu i|yd my; jelsh y÷kajd Èh yels h'
—Wmq,a B<Õ kefõ .syska oïñ ksÈ o n,d jfrka˜&

l%shdldrlu 3 ( ÈYdj,g wkqj jia;=j, msysàu úia;r lsÍu

mshjr 1 (
² isiqka bf.k .;a wg ÈYd kej; u;la lrkak'
² Tjqka isák ia:dkfha isg ÈYd oelaùug wjia:dj fokak'
² øjH wgl rEm m;%sld fyda kï ,shk ,o m;%sld fyda imhd .kak'
² isiqka mka;sfhys fyda t<suyfkys bvlv iys; ia:dkhlg le|jd .kak'

129
 ² tla isiqjl=g W;=re ÈYdjg yeÍ isg.ekSug lshkak' isiqjd isák ia:dkhg
mshjr lsysmhla bÈßfhka W;=r ÈYdfjka fjk;a isiqjl=g ;uka leu;s rEmhla
iys; m;%sldjla ;eîug lshkak'
Wod ( W

fnda,h

isiqjd

² by; wdldrhg jßka jr ;j;a isiqka ,jd wfkl=;a øjH iys; rEm wg
ÈYdj,g wod< j isiqjd jfÜ ;eîug wjia:dj fokak'
Wod (
wU.i fnda,h ldrh

<s| isiqjd nhsil

s ,h

f.aÜgqj ksji fmd,a.i

² by; øjHj, msysàu weiqßka isiqkaf.ka m%Yak wikak'

² Wod ( ) ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' W;=re ÈYdfjka we;af;a l=ula o @
) ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' jhU ÈYdfjka we;af;a l=ula o @
) <s| we;af;a ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' g ljr ÈYdfjka o @
² ish¨ u øjHj, msysàu iuÕ wg ÈYdj u we;=<;a jk wdldrfhka isiqkag
by; wdldrfha m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re §ug wjia:dj fokak'
² oeka øjHj, msysàu fjkia lr fjk;a isiqjl= o fhdod f.k m%Yak wikak'
² tu ie,eiau ,E,af,a w¢kak' W;=re ÈYdj i,l=Kq lrkak'
² ,E,af,a w¢k ,o ie,eiau weiqßka by; wdldrfhka wik m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re
§ug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka lKavdhï lrkak'
² my; wdldrfha ie,eiaula" ,E,af,a fyda úYd, lvodishl fyda we| isiqkag
oelSug i,iajkak'

130
 Wod (
A W
H B

G X C

F D
E

² fuys A, B, C, D, . . .H iy X fjkqjg øjHj, kï i|yka l< yels h'

² by; ie,eiau weiqfrka tla jia;=jlg idfmalaI j wfkla jia;= msysá ÈYd
i|yka jk j.ka;s ,sùug lKavdhu fhduq lrkak'
Wod ( ) X g W;=frka msysgd we;af;a A h'
) D, X g .sksfldk ÈYdfjka we;'
² lKavdhï l%shdldrlu wjidkfha tla tla lKavdhu ,shQ j.ka;s lsysmhla
bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'

l%shdldrlu 4 (
² wg ÈYd ms<n
s | oekqu isik
q a ;=< ;j ÿrg;a ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd isik
q g
a m%dfhda.l
s j
kshe<Sug yels l%h
s dldrlula ie,iqï lrf.k l%h s d;aul lrkak'
² fm<fmdf;ys wNHdi i|yd fhduq lrkak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² m%dfhda.l
s l%h
s dldrlï w;r;=r ksÍlaIKh iy m%Yk
a weiSu u.ska isiy
q q ksjerÈ j wg
ÈYd olaj;a o" kï lr;a o hkak ;yjqre lr .kak'
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fhdod .kak'

131
 26 .=K lsÍu - 3

ksmqK;dj ( ² ixLHd .=K lsÍfï .eg¨ úi|hs'

- b,lalï ;=klg fkdjeä ixLHd 8" 9 iy 10ka .=K lsÍfï .eg¨
úi|hs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² 8ys iy 9ys .=Kk j.= f.dv k.hs' u;lfhka lshhs'

² b,lalï follg fkdjeä l=uk ixLHdjla jqj o 8ka .=K lr ms<;
s r
=
m%ldY lrhs'
² b,lalï follg fkdjeä l=uk ixLHdjla jqj o 9ka .=K lr ms<s;=r
m%ldY lrhs'
² b,lalï ;=klg fkdjeä ixLHd 8ka iy 9ka .=K lsÍfï ir, .eg¨
úi|hs'
² b,lalï foflys l=uk ixLHdjla jqj o 10ka .=K lsÍfï ir, .eg¨
úi|hs'

jdxud,dj (
² 8ys .=Kk j.=j ² 9ys .=Kk j.=j

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² 8 iy 9ys .=Kk j.= f.dv ke.Sug iqÿiq øjH fyda rEm m;%sld
² 8" 9 iy 10ys .=Kk j.= i|yka m;%sld
² ixLHd m;a
² 8 iy 9ka .=K lsÍï we;=<;a mejreï m;a
² 8" 9 iy 10ka .=K lsÍfï .eg¨ iys; m;%sld

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( 8ys .=Kk j.= f.dv ke.Su iy 10 f;la ixLHd 8ka .=K lsÍu'
mshjr 1 (
² ufkdauh .‚;h i|yd fmr bf.k .;a .=Kk j.=jl 8 we;=<;a .=K lsÍï
i|yka wjia:d ms<n
s | m%Yk
a bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( ) wg jrla fol lSh o @
) wg jrla y;r lSh o @
) ;=fka tajd wgla lSh o @
² øjH ^.Kl& fyda rEm m;%l
s d fyda Wmfhda.s lrf.k isik
q a o iu. 8ys .=Kk j.=j
mshjfrka mshjr f.dv kÕkak'

132
 Wod ( ²²²²
²²²²

²²²² ²²²²
²²²² ²²²²

²²²² ²²²² ²²²²

²²²² ²²²² ²²²²

² th isik
q a iu. lshjñka my; whqßka ,shd olajkak'
Wod ( 1« 8 = 8
2 « 8 = 16
3 « 8 = 24
.
.
.
9 « 8 = 72
10 « 8 = 80
² ,shk ,o .=Kk j.=j isik
q a ,jd lshjkak'
² th isik
q f
a .a wNHdi fmd;aj, ,shd .ekSug i,iajkak'
² 10 f;la ixLHdjla 8ka .=K lsÍu y÷kajd §u i|yd my; wdldrfha WodyrKhla
fhdod .kak'
Wod ( tla lKavdhulg <uhska 8 fokd ne.ska lKavdhï 10l isák <uhska
.Kk lSh o @
10
« 8
80

² ;j;a WodyrK lsym

s hla fhdod .kak'
² fuys § 8ys .=Kk j.=j Ndú; jk ksid isik
q g
a th u;l ;nd .ekSug Wojq fõ'

mshjr 2 (
² mka;f
s ha isik
q a iqÿiq whqßka lKavdhï lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug 1 isg 10 f;la ixLHd m;a lÜg,hla iy fldgq iys;
lvodish ne.ska ,nd fokak'
² fldgq lvodisfhys 1 isg 10 f;la isria w;g ,sùug lshkak'

133
 Wod (

1
2
3
4
'
'
'
10

² ixLHd fkdfmfkk fia ixLHd m;a fïih u; ;eîug lshkak'

² oeka my; whqßka ish¨ fokd u tl;= ù 8ys .=Kk j.=j lvodisfhys ,súh hq;=
nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² m<uq j tla isij
q l=g wyUq f,i ixLHd m;la f.k ;ukag ,enqKq ixLHdjg
wod< j .=Kk j.=fjys .=K lsÍu kshñ; fma<f
s hys ,sùug lshkak'
Wod ( ,enqK ixLHdj 3 kï"

1
2
3 « 8 } 24
4
'
'
'
10

² oeka tu ixLHd m; bj;a lr fjk;a isij

q l=g ixLHd m;la f.k .=K lsÍu
,sùug lshkak'
² fï wdldrhg lKavdhfï ish¨ fokd u tl;= ù .=Kk j.=j iïmQ¾K lr
lshùug fhduq lrkak'
² isiy
q q ksjerÈ j .=Kk j.=j ,sh;a o hkak fidhd n,kak'

l%h
s dldrlu 2 ( 9ys .=Kk j.=j f.dv keÕSu iy 10 f;la ixLHdjla 9ka .=K lsÍu'
mshjr 1 (
² 8ys .=Kk j.=j y÷kajd ÿka whqßka u 9ys .=Kk j.=j iy 10 f;la ixLHdjla 9ka
.=K lsÍu o y÷kajd fokak'
² .=Kk j.=j wNHdi fmdf;a ,shd .ekSug i,iajkak'

134
mshjr 2 (
² mka;f
s ha isik
q a iudk j lKavdhï follg fjka lrkak'
² tla lKavdhulg 1 isg 10 f;la 9ka .=K lsÍï i|yka ldâ m;a o wfkla
lKavdhug tu .=KlsÍïj,g wod< .=‚;h ^ms<s;=re& iys; ldâ m;a o wyUq
f,i fnod fokak'
Wod (
lKavdhu i lKavdhu ii

1« 9 2«9 9 18

3«9 10 « 9 27 90
² lKavdhï foflys u ieu isij q l=g u ldâ m;la ;sìh hq;h
= 's isik
q a 40l muK
ixLHdjla isáhs kï tl u .=KlsÍu iy ms<; s r
= fofofkl=g ,eî ;sìh yels h'
isik
q a T;af;a ixLHdjla isáhs kï tla isijq l= wfkla wh ksjerÈ j l%h s dldrlu
lrkafka o hkak ksÍlaIKh i|yd fhduq lrkak'
s dldrlu wdrïN lsÍug ix{djla ÿka miqj lKavdhu i ys isik
² l%h q a ;uka w;
we;s .=K lsÍug wod< ms<;
s r q l= lKavdhu ii ka fidhd .;
= e ldâ m;a iys; isij
hq;= nj lshkak'
² ish¨ fokd u ldâ m;a .,md .;a miq fofokd ne.ska ms<f
s j<g .=Kk j.=j
f.dvkef.k whqßka isg .ekSug i,iajd ;uka w; we;s .=KlsÍï iy ms<;
s r
=
lshùug wjia:dj fokak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug isik
q g
a wjia:dj fokak'

l%h
s dldrlu 3 ( b,lalï ;=klg fkdjeä ixLHd 8ka .=KlsÍu iy .eg¨ úi£u'
mshjr 1 (
² ufkdauh .‚;h i|yd 8 ys .=Kk j.=jg wod< m%Yk
a isik
q g
a bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( ) wfgys tajd folla lSh o @
) y;rjrla wg lSh o @
) y;,sy jkafka wg jrla lSh o @
² m<uqj b,lalï foflys ixLHdjla 8ka .=KlsÍu y÷kajd fokak'
Wod ( tla mka;h
s l isik
q a 35 ne.ska mka;s 8l isák isik
q a .Kk fidhkak'
² ms<;
s r
= ,nd .kakd wdldrh m%ldY lsÍug isik
q g
a wjia:dj fokak'
² my; whqßka ,shd ms<;
s r
= ,nd .kakd wdldrh mshjfrka mshjr meyeÈ,s lrkak'
35
«8

280 q a .Kk = 280

mka;s 8l isák isik
4

135
 ² ;j;a WodyrKhla fhdod .kak' fuys § leue;af;ka bÈßm;a jk isij
q l=g
wjia:dj § wfkla wh Wojq lsÍug fhduq lrkak'

Wod ( 68
« 8
544
6

² b,lalï 3ys ixLHdjla 8ka .=K lsÍfï .eg¨jla o úi|k wdldrh wdo¾Ykh
lrkak'
Wod ( tla fnda;,hlg w,a,k c, m%udKh 250 mlls' tjeks fnda;,a 8lg oeñh
yels c, m%udKh fidhkak'
250
«8
2000 fnda ; ,a 8lg oeñh yels c, m% u dKh = 2000ml

mshjr 2 (
² isik
q a fofokd ne.ska lKavdhï lr b,lalï 3lg fkdjeä ixLHd 8ka .=K lsÍï
we;=<;a mejreï m;la ,nd fokak'
Wod (
^1& ^2& ^3& ^4&
28 39 105 476
«8 «8 «8 «8

^5& tla fmÜáhl inka leg 350 ne.ska fmÜá wgl we;s
inka leg .Kk fidhkak'

^6& tla ßnka má frda,l 150 mla È. ßnka máhla we;'

tjeks frda, 8l we;s ßnka máj, È. m%udKh ógr
fldmuK o @

l%h
s dldrlu 4 (
² l%h
s dldrlu 3ys wdldrhg b,lalï ;=klg fkdjeä ixLHd 9ka .=K lsÍï iy
.eg¨ úi£u isÿ lrk wdldrh isik q ga wjfndaO lrùug iqÿiq l%h
s dldrlula
ie,iqï lr .kak'

136
l%h
s dldrlu 5 ( b,lalï foflys ixLHd 10ka .=K lsÍfï .eg¨ úi£u'
mshjr 1 (
² fï jk úg isikq a 2 isg 10 f;la ish¨ u .=Kk j.= ms<n
s | wjfndaOh ,nd f.k
we;s neúka ufkdauh .‚;h i|yd .=Kk j.=j,g wod< m%Yk a lsym
s hla fhdod
.kak'
Wod ( ) fojrla 8 lSh o @
) oyfha tajd 5la lSh o @
) 3" 9ka .=K l< úg ms<;
s r
= l=ula o @
² 10ka .=K lsÍula we;=<;a .eg¨ lsym
s hla isik
q g
a bÈßm;a lr úi|k wdldrh
wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
Wod ( tla je,lg fldä 10 ne.ska fldä je,a 25la ie§ug wjYH fldä .Kk
fidhkak'
25
«10 25 « 10 = 250
250

² 10ka .=K lsÍfï § ,efnk ms<;

s r
= ej, rgdj ms<n
s | j isik
q f
a .a wjOdkh fhduq
lrkak'
Wod ( ) 18«10 } 180
) 24«10 } 240
) 37«10 } 370
mshjr 2 (
² isik
q g
a lKavdhï jYfhka tl;= ù úi£u i|yd by; wdldrfha .eg¨ we;=<;a
mejreï m;la ,nd fokak'
² lKavdhïj,g hñka wjYH Wmfoia ,nd fokak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wNHdi lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² .=Kk j.= ms<n
s | u;lh mÍlaId lsÍu i|yd m%Yk
a wikak'
² .=K lsÍï we;=<;a mejreï m;a fhdod .kak'
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fhdod .kak'
² lKavdhï l%h s dldrlï w;r;=r ksÍlaIKh iy m%Yk a weiSu uÕska o isiy
q q wod< .=Kk
j.= ksjerÈ j Ndú; lr;a o" .=K lsÍï ksjerÈ j isÿ lr;a o hkak ;yjqre lr .kak'

137
 27 mßudj yd Odß;dj - 2

ksmqK;dj ( ² mßudj yd Odß;dj we;=<;a .eg¨ úi|hs'

- mßudj yd Odß;dj wdY%s; ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² ,Sgr iy ñ,s,Sgr we;=<;a ir, .=K lsÍfï .eg¨ úi|hs'

² ,Sgr iy ñ,s,g
S r we;=<;a ir, fn§fï .eg¨ úi|hs'

jdxud,dj (
² ,Sgr ² ñ,s,Sgr
² w,a,k m%udKh ² jdr .Kk

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² ñkqï irdjla$,Sgrhl Odß;dj iys; Ndckhla
² úúO m%udKfha Ndck
² c,h
² mejreï m;a
² .eg¨ we;=<;a m;%sld

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( tall mßj¾;k rys; j ,Sgr yd ñ,s,Sgr m%udK .=K lsÍï wdY%s; .eg¨
úi£u ^f.khdu iys; j 2" 3" 4 iy 5ka .=K lsÍï we;=<;a .eg¨&
mshjr 1 (
² ,Sgrj,ska iy ñ,s,Sgrj,ska øj uekSu ms<sn| j isiqkag isysm;a lrkak'
² isiqjl= bÈßhg le|jd ñkqï irdj fyda ,Sgr iy ñ,s,Sgr m%udK i,l=Kq lrk
,o úksúo fmfkk Ndckhla fyda wdOdrfhka 1 l 250 ml l c, m%udKhla uek
;rula f,dl= fjk;a Ndckhlg oeóug lshkak' tu m%udKh l¿,E,af,a
,shkak'
² fjk;a isiqka fofofkl=g o tu c, m%udK u uek f,dl= Ndckhg oeóug
lshkak' oeka tu m%udK fol o l¿,E,af,a ,shkak'
Wod ( 1 l 250 ml
1 l 250 ml
1 l 250 ml
² oeka —1 l 250 ml c, m%udK 3la f,dl= Ndckhg ouk ,§' tys we;s uq¿ c,
m%udKh fldmuK oe˜hs isiqka f.ka úuikak'
² tl u m%udKh ;=ka jrla tl;= lsÍfuka ms<s;=r ,efnk nj fmkajd fokak'
ksjerÈ oehs uek ne,Sug fjk;a isiqjl=g wjia:dj fokak'

138
 ² tl u c, m%udKh jdr ;=kl § oeuQ neúka th ;=fkka .=K lsÍfuka ms<s;=r
,nd.; yels wdldrh fmkajd fokak'
Wod ( l ml
1 250
x 3
3 750

² my; .eg¨j isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'

) 1 l 200 ml l c,h iys; fnda;, 4l we;s uq¿ c, m%udKh fldmuK o @
² isiqka o iyNd.s lr .ksñka 4ka .=K lsÍu isÿ lrk wdldrh meyeÈ,s
lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
² mka;sfha isiqka lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug my; wdldrfha .eg¨jla iys; m;%sldj ne.ska ,nd
fokak'
Wod ( ) c,h 5 l 300 mlla w,a,k Ndckhlska ;=ka jdrhla c,h oud ysia
gexlshla mqrjk ,§' gexlsfha we;s uq¿ c, m%udKh fldmuK o @
) Ndckhlg w,a,k øj m%udKh 3 l 450 ml la kï tjeks Ndck follg
oeñh yels uq¿ øj m%udKh fldmuK o @
² m;%sldfõ we;s .eg¨j idlÉPd lr wNHdi fmdf;a ,shd úi£ug fhduq lrkak'
² lKavdhï w;r m;%sld yqjudre lr .ksñka .eg¨ úi£ug isiqkag wjia:dj
fokak'
² lKavdhï l%shdldrlu wjidkfha wyUq f,i f;dard .;a isiqka lsysm fofkl=g
.eg¨ úiª wdldrh bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'

l%shdldrlu 2 ( tall mßj¾;k iys; j ,Sgr iy ñ,s,Sgr m%udK .=K lsÍï wdY%s;
.eg¨ úi£u ^f.khdu iys; j 2ka 3ka 4ka iy 5ka .=K lsÍu we;=<;a
.eg¨ muKla fhdod .kak'&

mshjr 1 (
² ,Sgr iy ñ,s,Sgr tall mßj¾;khg wod< j ir, m%Yak lsysmhla isiqkag
bÈßm;a lr ms<s;=re §ug fhduq lrkak'
Wod ( ) ,Sgrhlg ñ,s,Sgr lSh o @
) ,Sgr 5l ñ,s,Sgr lSh o @
) 2000 ml l ,Sgr lSh o @
) 3 l 250 ml ñ,s,Sgrj,ska fldmuKo @
² iEu isiqjl=g u ms<s;=re §ug wjia:dj ,efnk mßÈ by; m%Yak bÈßm;a
lrkak'

139
 ² my; wdldrfha .=K lsÍfï .eg¨jla bÈßm;a lr úi|k wdldrh wdo¾Ykh
lrkak'
² Wod ( 1 l 500 ml îu fnda;,a myl we;s uq¿ îu m%udKh fldmuK o @

l ml ñ,s,Sgr 500 tajd 5la 2500 mlla fõ' tys 2500 mlka
1 500 500 "ml" ;Srfha ,shd 2 "l" ;Srhg f.k hkak'
x 5 ,Sgr 1 tajd 5la 5 l ls' túg "l" ;Srfha 5 + 2 = 7ls'
7 500 tkï ms<s;=r 7l 500 ml ls'

² wjYH kï .eg¨jla isiqka o iyNd.s lrf.k úi|kak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka lKavdhï lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug by; wdldrfha .eg¨ iys; m;%sld fnod fokak'
² tajdfha we;s .eg¨ wNHdi fmd;aj, ,shd úi£ug fhduq lrkak'
² lKavdhï w;r m;%sld yqjudre lr .ksñka .eg¨ 5la j;a úi£ug wjia:dj
fokak'
² lKavdhïj,g hñka wjYH Wmfoia ,nd fokak'

l%shdldrlu 3 ( tall mßj¾;k rys; j ,Sgr ñ,s,g

S r m%udKhla fn§u wdY%;
s .eg¨ úi£u'
mshjr 1 (
² my; wdldrfha m%Yk
a bÈßm;a lr ukiska úi|d ms<;
s r
= e ,nd §ug isik
q a fhduq
lrkak'
Wod ( ) c,h 10 lla iudk j Ndck 5lg oeuQ úg tla Ndckhl we;s c,
m%udKh fldmuK o @
² my; wdldrfha .eg¨jla isiqkag bÈßm;a lr úi|k wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
Wod ( ) Ndckhl me‚ îu 10 l 550 ml wvx.= fõ' fuh Ndck 5lg iudk j
oukq ,efí' tla Ndckhl we;s me‚ îu m%udKh fldmuK o @

2 l 110 ml 10 l, 5ka fn¥ úg 2ls' th ,Sgr ;Srfha ,shkak'

5 10 l 550 ml 550 ml, 5ka fn¥ úg 110 mlls'
10
th ñ,s,g
S r ;Srfha ,shkak'
0 5
5 W;a;rh } 2 l 110 ml
05 tla Ndckhl we;s
5
me‚ îu m%udKh } 2 l 110 ml
00
0
0

140
 ) Tiqmeka 8 l 680 ml m%udKhla fcda.a.= 4lg iudk j j;a lrk ,§'
tla fcda.a.=jl we;s Tiqmeka m%udKh fldmuK o @
2 l 170 ml by; meyeÈ,s l< wdldrhg fuh o mshjfrka
4 8 l 680 ml mshjr isiqkag meyeÈ,s lrkak'
8
0 6 W;a;rh ( 2 l 170 ml
4
28
28
00
0
0

mshjr 2 (
² mka;sh lKavdhï lsysmhlg fnokak'
² tla tla lKavdhug .eg¨ ,shQ m;%sld fnod fokak'
² m;%sld lKavdhï w;r yqjudre lrñka .eg¨ myla j;a úi£ug fhduq lrkak'
² lKavdhïj,g hñka wjYH mßÈ Wmfoia ,nd fokak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍu i|yd isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² isiqka lKavdhï jYfhka l%shdldrlïys ksr; jk wjia:dfõ m%Yak weiSu iy
ksÍlaIKh u.ska o flaj, mejreï ,nd §u u.ska o wod< bf.kqï m, lrd <Õd ù
we;a o hkak ;yjqre lr .kak'
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fhdod .kak'

141
 28 fn§u - 3
ksmqK;dj ( ² ixLHd fn§fï .eg¨ úi|hs'
- b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 8ka" 9ka iy 10ka fn§fï .eg¨ úi|hs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHdjla 8ka fnod ,efnk ms<;

s r
= m%ldY lrhs'
² b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 8ka fn§fï ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'
² b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHdjla 9ka fnod ms<s;=r m%ldY lrhs'
² b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHdjla 9ka fn§fï ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'
² b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHdjla 10ka fnod ,efnk ms<;
s r
= m%ldY lrhs'
² b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 10ka fn§fï ir, fn§fï .eg¨ úi|hs'

jdxud,dj (
² 8ka fn§u ² 9ka fn§u

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² mejreï m;a
² .eg¨ iys; m;%sld

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 8ka fn§u'
mshjr 1 (
² 8ys .=Kk j.=j isym
s ;a lsÍu i|yd iqÿiq m%Yk
a lsym
s hla isik
q g
a bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( ) fojrla 8 lSh o @
) 24ys wfÜ tajd lSh o @
² b,lalï fofla ixLHdjla §¾> fn§fï wdldrhg 8ka fnod ms<s;=r ,nd .kakd
wdldrh wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
Wod (
(1) 96 ä 8 (2) 89 ä 8
12 11
8 96 8 89
8 8
16 09
16 8
0 1

96 ä 8 = 12 89 ä 8 = 11 b;=re 1

142
 ² b,lalï ;=fka ixLHdjla o 8ka fnok wdldrh wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
Wod (
(1) 248 ä 8 (2) 400 ä 8 (3) 806 ä 8

31 50 100
8 248 8 400 8 806
24 40 8
08 00 00
8 0 0
0 0 06
0
6
248 ä 8 = 31 400 ä 8 = 50 806 ä 8 = 100 b;=re 6
mshjr 2 (
² isik
q a fofokd ne.ska lKavdhï lr 8ka fn§ï we;=<;a mejreï m;la ,nd fokak'
Wod (
(1) 98 ä 8 (2) 108 ä 8 (3) 8 310

(4) 8 965 (4) 8 815

² lKavdhï l%shdldrlï w;r;=r isiqyq ksjerÈ j fn§u isÿ lr ms<s;=re ,nd

.ks;a o hkak fidhd n,kak'
² ms<s;=re ,nd .;a wdldrh idlÉPd lrkak'

mshjr 3 (
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

l%shdldrlu 2 ( b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 8ka fn§fï .eg¨ úi£u

mshjr 1 (
² fmr l%shdldrlfuys § ixLHd 8ka fn§u isÿ l< whqre isysm;a lrkak'
² my; wdldrfha .eg¨jla bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( ;, ler,s 90la tla melÜgqjlg 8 ne.ska melÜgq lShlg oeñh yels o @
lShla b;=re fõ o @
² m<uq j .eg¨j isiqka ,jd lshjd úi|k wdldrh úia;r lsÍug wjia:dj
fokak' fuh 8ka fn§ula nj y÷kd .ekSug isiqka fhduq lrkak'
² leue;af;ka bÈßm;a jk isiqjl= le|jd th §¾> fn§fï wdldrhg ,shd
úi£ug lshkak' wfkla isiqka Wojq lsÍug fhduq lrkak'
² b,lalï ;=fka ixLHdjla 8ka fn§fï .eg¨jla o bÈßm;a lr isiqka o iyNd.s
lrf.k úi|kak'
Wod ( fnda, 560la tla fmÜáhlg 8 ne.ska weisÍug fmÜá lShla wjYH fõ o @
² fï wdldrhg .eg¨ lsysmhla úi|kak'
143
mshjr 2 (
² mka;sfha isiqka l=vd lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug by; wdldrfha 8ka fn§fï .eg¨jla iys; m;%sldj
ne.ska fnod fokak'
² lKavdhfï ish¨ fokd u tl;= ù .eg¨j lshjd úi|k wdldrh idlÉPd lr
;ukaf.a wNHdi fmdf;a ,shd ms<s;=r ,nd .ekSug lshkak'
² lKavdhï w;r m;%sld yqjudre lr .ksñka .eg¨ 5la muK úi£ug wjia:dj
fokak'
² lKavdhï l%shdldrlu w;r;=r ksÍlaIKh u.ska isiqyq ksjerÈ j .eg¨ lshjd
wjfndaO lrf.k ms<s;=re ,nd .ks;a o hkak úuid n,kak'

mshjr 3 (
² fm<fmdf;a wod< wNHdi lsÍug isiqka fhduq lrkak'

l%shdldrlu 3 ( b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 9ka fn§u'

mshjr 1 (
² 9ys .=Kk j.=jg wod< j hï ixLHdjla m%ldY lr th 9ka fn¥ úg ,efnk
ms<s;=r m%ldY lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'
Wod ( ) 18" 9ka fn¥ úg ms<s;=r lSh o @
) 27" 9ka fn¥ úg ms<s;=r lSh o @
² oeka b;=re iys; j 9ka fnfok ixLHdjla bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( 48 ä 9

5 9 tajd 5la 45 la neúka ms<s;=r 5hs' b;=re 3la

9 48 jk nj fmkajd fokak'
45
3 48 ä 9 = 5 b;=re 3
² b,lalï ;=fka ixLHdjla §¾> fn§fï wdldrhg 9ka fnod ms<s;=r ,nd .kakd
whqre meyeÈ,s lrkak'
Wod ( 640 ä 9 71
9 640
63
10 640 ä 9 = 71 b;=re 1
9
1
² by; wdldrfha ;j;a WodyrK lsysmhla fhdod .kak' fuys § —0˜ iys; iy
f.khdu iys; jk wjia:d ms<sn| jeä wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
Wod (
(1) 927 ä 9 (2) 810 ä 9

144
mshjr 2 (
² isiqka y;r fokd ne.ska lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² my; wdldrfha mejreï m;la ,nd fokak'
Wod (
tla tla wNHdihg wod< ms<s;=r f;darkak'
.eg¨j úi÷u

9 585 9 834 106 b;=re 4 65

9 207 9 958 92 b;=re 6 23

² lKavdhfï tla isiqjl=g tla .eg¨jla ne.ska úi£ug;a" tu wjia:dfõ

wfkla isiqka Tyqg$wehg Wojq lsÍug;a fhduq lrkak'

mshjr 3 (
² fm< fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'

l%shdldrlu 4 (
² l%shdldrlu 2ys 8ka fn§fï .eg¨ úiª whqßka isiqkag b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ
ixLHd 9ka fn§fï .eg¨ úi£u ms<sn| wjfndaOh ,nd §ug iqÿiq l%shdldrlula
ie,iqï lrf.k fhdod .kak'

l%shdldrlu 5 ( b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 10ka fn§fï .eg¨ úi£u

mshjr 1 (
² 10ka .=K lsÍfï m%Yak lsysmhla wikak'
² 1 oyfhka .=K l< úg 10hs' 10 oyfhka .=K l< úg 100hs f,i lshjñka"
1" 10" 100" 1000" 10000 rgdj f.dvk.kak'
² rgdj w. isg uq,g ,shuq hehs lshd 10000" 1000" 100 ixLHd ;=k l¿,E,af,a ,shkak'
² th ,nd .; yelafla flfia oehs wikak'
² my; i|yka wdldrfhka meyeÈ,s lrkak'
1000 oyfhka fnod n,uq hehs lshd fnod fmkajkak'
tu.ska"
10000 oyfhka fn¥ úg 1000 10000 ä10 = 1000
1000 oyfhka fn¥ úg 100 1000 ä 10 = 100
100 oyfhka fn¥ úg 10 100 ä 10 = 10
10 oyfhka fn¥ úg 1 10 ä 10 = 1
f,i lshjñka l¿,E,af,a ,shkak'

145
 ² my; ixLHd o oyfhka fn¥ úg ms<s;=re ,efnk wdldrh fmkajkak'
10 oyfhka fn¥ úg 1 10 ä 10 = 1
20 oyfhka fn¥ úg 2 20 ä 10 = 2
30 oyfhka fn¥ úg 3 30 ä 10 = 3
''
''
90 oyfhka fn¥ úg 9 90 ä 10 = 9
tf,i u
100 oyfhka fn¥ úg 10 100 ä 10 = 10
200 oyfhka fn¥ úg 20 200 ä 20 = 10
''
''
900 oyfhka fn¥ úg 90 ,efnk nj fmkajd fokak' l¿,E,af,a ,shkak'
² my; .eg¨j isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
) brgq ye;a;Emylska oyfha brgq ñá lShla ieÈh yels o @ brgq lShla b;=re
fõ o @
) 75" 10ka fnod ms<s;=r ,nd .kakd nj fmkajd fokak'
7 brgq ñá .Kk 7la iy brgq 5la b;=re jk
10 75 nj fmkajd fokak'
70
5

² b,lalï ;=fka ixLHdjla 10ka fn§fï .eg¨jla o bÈßm;a lr isik

q a iu. idlÉPd
lrñka úi|kak'
Wod ( yd,a 528 kglska yd,a 10 kg u¨ lShla ielish yels o@ fldmuK b;=re o@

mshjr 2 (
² isik
q a lKavdhï lr by; wdldrfha b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 10ka fn§fï
.eg¨ lsyms hla úi£ug wjia:dj fokak'

mshjr 3 (
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² ;lafiare lsÍu i|yd wNHdi we;=<;a mejreï m;a iy fm<fmdf;ys wNHdi fhdod
.kak'

146
 29 frdau ixLHdxl
ksmqK;dj ( ² frdau ixLHdxl Ndú; lrhs'
- i isg xx f;la frdau ixLHdxl y÷kd f.k Ndú; lrhs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² i isg xx f;la frdau ixLHdxl lshjhs'

² i isg xx f;la frdau ixLHdxl ,shhs'

jdxud,dj (
² frdau ixLHdxl ² yskaÿ wrdì ixLHdxl

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² 1 isg 10 f;la yskaÿ wrdì ixLHdxl ,shk ,o ixLHd m;a lÜg,hla
1 " 2 " 3 " ' ' ' " 10
² 1 isg 20 f;la yskaÿ wrdì ixLHdxl ,shk ,o ixLHd m;a lÜg,hla
1 " 2 " ' ' ' " 20
² 11 isg 20 f;la yskÿa wrdì ixLHdxl ,shQ lvodis ;Srejla ^;rul úYd,
m%udKfha&
² lKavdhï l%shdldrlï i|yd my; wdldrfha ixLHd m;a lÜg,
) 1 isg 10 f;la
) 1 isg 20 f;la
) i isg x f;la
) i isg xx f;la

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( tfla isg oyh f;la yskaÿ wrdì ixLHdxlhg wod< frdau ixLHdxlh;a
frdau ixLHdxlhg wod< yskaÿ wrdì ixLHdxlh;a y÷kd .ekSu'
mshjr 1 (
² frdau ixLHdxl iy yskÿa wrdì ixLHdxl f,i ixLHdxl foj¾.hla 4 fY%‚
a fha §
W.;a nj isyms ;a lrkak'
² ieu fm<fmd;l u msgq wxlkh lr we;s whqre isik q g
a ksÍlaIKh lsÍug i,iajd
tu fmd;aj, uq,a msgq frdau ixLHdxlj,ska o" wka;¾.;h wdrïN jk ia:dkfha
isg yskÿa wrdì ixLHdxlj,ska o wxlkh lr we;s whqre ms<n s | wjOdkh fhduq
lrkak'
² 1 isg 10 f;la yskÿa wrdì ixLHdxl wkqm<
s f
s j<ska ,E,af,a my<g igyka lrkak'
² tu ixLHdxl bÈßfhka ,E,af,a Bg wod< frdau ixLHdxlh igyka lsÍug isik
q g
a
wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

147
 ² isik
q a frdau ixLHdxlh ,shk wdldrh fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lrkak' tu ixLHdxlj,
rgdj ms<ns | isiq wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
Wod ( 4 - 5 - 6 iv - v - vi

1 - i
2 - ii
3 - iii
4 - iv
5 - v
6 - vi
7 - vii
8 - viii
9 - ix
10 - x
² oeka 1 isg 10 f;la ixLHd m;a lÜg,hla fïih u; ;nd tla isij
q l=g tla ixLHd
m; ne.ska wyUq f,i ,nd .ekSug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
² tu ,nd.;a ixLHd m; ,E,af,a$mqjrejl m%o¾Ykh lr thg wod< frdau ixLHdxlh
bÈßfhka ,shd oelaùug fhduq lrkak'
² ta wdldrfhka isiq iyNd.s;ajh iys; j ixLHd m;a ish,a, wjika jk f;la
l%shdldrlu isÿ lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
² 1 isg 10 f;la yskaÿ wrdì ixLHdxl ,shQ ixLHd m;a o i - x f;la frdau
ixLHdxl ,shQ ixLHd m;a o iys; ldâ m;a lÜg,hla iy A4 lvodish ne.ska
isiq lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'
² tu lÜg,fhka jrlg tla ixLHd m; ne.ska ,nd .ekSug Wmfoia fokak'
frdau ixLHdxlhla ,enqfKa kï th lvodisfha igyka lr Bg wod< yskÿa wrdì
ixLHdxlh o" yskÿa wrdì ixLHdxlhla ,enqfKa kï Bg wod< frdau ixLHdxlh
o igyka lsÍug fhduq lrkak'
Wod (
1 - i

3 - iii

8 - viii

10 - x

9 - ix

148
 ² tf,i ixLHd m;a ish,a, wjika jk f;la lKavdhfï ieu isij
q l=g u wjia:dj
,efnk mßÈ l%h
s dldrlfï kshe<Sug isik
q a fhduq lrkak'

l%shdldrlu 2 ( 11 isg 20 f;la frdau ixLHdxl lshùu yd ,sùu'

mshjr 1 (
² fmr l%shdldrlfï § isÿ l< i - x f;la frdau ixLHdxl ,sùu isysm;a lrkak'
^,E,af,a kej; ,shd olajkak'&
² 11 isg 20 f;la yskaÿ wrdì ixLHdxl my<g ,shQ ixLHd ;Srejla Bg mfilska
m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
² ta ta ixLHdxlh bÈßfhka Bg wod< frdau ixLHdxl ,shk whqre fmkajkak'

1 - i 11 - xi
2 - ii 12 - xii
3 - iii 13 - xiii
4 - iv 14 - xiv
5 - v 15 - xv
6 - vi 16 - xvi
7 - vii 17 - xvii
8 - viii 18 - xviii
9 - ix 19 - xix
10 - x 20 - xx

² tys rgdj ms<sn| isiq wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

Wod ( ) 10 i|yd x ixLHdxlh o thg tlla fmr ixLHdj tkï 9 i|yd ix"
10g tlla miq ixLHdj tkï tfld<y i|yd xi o fhfok nj
) tmßÈ u" xiv - xv - xvi wjia:dj
) xi isg xx f;la frdau ixLHdxl ,sùfï § x g miqj ms<sfj<ska i isg
x f;la kej; igyka jk nj ^x" xi" xii" xiii" ' ' ' " xx&
² 1 isg 20 f;la yskaÿ wrdì ixLHdxl iys; ixLHd m;a lÜg,hla ilid .kak'
² isiqjl= bÈßhg le|jd yskaÿ wrdì ixLHdxl ,shQ ixLHd m;aj,ska tla ixLHd
m;la wyUq f,i f;dard f.k mqjrefõ /|ùug mjikak'
² Bg wod< frdau ixLHdxlh ta bÈßfhka ,sùug ;j;a isiqjl=g wjia:dj ,nd
fokak'
² ta wdldrfhka 1 - 20 f;la ish¨ ixLHd m;a bÈßfhka frdau ixLHdxl ,shfjk
f;la l%shdldrlu isÿ lrkak'

149
mshjr 2 (
² isiq lKavdhïj,g 1 - 20 f;la ixLHd m;a lÜg,hla o" i - xx f;la ixLHd
m;a lÜg,hla o" A4 m%udKfha >k lvodish o ne.ska ,nd fokak'
² ta ta isiq lKavdhu ms,a 2lg fnod tla ms,la ixLHd m;a lÜg,fhka tla ixLHd
m;la f.k wfkla ms,g fmkaùug;a" wfkla msf,ys isik q a úiska ixLHd mf;a
oelafjk ixLHdjg wod< yskÿa wrdì ixLHdxlh fyda frdau ixLHdxlh fyda
lvodisfha ,shd oelaùug;a fhduq lrkak'
Wod (
10 - x

² bka miq ixLHd m;la f;dard fmkaùfï wjia:dj lKavdhfï wfkla ms,g ysñ
fõ'
² fï wdldrfhka ish¨ ixLHd m;a wjika jk f;la l%h
s dldrlu isÿ lsÍug isik
q g
a
wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fhdod .kak'

150
 30 nr uekSu - 2

ksmqK;dj ( ² nr uekSu wdY%s; .eg¨ úi|hs'

- jia;=j, nr wdY%s; ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² .a?ï iy lsf,da.a?ï tall we;=<;a f.k hdu iys; ir, .=K lsÍfï
.eg¨ úi|hs'
² .a?ï iy lsf,da.?
a ï tall we;=<;a ir, fn§fï .eg¨ úi|hs'

jdxud,dj (
² .a?ï ² lsf,da.a?ï ² .=K lsÍu ² fn§u

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² tla tla l%shdldrlï hgf;a i|yka wdldrfha
) mejreï m;a
) .eg¨ we;=<;a m;%sld

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( .a?ï iy lsf,da.a?ï tall we;=<;a ir, .=K lsÍfï .eg¨ úi£u'
fuys § 2 iy 3ka muKla .=K lsÍfï wjia:d fhdod .kak'
mshjr 1 (
² ufkdauh .‚;h i|yd .a?ï" lsf,da.?
a ï tall mßj¾;khg iy ;ks b,lalfï
ixLHd 2 iy 3ka .=K lsÍug wod< m%Yak fhdod .kak'
Wod ( ) .a?ï 3000la lsf,da.a?u lSh o @
) .a?u 500 tajd 2la lsf,da.a?u lSh o @
) lsf,da.a?ï tlyudf¾ tajd folla lSh o @
² isiqkag my; wdldrfha .eg¨jla bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( tlla 2 kg 300gla ne.ska nr yd,a u¨ foll uq¿ nr fldmuK o @
² isiqka fuhg fmr lsf,da.a?u yd .a?u tall we;=<;a tl;= lsÍï isÿ lr we;s
neúka m<uqj 2 kg 300 g tajd 2la tl;= lsÍu u.ska ms<s;=r ,nd .; yels nj
fmkajd fokak'
tkï" kg g
2 300
+ 2 300

4 600

² fuh 2ka .=K lsÍu u.ska o ms<s;=r ,nd .; yels nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

151
 Wod ( kg g
2 300
« 2

4 600

² tall mßj¾;khla iys; .eg¨jla o úi|k wdldrh mshjfrka mshjr meyeÈ,s

lr fokak'
Wod ( tll nr 15 kg 500 gla jk iudk nfrka hq;= msá f.daks foll uq¿ nr
fidhkak'
kg g
15 500
« 2

31 000
1
msá f.daks fofla uq¿ nr = 31 kg
² fï whqßka u nr m%udK 3ka .=K lsÍug wod< .eg¨jla o isiqka iyNd.s lr
.ksñka úi|kak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqka lKavdhï lr úúO nr m%udK 2ka iy 3ka .=K lsÍug wod< .eg¨
iys; m;%sld fnod fokak'
² lKavdhfï ish¨ fokd u tl;= ù idlÉPd lr ;ukag ,enqKq m;%sldfõ we;s
.eg¨j wNHdi fmdf;a ,shd úi£ug lshkak' lKavdhfï ish¨ fokdg u
tl u ms<s;=r ^ksjerÈ& ,enqKd o hkak ;yjqre lr .ekSug lshkak'
² lKavdhï w;r .eg¨ iys; m;%sld yqjudre lr .ksñka tjeks .eg¨ 4la j;a
úi£ug wjia:dj fokak'
² wjYH isiqka i|yd u. fmkaùï lrkak'

l%shdldrlu 2 ( .a?ï iy lsf,da.a?ï tall we;=<;a ir, .=K lsÍfï .eg¨ úi£u
;jÿrg;a
² l%h
s dldrlu 1 whqßka úúO nr m%udK 4ka iy 5ka .=K lsÍug wod< .eg¨
úi£ug isik q g
a wjia:dj ,efnk fia iqÿiq l%h
s dldrlula ie,iqï lr f.k
l%h
s d;aul lrkak'
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug isik
q g
a wjia:dj fokak'

l%shdldrlu 3 ( .a?ï iy lsf,da.?

a ï tall we;=<;a ir, fn§fï .eg¨ úi£u' fuys § tall
mßj¾;k rys; j 2ka iy 3ka fn§ug wod< .eg¨ muKla fhdod .kak'
mshjr 1 (
² ufkdauh j úi|d ms<s;=re ,nd §u i|yd 2ka iy 3ka fn§ug wod< ir, .eg¨
lsysmhla isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'

152
 Wod ( ) 15" ;=fkka fn¥ úg ms<s;=r lSh o @
) 20" foflka fn¥ úg ms<s;=r lSh o @
) 20ys fofla tajd lSh o @
² .a?ï iy lsf,da.a?ï tall we;=<;a 2ka fyda 3ka fyda fn§fï .eg¨jla úi|k
wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
Wod ( nr iudk md¾i,a foll uq¿ nr 6 kg 500 gls' tla md¾i,hl nr lSh o @
3 kg 250 g
2 6 kg 500 g
6
0 500
4
10
10
00
0 tla md¾i,hl nr = 2 kg 250g

² by; wdldrhg 3ka fn§fï .eg¨jla o meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
² isiqkag lKavdhï jYfhka tl;= ù by; wdldrfha .eg¨ lsysmhla úi£ug
wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
² isiqyq ksjerÈ j .eg¨ lshjd wjfndaO lr f.k úi|;a o hkak úuid n,kak'

mshjr 3 (
² fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

l%shdldrlu 4 iy 5 ( .a?ï iy lsf,da.?

a ï tall we;=<;a fn§fï .eg¨ úi£u ;jÿrg;a
² l%h
s dldrlu 3ys oelafjk whqßka úúO nr m%udK 4ka iy 5ka fn§u we;=<;a ir,
.eg¨ úi£u isik q g
a y÷kajd §ug iqÿiq l%h
s dldrlula ie,iqï lr .kak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² .eg¨ we;=<;a mejreï m;a iy isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fhdod .kak'

153
 31 ixLHd rgd - 2
ksmqK;dj ( ² ixLHd rgd f.dv k.hs'
- fmdÿ wkqmd;h 2 isg 5 f;la jQ ixLHd rgd f.dvk.hs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² fmdÿ wkqmd;h 2 isg 5 f;la jQ ixLHd rgdjl rgdj y÷kd f.k tu
ixLHd rgdj ;jÿrg;a f.dvk.hs'
² fmdÿ wkqmd;h 2 isg 5 f;la jQ ixLHd rgd f.dvk.hs'

jdxud,dj (
² ixLHd rgd ² .=K lsÍu

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² l%shdldrlïj, olajd we;s ixLHd m;a
² l%shdldrlïj, i|yka mejreï m;a

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( fmdÿ wkqmd;h 2 jQ ixLHd rgd f.dvke.Su' ^fmdÿ wkqmd;h jpkh
isiqkag y÷kajd §u wjYH fkdfõ'&
mshjr 1 (
² fmdÿ wka;rh 2 jQ ixLHd rgdjla isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( 1" 3" 5" 7" 9
² fuys rgdj l=ula o hkak y÷kdf.k B<Õg tk ixLHd lsysmhla m%ldY
lsÍug wjia:dj fokak' fmdÿ wka;rh 2 jk ;j;a rgd lsysmhl B<Õg tk
ixLHd y÷kdf.k m%ldY lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'
² B<Õg fmdÿ wkqmd;h 2 jk rgdjla ,shkak'
Wod ( 1" 2" 4" 8" 16" 32
² fuys rgdj y÷kd .ekSug yels oehs isiqkaf.ka úuikak'
² Tjqkag is;Su i|yd hïlsis ld,hla ,nd § rgdfõ m<uqjk ixLHdj iy
fojk ixLHdj" fojk ixLHdj iy ;=ka jk ixLHdj jYfhka hdno ixLHd
w;r iïnkaOh y÷kd .ekSug isiqkag u. fmkajkak'
² fï wkqj fmr ixLHdj 2ka .=K lsÍfuka miq ixLHdj ,shd we;s nj y÷kd
.ekSug fhduq lrkak'
² B<Õg tk ixLHd lsysmhla isiqkaf.ka úuid ,shkak'
² fjk;a ixLHdjlska wdrïN lr ixLHd rgdjla ,shd tys § bÈßhg ixLHd
lsysmhla m%ldY lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'
Wod ( 3" 6" 12" ' ' '" ' ' '" ' ' '

154
mshjr 2 (
² mka;sfha isiqka miafokd fyda ifokd fyda ne.ska jk lKavdhïj,g fjka
lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug 1 isg 9 f;la jQ ixLHd m;a lÜg,h ne.ska ,nd fokak'
² ixLHd m;a ixLHd fkdfmfkk fia yrjd fïih u; ;eîug lshkak'
² tla isiqjl=g thska ixLHd m;la f.k tys we;s ixLHdj lKavdhfï wfkla
whg fmkaùug lshkak' th m<uq jk ixLHdj nj mjikak'
² bka miq wfkla isiqjdg m<uq ixLHdj 2ka .=K lsÍug mjikak' tu ,enqK
ixLHdj B<Õ isiqjdg kej; 2ka .=K lsÍug mjikak' fï wdldrhg ,efnk
ixLHdj 2ka .=K lr ixLHd rgdjla ,nd .ekSug ish¨ u isiqkag wjia:dj
,nd fokak' tu rgdj wNHdi fmdf;a ,shd .ekSug lshkak'
² oeka m<uq isiqjd .;a ixLHd m; bj;a lr fmr mßÈ u fjk;a isiqjl=g wfkla
ixLHd m;aj,ska tlla .ekSug lshkak' tu ixLHdj m<uq jk ixLHdj f,i
f.k ^fmdÿ wkqmd;h 2 jk& fmr mßÈ u ;j;a rgdjla f.dvke.Sug lshkak'
th o wNHdi fmd;aj, ,shd .ekSug lshkak'
² fuf,i ixLHd m;a f;dard .ekSug ieu isiqjl=g u wjia:dj ,efnk f;la
l%shdldrlu lsÍug fhduq lrkak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi i|yd isiqka fhduq lrkak'

l%shdldrlu 2 ( fmdÿ wkqmd;h 3 jk ixLHd rgd f.dvke.Su'

mshjr 1 (
² fmr l%shdldrlfuys § bf.k .;a ixLHd rgd ms<sn| j kej; u;la lrkak'
Wod ( ) fmdÿ wkqmd;h 2 jk ixLHd rgdjla ,shd tys rgdj y÷kd f.k
bÈßhg tk ixLHd lsysmhla mjik f,i isiqkag lshkak'
² fmdÿ wkqmd;h 3 jk rgdjla bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( 3" 9" 27" 81
² tu rgdfõ tl <Õ msysá ixLHd 2la w;r we;s iïnkaOh y÷kd .ekSug
isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'
² tys fmr ixLHdj 3ka .=K lsÍfuka miq ixLHdj ,eî we;s nj y÷kd .ekSug
i,iajkak'
² tjeks ;j;a rgdjla bÈßm;a lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
² mka;sfha isiqka l=vd lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug 1 isg 5 f;la ixLHd m;a lÜg,h ne.ska ,nd § l%shdldrlu
1ys § fuka fmdÿ wkqmd;h 3 jk ixLHd rgd f.dvke.Sug lshkak'

155
mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'

l%shdldrlu 3 ( fmdÿ wkqmd;h 4 jk ixLHd rgd f.dvke.Su'

² fmdÿ wkqmd;h 2 iy 3 jk ixLHd rgd y÷kajd ÿka wdldrfhka u fmdÿ
wkqmd;h 4 jk ixLHd rgd y÷kajd fokak'
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fhdod .kak'

l%shdldrlu 4 ( fmdÿ wkqmd;h 5 jk ixLHd rgd f.dvke.Su'

² fmdÿ wkqmd;h 5 jk ixLHd rgd ms<sn| wjfndaOh ,nd §ug iqÿiq l%shdldrlula
ie,iqï lr .kak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² hï ixLHdjla m%ldY lr th wdrïNl ixLHdj f,i f.k rgd f.dvke.Sug fokak'
² rgd bÈßm;a lr tu rgdj y÷kd f.k bÈßhg f.dvke.Sug fokak'
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fhdod .kak'

156
 32 fldaK" ie,iqï yd mßudK rEm

ksmqK;dj ( ² RcqfldaK" ir, f¾Ld iy ;,rEm w¢hs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² mßirfha we;s jia;=j, odr RcqfldaaŒ j yuq jk wjia:d weiqfrka

RcqfldaK yevh y÷kdf.k olajhs'
² jia;=jl fyda ;,hl fyda uq,a,la RcqfldaK yevhla yd iei£fuka
RcqfldaK jk nj fyda fkdjk nj fyda y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs'
² mßirfha we;s jia;=j, olakg ,efnk fldaKj,ska RcqfldaKhg
jvd úYd, fldaK iy l=vd fldaK fjka lr olajhs'
² RcqfldaK w¢hs'
² jia;j
= l ^>klh$>kldNh& È. iy m<, uek fldgq Ndú;fhka
ie,eiau w¢hs'

jdxud,dj (
² fldaK ² RcqfldaK ² RcqfldaK fkdjk fldaK
² È. ² m<, ² ie,eiau

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² >kl iy >kldN yevfha fmÜá
² ieu isiqjl=g u tlla ne.ska jk fia l=vd fmÜá
^Wod ( .sksfmÜá$inka fmÜá$o;a fnfy;a fmÜá&
² lvodisj,ska ilid.;a 12 cm/15 cm muK m%udKfha úIalïNh iys;
jD;a;dldr yev
² l=vd fldaÿ ^fikaáógr fldaÿ&
² 6 cm x 6 cm iup;=ri% wdldrfha ysveia m;a
² ,S fyda >k lvodishlska fyda lmd.;a iup;=ri% fyda RcqfldaKdi%
fyda yev

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( RcqfldaKh y÷kajd §u'
mshjr 1 (
² >kl fyda >kldN fyda yevfha fmÜáhla isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
² tys ,laIK ms<sn| j u;la lrkak'
² uqyqK;aj, yevh l=ula oehs úuikak'
² tys iup;=ri%dldr$RcqfldaKdi%dldr uqyqK;aj, we;s uq¨j, yevh ms<sn| j
isiqkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

157
 ² iup;=ri%fha$RcqfldaKdi%fha we;s tjeks uq,,
a la RcqfldaKhla f,i y÷kajd
fokak'
² ieu isiqjl=g u iup;=ri%dldr fyda RcqfldaKdi%dldr yevfha uqyqK;a iys;
l=vd fmÜáh ne.ska ,nd fokak'
² tu fmÜáj, uqyqK;aj, we;s RcqfldaK yevfha uq¨ y÷kd .ekSug isiqka
fhduq lrkak'
² isiqka tlsfkld <Õ we;s fmÜáj, RcqfldaK uq¨ tl <Õ ;nd ii|d ne,Sug
wjia:dj fokak'
² ieu isiqjl=g u 12cm/15cm muK m%udKfha úIalïNh iys; jD;a; yevfha
lvodish ne.ska fnod fokak'
² oeka tu lvodish RcqfldaK uq,a,la ,efnk whqßka ksjerÈ j kjk wdldrh
wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
Wod (

o o

² jD;a;h y;rg keuQ úg RcqfldaK uq,a,la ,eî we;s nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

² isiqjl= mka;sh bÈßhg le|jd fmkajkq ,nk jia;=jl uq,a,la u; tu
RcqfldaK uq,a, ;nd iei£ug wjia:dj fokak'
² wfkla isiqkag o ;uka ks¾udKh l< RcqfldaK uq,a, ;uka <Õ we;s
fmÜáj, uq¨j,g ;nd ii|d ne,Sug lshkak'
² RcqfldaK uq,, a la rys; jia;j
= lg o th ;nd iei£ug wjia:dj fokak'
^isik
q f
a .a iuyr mekai,a fmÜáj, uq¨$fïij, uq¨ ljdldr j ;sìh yels h'&

mshjr 2 (
² mka;sfha isiqka l=vd lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² mka;s ldurh iy ióm mßirh ;=< we;s jia;j
= , uq¨ u; Tjqka úiska ilik ,o
RcqfldaK uq,,
a ;nd RcqfldaK uq¨ iys; jia;k+ a y÷kd .kakd f,i lshkak'
² tu f;dr;=re my; wdldrfha j.=jl igyka lrñka jd¾;d lr .ekSug fhduq
lrkak'
Wod (
jia;=j RcqfldaK we; RcqfldaK ke;
l¿,E,a, —

² j.=fõ igyka lreKq uq¿ mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug lKavdhï jYfhka wjia:dj
,nd fokak' tajdfha ksjerÈ;dj ms<sn| mÍlaIdldÍ jkak'
158
l%shdldrlu 2 ( RcqfldaK we£u
mshjr 1 (
² fmr l%shdldrlfuys § RcqfldaK y÷kd.;a wdldrh isysm;a lrkak'
² isiqka y÷kd.;a RcqfldaK iys; jia;= lsysmhla kï lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'
² fldgq iys; lvodishla ,E,a,l r|jd f.k fyda l¿,E,af,a fldgq we| .kak'
² tu fldgq u; RcqfldaKhla w¢k wdldrh wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
Wod (

² isiqka fmr Èkfha ilia lr .kakd ,o RcqfldaK uq,a, ;nd th RcqfldaKhla

nj y÷kd .ekSug wjia:dj fokak'
² fldgq lvodish bj;a lrkak' oeka RcqfldaKhla w¢kafka flfia oehs isiqkag
m%ldY lsÍug wjia:dj fokak' ^isiqkaf.a fhdackd o l%shd;aul lr n,kak'&
² oeka ysveia m;la isiqkag bÈßm;a lr tys uq¨j, yev ms<sn| j úuikak'
² uq¨j, yevh RcqfldaKhla nj ;yjqre lrjkak'
² tu ysveia m; ;nd tys odr Tiafia RcqfldaKhla w¢k wdldrh fmkajkak'
² ysveia m; úúO wdldrhg ;nñka úúO bßhjqj, msysá RcqfldaK we¢h yels
nj fmkajd fokak'
Wod (

^fuys ysveia m; fkdue;s kï >k lvodishlska fyda ,Sj,ska fyda ilik

,o iup;=ri% fyda RcqfldaKdi% fyda yevhla fhdodf.k o RcqfldaK we¢h
yels h'&

mshjr 2 (
² mka;sfha isiqka l=vd lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug A4 m%udKfha lvodishla iy ysveia m;la ne.ska ,nd fokak'
² ysveia m; wdOdrfhka fok ,o lvodisfhys by; wdldrfhka bßhjq lsysmhl
msysá RcqfldaK we£ug lshkak'
² tla tla lKavdhu we¢ RcqfldaK mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'

159
mshjr 3 (
² ;ukaf.a wNHdi fmdf;ys my; wdldrfha RcqfldaK lsysmhla we£ug lshkak'
Wod (

² >k ldâfndaâ tllska lmk ,o RcqfldaKdi% yevhla fyda ysveia m;la fyda
fhdodf.k fjk;a msysàï lsysmhl RcqfldaK o wNHdi fmdf;ys we£ug fokak'
Wod (

l%shdldrlu 3 ( RcqfldaKhlg jvd úYd, iy l=vd fldaK y÷kd .ekSu'

mshjr 1 (
² fmr l%shdldrlfuys § RcqfldaK iys; jia;= iy RcqfldaK we¢ whqre isysm;a
lrkak'
² mka;s ldurfha hï øjHhla fyda ia:dkhla fyda wdOdrfhka RcqfldaKhlg jvd
l=vd fldaK y÷kajd fokak'
² tjeks msysàï lsysmhla we| fmkajkak'
Wod (

² RcqfldaK yevhla by; fldaKj,g ;nd tajd RcqfldaKhlg jvd l=vd nj

y÷kd .ekSug wjia:dj fokak'
² fï wdldrhg u RcqfldaKhg jvd úYd, fldaK o y÷kajd fokak'

mshjr 2 (
² mka;sfha isiqka lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² mka;s ldurfha iy ióm mßirfha we;s RcqfldaKhlg jvd úYd, iy
RcqfldaKhlg jvd l=vd fldaK iys; jia;= y÷kd .ekSug lshkak'

160
 ² RcqfldaK yevhg ilik ,o lvodis uq,a, fhdod f.k by; jia;= iu.
ixikaokh lr ne,Sug fhduq lrkak'
² Tjqka y÷kd .;a RcqfldaKhlg jvd úYd, iy l=vd fldaK iys; jia;=j,
,ehsia;=jla ms<sfh< lsÍug lshkak'
² tla tla lKavdhï fidhd .;a foa mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj fokak' tajd
ksjerÈ oehs ieu fokd u ksÍlaIKh lr ;yjqre lr .kak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi i|yd isiqka fhduq lrkak'

l%shdldrlu 4 ( ;, iys; jia;=jl ie,eiau we£u

mshjr 1 (
² wdikak jYfhka 30 cm È. iy 20 cm m<, fmÜáhla isiqka ish¨ fokdg u
fmfkk ia:dkhl mka;sh bÈßfha ;nkak'
² fuu fmÜáfha bÈß fmkqu" me;s fmkqu iy ie,eiau ms<sn| j úuikak'
Wod (
ie,eiau
p
mme;s fmkqu
bÈß fmkqu o

² isiqka lsysmfofkl= bÈßhg le|jd bÈß fmkqu me;s fmkqu iy ie,eiau

fmkaùug lshkak'
² fmÜáh ;nd we;s wdldrh fjkia lr fyda tjeks fjk;a fmÜáhla fhdodf.k
bÈß fmkqu" me;s fmkqu iy ie,eiau y÷kd .ekSug isiqka fhduq lrkak'
² fmÜáfhys ie,eiafuys yevh ms<sn| isiqkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
² tu yevh we| fmkaùug leue;af;ka bÈßm;a jk isiqjl=g wjia:dj fokak'
^ksjerÈ j u we£u wjYH fkdfõ'&
² th RcqfldaKdi%dldr yevhla nj y÷kd .ekSug i,iajkak'
² fuu yevh fmÜáfhys ie,eiafuys È. iy m<, uek .ekSfuka miq ksjerÈ j
we¢h yels nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² isiqka o iyNd.s lrf.k tu fmÜáfha È. iy m<, wdikak fikaáógrhg
ukskak'
² tu ñkqï l¿,E,af,a ,shkak'
Wod ( È. } 30 cm
m<, } 20 cm
² fldgq iys; lvodishla ,E,af,a r|jd fyda l¿,E,af,a w¢k ,o fldgq cd,h u;
mßudKhg wkqj ie,eiau w¢k whqre wdo¾Ykh lrkak'

161
 ² fuys § tla fikaáógrhla tla fldgqjlska ksrEmKh l< yels nj lshkak'
Wod ( 30 cm i|yd fldgq 30ls'
20 cm i|yd fldgq 20ls'
² ,nd .;a ñkqï wkqj fmÜáfha ie,eiau fldgq lvodisfha we£fï § fldaÿjla
Ndú; lrkak'
² w¢k ,o ie,eiau ms<sn| j isiqkaf.ka m%Yak lsysmhla wikak
Wod ( ) w¢k ,o rEmh l=ula o @
) tys yevh l=ula o @
) ie,eiafï È.$m<, fldmuK o @
) ie,eiafï È. me;af;a fldgq lSh o @ thska fldmuK È.la oelafõ o @
) ie,eiafï m<, me;af;a fldgq lSh o@ thska fldmuK È.la oelafjhs
o@

mshjr 2
² isiqka fofokd ne.ska lKavdhï lrkak'
² tla tla lKavdhug >kldN yevfha l=vd fmÜáh ne.ska ,nd fokak'
² fmÜáh fïih u; ;nd ie,eiau fmkaùug fhduq lrkak'
² fofokd u tl;= ù fmÜáfha ie,eiafuys È. yd m<, uek idlÉPd lr wdikak
fikaáógrhg ksjerÈ È. yd m<, Tjqkaf.a wNHdi fmdf;ys ,shd .ekSug
lshkak'
² ;SrKh l< ñkqïj,g wkqj fldgq .Kka lrñka ie,eiau wNHdi fmdf;ys
we£ug fhduq lrkak'
² ie,eiau we£fï § fldaÿj Ndú; lrk w;r f¾Ld meyeÈ,s j we¢h hq;= nj
lshkak'
² isik
q a l%h
s dldrlfuys fhfok w;r;=r tla tla lKavdhug f.dia Tjqyq ksjerÈ j
È." m<, uek ie,eiau w¢;a oehs fidhd n,kak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² mejreï iy fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fhdod .kak'

162
 33 o;a; yeisrùu - 2

ksmqK;dj ( ² úúO ld, igyka" j.= yd m%ia;dr lshjhs'

- úúO ld, igyka iy j.= lshjhs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² ld, igyklska ksrEms; f;dr;=re lshjhs'

² j.=jlska bÈßm;a lr we;s o;a; ú.%y lrhs'

jdxud,dj (
² ld, igyk ² j.=j ² o;a;
² f;dr;=re ² fõ,dj

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² úúO jevigyka i|yd ilia lrk ,o ld, igyka
Wod ( l%Svd W;aij" ÿïßh Odjk" nia Odjk
² úúO f;dr;=re we;=<;a j.=

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( ld, igyklska ksrEms; f;dr;=re lshùu'
mshjr 1 (
² mka;sfha W.kajk tla tla úIhhka iy ld, mßÉfþo ^fõ,dj iu.& i|yka
mka;s ld,igyk isiqka ieu fokdg u fmfkk m%udKfhka ilia lr .kak'
^mka;s ld,igykla fkdue;s kï ijk fY%a‚fha isiqkaf.a ld,igykla fyda
tjeks ld,igykla fyda ilia lr .kak'&
² tys i|yka f;dr;=re ms<sn| j isiqka iu. idlÉPd lrkak'
Wod ( ) mdi, wdrïN jk fõ,dj
) úfõlh i|yd fjka lrk ,o ld,h
² isiqka oel we;s ld,igyka Ndú; jk fjk;a wjia:d ms<sn| j úuikak'
² my; wdldrfha wjia:djl Ndú; jk ld, igykla o isiqkag m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
Wod ( ) ÿïßh$nia Odjk ld, igyka
) ;E.s fnod §u fyda l%v
S d W;aij fyda jeks wjia:dj, § Ndú; jk ld,
igyka
² tu ld, igyfka we;=<;a úúO wx. iy fõ,dj$ld,h ms<sn| j isiqkaf.a
wjOdkh fhduq jk whqßka m%Yak wikak'
Wod ( nia Odjk ld, igykla kï"
) nia r: .uka wrUk fõ,dj
) nia r: meñfKk fõ,dj lshùug yels jk whqßka m%Yak wikak'

163
mshjr 2 (
² mka;sfha isiqka lKavdhï lr tla tla lKavdhug by; iïm;aj, i|yka
wdldrfha ld,igykla ne.ska ,nd fokak'
² lKavdhfï ish¨ fokd u tl;= ù tys i|yka f;dr;=re lshùug fhduq lrkak'
² ld,igyfka f;dr;=re we;=<;a j.ka;s lsym
s hla Tjqkfa .a wNHdi fmd;aj, ,sùug
i,iajkak'
Wod ( ) uykqjr hk ÿïßh msg;a jkafka fm'j' 6'00g h'
) l%Svd W;aijh wjika jkafka m'j' 6'00g h'
² lKavdhï w;r ld,igyka yqjudre lr .ksñka lshùug isik
q g
a wjia:dj fokak'
² tla tla lKavdhu <Õg f.dia isiqyq ksjerÈ j ld,igyka lshj;a o hkak m%Yak
weiSfuka ;yjqre lr.kak'

mshjr 3 (
² mej;s fyda meje;aùug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk fyda hïlsis W;aijhla i|yd f;dr;=re
we;=<;a ld,igykla ks¾udKh lsÍug isiq lKavdhï fhduq lrkak'

l%shdldrlu 2 ( j.=jlska bÈßm;a lr we;s o;a; lshùu'

mshjr 1 (
² m%ia;dr we£fï § j.=j, f;dr;=re igyka lsÍu iy f;dr;=re lshùu isÿ l<
wdldrh isysm;a lsÍu i|yd tjeks j.=jla fhdod .kak'
² tu f;dr;=re lshùug fhduq lsÍu i|yd isiqkaf.ka m%Yak wikak'
² Y%S ,xldfõ k.r lsysmhla w;r ÿr i|yka my; j.=j isiqkag m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
tu k.r we;=<;a j m%Odk k.r ,l=Kq lrk ,o is;shula o fhdod .kak'
Wod (
wkqrdOmqr

nÿ,a, 270
r;akmqr 128 238
fld<U 101 229 205
uykqjr 115 147 133 138
hdmkh 318 394 419 451 194
yïnkaf;dg 542 243 237 123 133 362
uvl,mqj 259 376 186 286 294 166 195
mq;a;,u 269 328 267 128 131 205 261 74

² by; j.=fõ igyka k.r msysá ia:dk is;shfuys fmkajkak'

² j.=fõ k.r w;r ÿr i|yka lr we;af;a lsf,daógrj,ska nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² fuu j.=j Ndú; lr k.r folla w;r ÿr fidhk wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² kï lrk k.r folla w;r ÿr fiùug isiqjl=g mjrkak' ksjerÈ j fma<sh yd
;Srh Èf.a weÕs,a, f.k hñka ÿr fidhd .;a wdldrh mka;sfha wfkla isiqkag
fmkajk f,i wehg$Tyqg lshkak'
164
 ² isiqka lsysm fofkl=g wjia:dj fokak'
Wod ( ) uvl,mqfõ isg fld<Ug ÿr 286 km
) mq;a;,u isg uykqjrg ÿr 128 km
² fuu j.=j u.ska tla k.rhl isg ;j;a k.rhla yryd fjk;a k.rhlg
we;s ÿr fiúh yels nj o fmkajd fokak' ta i|yd my; wdldrfha .eg¨jla
Wmfhda.s lr .kak'
Wod ( uvl,mqj isg kqjrg f.dia nÿ,a,g .uka lrk mqoa.,hl= .uka lrk
uq¿ ÿr fldmuK o @
uvl,mqj o uykqjr onÿ,a,
186 km 133 km

tu ksid .uka l< uq¿ ÿr = 186 km + 133 km

= 319 km

mshjr 2 (
² mka;sfha isiqka lKavdhï lrkak'
² ieu lKavdhulg u by; i|yka j.=j ne.ska fokak' j.=j lshjd my; i|yka
wdldrfha m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re fiùug fhduq lrkak'
Wod ( ¸' fld<U isg r;akmqrg we;s ÿr fldmuK o @ 101 km
¸¸' yïnkaf;dg isg fld<Ug we;s ÿr fldmuK o @ 237 km
¸¸¸' 186 km lska ÿr oelafjkafka l=uk k.r folla w;r o @
¸¹' 362 km lska ÿr oelafjkafka l=uk k.r folla w;r o @
¹' hdmkfha isg mq;;a ,ug;a" mq;;
a ,u isg fld<Ug;a .uka lrk u.shl=
.uka l< hq;= uq¿ ÿr fidhkak'

l%shdldrlu 3 iy 4 (
² úúO f;dr;=re we;=<;a ir, j.= lshùug isiqkag ;j ÿrg;a wjia:dj ,nd §u
i|yd iqÿiq l%shdldrlï ie,iqï lrkak'
² fm<fmdf;a wod< wNHdi lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² fm<fmdf;a wod< wNHdi fhdod .kak'
² úúO ld,igyka iy j.=j, oelafjk f;dr;=re lshùug fokak'

165
 34 .eg¨ úi£u - 2
ksmqK;dj ( ² uQ,sl .‚; l¾u wdY%s; ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'
- ixLHd .=K lsÍï iy fn§ï we;=<;a ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'

bf.kqï m, ( ² b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd .=K lsÍu we;=<;a ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'
² b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd fn§u we;=<;a ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'

jdxud,dj (
² .=K lsÍu ² fn§u

bf.kqï iïm;a (
² .=Kk j.= fldgq ie,eiaula ^ì%iag,a fndaâ tll ilia lr .kak'&
« 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

3 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30

4 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40

5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
6 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
7 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70
8 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80
9 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90

10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

² l%h
s dldrlï hgf;a olajd we;s wdldrfha mejreï iy .eg¨ iys; m;%l
s d

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdh
l%shdldrlu 1 ( b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd .=K lsÍu iy fn§u'
mshjr 1 (
² .=Kk j.= fldgq ie,eiau isiqka ish¨ fokdg u fmfkk ia:dkhl r|jd .kak'
² fï jk úg Tjqka bf.k .;a .=Kk j.= ish,a, u fuys we;=<;a j we;s nj fmkajd fokak'
² by; .=Kk j.= we;=<;a .=K lsÍug iy fn§ug wod< m%Yak lsysmhla isiqkag
bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( ) 64ys wfÜ tajd lSh o @
) 9 jrla 8 lSh o @
² isiqka ,nd fok ms<s;=re .=Kk j.= fldgq ie,eiau uÕska ksjerÈ o hkak ;yjqre
lr .kakd wdldrh fmkajd fokak'
166
 ² my; wdldrfha wNHdihla isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod (

8 «6 «3 ä ä
o o o o
² isiqka iyNd.s lr .ksñka by; wNHdih mshjfrka mshjr iïmQ¾K lrkak'
² 2 isg 9 f;la ixLHdjlska b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHdjla .=K lsÍu iy fn§u
we;=<;a ;j;a WodyrK lsysmhla fhdod .kak'

mshjr 2 (
² mka;sfha isiqka iqÿiq whqßka lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
² my; wdldrfha .=K lsÍï iy fn§ï we;=<;a mejreï m;a isiq lKavdhïj,g ,nd
fokak' tajd iïmQ¾K lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
Wod (
i. ii.
« 8 10 10
o
«


ä
o
2 
4 24

7 ä


5
9 «


o
o

² wjYH isiqka i|yd .=Kk j.= fldgq ie,eiau o Ndú; lsÍug fhduq lrkak'

l%shdldrlu 2 ( b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd .=K lsÍfï .eg¨ úi£u

mshjr 1 (
² ukiska .=Klr ms<s;=r m%ldY lsÍug yels jk wdldrfha ir, .=K lsÍfï m%Yak
lsysmhla isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
Wod ( ) 2" 8ka .=K l< úg ms<s;=r lSh o @
) mekai,a 6 ne.ska we;s fmÜá 7l we;s mekai,a .Kk lSh o @
² my; wdldrfha .eg¨jla l¿,E,af,a ,shd isiqka ,jd lshjkak'
Wod ( tla melÜgqjlg ;, ler,s 8 ne.ska jk fia melÜgq 123l we;s ;, ler,s
.Kk lSh o @
² fuys ms<s;=r ,nd .kakd wdldrh m%ldY lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'
² isiqka o iyNd.s lr .ksñka .eg¨j úi|k wdldrh wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
² fï wdldrfha ;j;a .eg¨ lsysmhla fhdod .kak'
² ieu wjia:djl § u .eg¨j lshjd wjfndaO lr .ekSug m<uq j isiqkag wjia:dj
,nd fokak'
² tfuka u úi|k wdldrh m%ldY lsÍug o Tjqkag wjia:dj fokak'

167
mshjr 2 (
² isiqka iqÿiq whqßka lKavdhï lr b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 2 isg 9 f;la
jQ ixLHdjlska .=K lsÍug wod< .eg¨ we;=<;a mejreï m;la fyda m;%sld fyda
,nd fokak'
² m<uq j tla tla .eg¨j lKavdhfï ish¨ fokd u idlÉPd lr úi|kafka
flfia o hkak y÷kd .ekSug lshkak'
² bka miq Tjqkaf.a wNHdi fmdf;ys ,shd úi£ug lshkak'
² lKavdhï l%h
s dldrlï w;r;=r ksÍlaIKh iy m%Yk
a weiSu u.ska isiy
q q ksjerÈ j
.eg¨ lshjd wjfndaO lrf.k úi|;a o hkak úuid n,kak'

mshjr 3
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'

l%shdldrlu 3 ( b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd fn§u wdY%s; ir, .eg¨ úi£u'
mshjr 1 (
² ukiska úi|d ms<s;=r m%ldY lsÍug yels wdldrfha ir, fn§fï .eg¨ lsysmhla
isiqkag bÈßm;a lr ms<s;=re §ug fhduq lrkak'
Wod ( rUqgka 12la ;sfofkl= w;r iudk j fn¥ úg tla whl=g lShla ,efí o @
² my; wdldrfha .eg¨jla bÈßm;a lr isiqka ,jd lshjd úi|k wdldrh m%ldY
lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'
Wod ( mdi,lg ,enqKq l;kaor fmd;a 175la mka;s 5la i|yd iudk j fnod fok
,§' tla mka;shlg ,enqKq fmd;a .Kk lSh o @
² isiqka o iyNd.s lr .ksñka .eg¨j úi|k wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² 2 isg 9 f;la jQ ixLHdjlska fn§u wdY%s; ;j;a fujeks .eg¨ lsysmhla úi|k
whqre wdo¾Ykh lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
² by; wdldrfha .eg¨ úi£u ;jÿrg;a isik
q a ;=< ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd iqÿiq lKavdhï
l%shdldrlula ie,iqï lr .kak'

mshjr 3 (
² isiq fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'

;lafiare lsÍu
² wNHdi we;=<;a mejreï m;a iy fm<fmdf;ys wod< wNHdi fhdod .kak'

168
.‚;h ;lafiare lsÍu - f;dr;=re jd¾;d lsÍfï m;%sldj
;lafiare lsÍfï mßudKh

isiqkaf.a kï
id¾:l j lrhs' —
ÿIalr;d fmkakqï lrhs'
;j ÿrg;a Wojq wjYH hs' ²

1' b,lalï my f;la jQ yeu ixLHdjl u ixLHdxlh ,shhs ¦

lshjhs'
2' 99 999 f;la ixLHdjl tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEms; w.h
m%ldY lrhs'
3' 99 999g fkdjeä l=uk fyda ixLHd ;=kla mámdá.; lrhs'
4' fok ,o ixLHd rgdj y÷kdf.k ;j ÿrg;a rgdj
f.dvkÕhs' ^fmdÿ wka;rh 6 - 10 f;la jQ&

ixLHd
5' fok ,o ixLHd rgdjl rgdj y÷kdf.k B<Õg tk
ixLHdj ,shhs' ^fmdÿ wkqmd;h 2 -5 f;la jQ rgd&
6' iïmQ¾K tll fldgila jYfhka foflka mx.=" y;frka
mx.= iy oyfhka mx.=j,g wod< Nd. y÷kdf.k olajhs'
7 ' øjH iuQyhl fldgila jYfhka foflka mx.=j yd
y;frka mx.=j olajhs'
8' ¸ isg ºº f;la frdau ixLHdxl y÷kdf.k Ndú; lrhs'
9' oyfhka mx.= oYu f,i olajhs'
10' b,lalï y;r f;la jQ ixLHd ;=kla f.khdu iys; j
tl;= lrhs'
11' b,lalï y;r f;la jQ ixLHd ;=kla f.khdu iys; j
tl;= lsÍfï ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'
12' b,lalï y;r f;la jQ ixLHdjlska thg wvq ixLHdjla
f.k tau iys; j wvq lrhs'
13' b,lalï y;r f;la jQ ixLHdjlska thg wvq ixLHdjla
f.k tau iys; j wvq lsÍfï ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'
.‚; l¾u

14' 6" 7" 8 iy 9ys .=Kk j.= f.dvk.hs'

15' b,lalï follg fkdjeä ixLHd 2 isg 10 f;la l=uk
ixLHdjlska jqj o .=K lrhs'
16' b,lalï ;=k f;la jQ ixLHd 2 isg 9 f;la jQ ixLHdjlska
.=K lsÍfï ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'
17' b,lalï ;=klg fkdjeä ixLHd 2 isg 10 f;la jQ l=uk
fyda ixLHdjlska fnohs'
18' b,lalï ;=klg fkdjeä ixLHd 2 isg 10 f;la jQ
ixLHdjlska fn§u we;=<;a ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'

169
19' lsf,daógr iy ógr m%udK we;=<;a ir, tl;= lsÍfï iy
wvq lsÍfï .eg¨ úi|hs'
20' ógr iy fikaáógr we;=<;a ir, .=K lsÍfï iy fn§fï
.eg¨ úi|hs'
21' øjHhl nr wdikak lsf,da.a?uhg ksudkh lr uek
ii|hs'
22' lsf,da.a?u iy .a?u m%udK we;=<;a ir, tl;= lsÍfï iy
wvq lsÍfï .eg¨ úi|hs'
23' lsf,da.a?u iy .a?u m%udK we;=<;a ir, .=K lsÍfï iy
fn§fï .eg¨ úi|hs'
24' ,Sgr iy ñ,s,Sgr Ndú;fhka Ndckhlg w,a,k øj

ñkqï
m%udKh ksudkh lrhs'
25' ,Sgr iy ñ,s,Sgr we;=<;a tl;= lsÍfï iy wvq lsÍfï
ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'
26' ,Sgr iy ñ,s,Sgr we;=<;a .=K lsÍfï iy fn§fï ir,
.eg¨ úi|hs'
27' meh 24 Trf,daiqfõ oelafjk fõ,dj lshjhs'
28' meh 12ys Trf,daiqfjka oelafjk fõ,dj meh 24 Trf,daiq
fõ,djg;a" meh 24 Trf,daiqfjka oelafjk fõ,dj meh 12
Trf,daiq fõ,djg;a mßj¾;kh lrhs'
29' ld,h .; ùu ms<sn| .Kkh lsÍï iys; ir, .eg¨
úi|hs'
30' uqo,a wdY%s; ir, .kqfokq lsÍï we;=<;a .eg¨ úi|hs'
uqo,a
31' ir, ì,am;a ilihs' ta wdY%s; .eg¨ úi|hs'
32' >klh" >kldNh" p;=ia;,h yd is,skavrh hk
>kjia;=j, ,laIK m%ldY lrhs'
33' ;sria iy isria ;, y÷kdf.k olajhs'
yev yd wjldYh

34' RcqfldaK" RcqfldaKj,g jvd l=vd iy úYd, fldaK

fjka lr olajhs'
35' ir, mßudK rEm w¢hs'

36' wg ÈYd ksrEmKh lrhs'

37' ÈYd wkqj jia;=j, msysàu m%ldY lrhs'

yeisrùu

38' o;a; /ia lr ;Sr m%ia;dr uÕska ksrEmKh lrhs'

o;a;

39' m%ia;dr" ld, igyka iy j.= lshjhs'

170