Slide 1

We have studied the differ levels of planning in operation

managemet and supply chain, it starts from strategic planning,
and this involves decisions about where to establish a production
plant, and from where to source etc
In this article we are going to look how these decision has caused
problems for pharma industry In this unforeseen COVID-19 Crises
We will look how concerns is rising about medicine availability
during the global COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic
We are going to look at whether it makes sense to have
lots of factories in any one market or if they should be
diversification.

Slide 2
Among the problems for pharmaceutical supply chains during this
pandemic are the restrictions and impact of COVID-19 on two of
the largest global producers of active pharmaceutical ingredients
(APIs) and generics: China and India.

Slide 3
 Since the outbreak started in China and lockdowns were
imposed, supply from their manufacturing facilities has
reduced, However Chinese Government announced that the
large manufacturing facilities to be fully operational soon.
 Most companies feel that they are relatively well positioned
to weather short-term disruption. This is because many
publicly traded companies have six months to a year of
stockpiles
But if restrictions continue for an extended period of time,
especially if people in China cannot get back into the factories
to work.
 1. generic drug producers who source APIs from China are
likely to face supply chain issues if the outbreak continues
2. short-term scarcities affecting certain products.
3. manufacturers of branded pharmaceuticals may see a shift
in their demand, as antiviral and effective medicines like
erythromycin, chloracne use rises
Slide 4
 India has restricted the export of 26 active pharmaceutical
ingredients…
 which represents about 10 percent of their export capacity
 As the contributors of 20 percent of the global generics
supply, the decision to restrict exports due to fears of
internal supply shortages such as on supplies of
paracetamol, several antibiotics such as tinidazole and
erythromycin, the hormone progesterone and vitamin B12.
 According to India, the restrictions were imposed because
India’s manufacturers rely heavily on imports of their APIs
from China.
Slide 5
The US is the largest consumer of pharmaceutical products,
somewhere between 45 and 50 percent of the market. 
It seems logical to think that if disruption in India and China goes
on for an extended period of time, it will have to impact the US,
as it will the rest of the world.

Slide 6
The huge restrictions on population movements in Europe make
distribution and shipping a problem.
Let us look at an example: say you start with the manufacturing
of an API in one country that then has to be moved to another
jurisdiction to be manufactured into a finished product or go
through several other production stages. You also need pill
casings that are made somewhere else. All these elements have
to be brought together to manufacture the finished product and
then be moved by logistics companies, who, despite their best
efforts to keep up with all this, have movement restrictions and
worker illnesses placed upon them.

Slide 7
Urdu
Slide 8
Companies need to constantly monitor these issues and assess
their possible impact for the immediate future, Moreover,
Companies should include the indemnity provision and remove
this clause

Slide 9
However COVID-19 has many devastating effects on overall
supply chain here could be one positive as a result of COVID-19:
that companies may begin to spread production across different
markets, limiting the effects of future disruptions
URDU
Pehle kia ho raha tha saari companies apne API’s or Products
China or India se souce kar rahe the kisi ka raw metirial wahan se
ata tha to kisi ki Eve finished items,
If you saturate a market I order to have lower cost ad if anything
happens at that market it will have davestating effect.
The process to establish pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities
is lengthy due to the tight regulations and the need for precise
capabilities. But covid as impacted whole world so pharma
companies will have to use and expand production at existing
facilities in other markets.
Ut thus is lesso for the future.
The writer says that:
in the long-term, enterprises are going to have to diversify out
their manufacturing capacity across a number of markets. Where
manufacturing is highly concentrated right now, such as in China
or India, that is probably not going to be the case in five years.

Slide 10

While drug shortages due to COVID-19 are so far limited and

expected to remain this way in the short term, if the pandemic
continues then stockpiles of pharmaceuticals, APIs and other
chemicals may decrease, resulting in shortages. A further effect is
the added complications for distribution, particularly with
population movement restrictions across coutries

pharmaceutical companies should monitor the evolving situation

and ensure enterprises are aware of the clauses of their contracts
that may become problematic in the longer term.

Moreover diversifying their sources and markets.