Each, Every, If, if and only if , Exactly , Consecutive

Analytical Reasoning Immediately

Analytical reasoning consists of a group of questions based on
complicated set of conditions. In this section, a passage full of It is to be noted that some of these words are ambiguous
information is given that creates a puzzle in your mind. You and admit of more than one possibility.
are required to keep in mind these conditions, understand their Example:
relationship with one another, analyze the given information in The meaning of the statement 'Raj follows Rohan' is that
a suitable form and answer the questions asked. Raj is behind Rohan. (But nothing is clear about the exact
No definite rules can be given to solve these problems. position of Raj.) But when the statement changes to 'Raj
Though some basic guidelines aregiven below for tackling follows Rohan immediately', then the meaning becomes
analytical reasoning questions. very clear that Raj is immediately behind Rohan.
Basic Guidelines 4. Organize information in list, table, map, or diagram
1. Tackle each group of analytical reasoning questions as form.
a unit. Analytical reasoning questions require you to When you study a set of conditions for its implications,
think through a complicated set of conditions as you you wind up with a mass of information. You need to
answer a group of questions. It, therefore, makes sense for organize this information. It is useful to list the basic
you to treat each group of questions as a unit. Do not conditions and to note down their implications in the table
jump from one group to another before you answer all the form.
questions of the first group. Map or diagram is particularly helpful when you are
2. Simplify the information by using initials and symbols. dealing with a problem involving the physical or temporal
The analytical reasoning questions are not intended to be order of things. For example, it is much easier to tell
ambiguous that means you have to read carefully and whether a particular route from point A, to point B is
understand the precise meanings of the conditions and the possible or not, when you actually see points A and B on
questions. Rather lengthy expressions are used to specify the map.
clearly the various relationships, and you are likely to find 5. First, eliminate answer choices, rule out by individual
these confusing. Hence, strip away individual names and conditions, then work through the remaining choices
irrelevant details that confuse the situation and substitute or guesses.
initials for the individual words, and if a dozen words are Choices are ruled out by making use of the conditions
taken to describe the relationship, try to express it simply given. Then put together the other conditions and arrive at
in letters and symbols as shown in the following examples the correct choice from among the choices that are left.
Wording denoting relationship Symbol 6. Study conditions, not merely for what they state but
And + for what they imply.
Or  When you read the conditions you should grasp not only
Equal to, same as = what they explicitly state, but also what they imply, i.e. C
Not equal to, not same as ≠ is not greater than D means C is either less than or equal
Greater than (taller, older, etc.) > to D.
Not greater than  7. Avoid making unwarranted assumptions.
Smaller than (shorter, younger, etc.) < Once you have set up your table or completed your
Not smaller than ≥ diagram based on a particular set of conditions, you
Now consider the following statement. should have, little difficulty with the group of questions
Sohan is taller than Mohan. This can conveniently be based on those conditions. Hence, you should take care to
expressed as S > M avoid assumptions which are not warranted by the
Work with these symbols if they seem useful to you. You conditions stated in the problem. For example, in a set
may prefer other symbols also and add to the list as it establishing relationship of age and height among the
suits your convenience OR do your own thing, if it suits students of a class, you should not assume that a student
your convenience OR do your own thing, if it suits you. who is older than another student must be taller than that
3. Highlight key words that limit the situation critically. student, as this can be an incorrect inference from it. So
Some key words are used in problems of this type which beware of reading too much into a condition.
are meant to represent the conditions or relationships. Finally, you are advised to follow the above guidelines
You should pay particular attention to them by encircling carefully and practice more and more of these problems.
or marking a tick. Some solved examples have been given here, which
Given are examples of commonly occurring key words. would guide you in solving problems based on analytical
All, Always , At least , At most , May be, Cannot be reasoning.
Also Keep your eyes open for these words.
Solved Examples I. There are seven teachers — A, B, C, D, E, F and G— in
Directions for questions 1 to 4: Read the following a college. Each one of them teaches a different subject
information carefully and answer the questions. expect one.
I. Seven meetings — A, B, C, D, E, F, and G —are to be II. There are 3 female and 4 male teachers and out of these,
scheduled, one each on different day of a week that there are two pairs of couples.
begins on Monday, li. A must take place on Monday and III. C, who teaches social science, is married to the teacher
B on the last day. who teaches chemistry.
II. A must take place on Monday and B on the last day. IV. E and G are female teachers who teach zoology and
III. B immediately takes place after C and D, in that order. physics respectively.
IV. E, F and G must take place on three consecutive days, V. A teaches mathematics, and his wife does not teach
necessarily in that order: physics.
1. Which is the earliest day of the week on which C can VI. B does not teach chemistry or commerce subjects.
take place? VII. F and D are male teachers. F is unmarried.
(a) Wednesday (b) Thursday 5. Which subject does F teach?
(c) Friday (d) Saturday (a) Mathematics (b) Chemistry
2. Which of the following must be true about the order of (c) Physics (d) None of these
meetings? 6. Which subject does B teach?
(a) C takes place immediately after A (a) Physics (b) Commerce
(b) C takes place immediately after F (c) Social science (d) Cannot be determined
(c) E takes place immediately after A 7. Which of the following are two pairs of couples?
(d) E takes place immediately after G (a) DC and AE (b) AC and DE
3. If meeting A is on Wednesday which is the first day, (c) GA and CD (d) Cannot be determined
then B must take place on 8. Which subject does A's wife teach?
(a) Tuesday (b) Wednesday (a) Chemistry (b) Zoology
(c) Thursday (d) Friday (c) Social science (d) Cannot be determined
4. Which of the following represents a possible ordering of 9. Who among the following are the males among the two
meeting on three consecutive days? (a) ADB couples?
(b) BCF (a) AC (b)AE
(c) DEA (d) AEF  (c) AD (d) Cannot be determined
Solution: Solution:
The given information can be summarized as follows i. C ----- Social science x Chemistry from III
Day Meeting ii. E ---- Female, zoology from IV
1-M A …from I and II iii. G ---- Female, physics from IV
2-T E iv. A ---- Mathematics, not married
3-W F ...from IV to physics teacher from V
4-TH G v. B ---------------- Not teaching
5-F C ...from III chemistry or commerce from VI
6-ST D vi. F ---- Male, unmarried from VII
7-SN B ... from I and II vii. D ---- Male from VII
1. (c) _______ Friday viii. 3 females and 4 males, 2 married
2. (c) _______ E takes place after A couples from II
3. (a) The new arrangement should be as follows. F is unmarried, therefore, C is married to D.
Day Meeting (As D or F can be the only teacher teaching chemistry)
1-W _________ A And given that C is married to chemistry teacher. Therefore, D
2-TH _________ E is male (using VII) and as F is unmarried therefore C is
3-F _________ F married to D and teaches chemistry.
4-ST _________ G C is female ... using III and VII and II
5-SN _________ C B is male ... using II
6-M _________ D F teaches commerce ... using VI and D being a
7-T _________ B chemistry teacher
B must take place on Tuesday. CD and AE are the two married couples.
4. (d) _________ AEF Therefore, the final table would be like this
Directions for questions 5 to 9: Read the following
information carefully and answer the questions given below.
 Teacher Sex Subject Married to and C is male. Therefore, the final table would be like the
following one. 
A Male Mathematics E - Zoology
Person Profession Sex
B Male — Unmarried A Photographer Male
C Female S. Science D - Chemistry B Badminton player Female
D Male Chemistry C - S. Science. C Magician Male
E Female Zoology A – Mathematics D Musician Female
F Male Commerce Unmarried E Musician —
G Female Physics Unmarried F Badminton player Male

5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (b) Married couples are A-D and B-C.
Directions for questions 10 to 14: Read the following 10. (c) 11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (d) 14. (d)
information carefully and answer the questions. Directions for questions 15 to 19: Read the following
A group of 6 persons A, B, C, D, E and F are members of a information careful and answer the questions.
club. I. There is a family of 6 persons L, M, N, O, P and Q.
I. Out of these 6 persons, two are musicians, two are They are professor businessman, chartered accountant,
badminton piayers, one is a photographer and one is a bank manager, engineer and medical representative.
magician. II. There are 2 married couples in the family.
II. A, the photographer, is married to D who is a musician. III. O, the bank manager, is married to the lady professor.
III. The magician is married to B who is of the same IV. Q, the medical representative, is the son of M and
profession as that of F. brother of P
IV. A, B, C and D are two married couples in the group. V. N, the chartered accountant, is the daughter-in-law of L.
V. F, the unmarried badminton player, is the brother of C. VI. The businessman is married to the chartered accountant.
VI. In the pair of badminton players, only one is male. VII. P is an unmarried engineer.
VIII. The only married musician in the group is a female. VIII. Lis the grandmother of Q.
10. Which of the following is a pair of musicians? 15. How is P related to Q?
(a) BE (b) BF (c) DE (d) AC (a) Brother (b) Sister (c) Cousin (d) Either (a) or (b)
11. Who is the magician in the group? 16. Which of the following is the profession of M? (a)
(a)B (b) C (c)E (d) Cannot be determined Professor (b) Charted accountant
12. What is the profession of B? (c) Businessman (d) Medical representative
(a) Badminton player (b) Musician 17. Which of the following is the profession of L? (a)
(c) Magician (d) Cannot be determined Professor (b) Charted accountant
13. Which of the following is pair of males only? (c) Businessman (d) Engineer
(a) AB (b) BC (c) EF (d) None of these 18. Which of the following is one of the couples?
14. Which one of the following is a pair of only married (a) QO (b) OM (c) PL (d) MN
females in the group? 19. How is O related to Q?
(a) CD (b) AD (c) AB (d) BD (a) Father (b) Grandfather (c) Uncle (d) Brother
Solution: Given Solution: Given
(i) A ... Photographer  D(Musician) …from III (i) 0 ... bank manager x Lady professor ...from III
(ii) B and F are of same profession and the magician is (ii) Q ... medicine representative, Q
married to B …from IV is the son of M and brother of P ... from IV
(iii) A B C D are married couples …from V (ii) N ... C.A., and is the daughter- in-law of L
(iv) F is unmarried and a badminton player …from VI ... from V
(v) In the pair of badminton players, (iii) Businessman is married to
only one is male …from VII chartered accountant ...from VI
(vi) Only the married magician in (v) P... engineer, unmarried ...from VII
the group is a female D is a female …from VIII (vi) L... grandmother of Q ...from VIII
D is a female …using III and VIII (vii) Two married couples ... from II
E is the other unmarried musician …from V and VIII N is female ... from (V)
B is a badminton player [same profession as F... VI] and is Q and P are kids of M ...from IV
married to C (magician) [from IV and V] where B is female O is married to L ...from III and VIII, Vand IV
[only one badminton player is a male and F is male from VI]
M is businessman and married to N ... from VI and above So the final table looks like as follows.
statement. Name Profess on Instrument
Finally, we get the following table. Ajay Doctor Sarod
Person Profession Sex Akshay Lawyer Flute
Vinay Chartered accountant Sitar
L Professor Female Bijay Engineer Violin
M Businessman Male Sanjay Architect Tabla
Exercise
N Chartered accountant Female
Directions for questions 1 to 5: Read the following
O Bank manager Male information carefully and answer the questions. P, Q, R, S and
P Engineer ? T are students coming from Delhi, Lucknow, Chandigarh,
Meerut and Kanpur. They have topped in different subjects,
Q Medicine representative Male i.e. mathematics, English, Hindi, science and geography.
I. The student who has topped in Hindi is not from Delhi.
R e la tio n D ia g r a m
II. The student from Kanpur has topped in mathematics.
(G ra n d fa th e r)O L (G r a n d m o th e r)
III. Q comes from Meerut and S from Delhi.
IV. The student from Chandigarh has not topped in science.
m a r rie d to
(S o n ) M N (D a u g h te r o th e r) V. P topped in science and T in geography.
1. Which of the students has topped in Hindi?
(M a le ) Q P (a) P (b) Q (c) R (d) None of these
2. Which city does the topper of English come from?
15. (d) 16.(c) 17. (a) 18. (d) 19. (b)
(a) Delhi (b) Lucknow
Directions for questions 20 to 24: Read the following
(c) Chandigarh (d) None of these
information carefully and answer the questions.
3. Which subject has the student from Chandigarh topped
I. Five gentlemen Mr Ajay, Mr Bijay, Mr Vinay, Mr Sanjay
in?
and Mr Akshay are practicing
(a) Mathematics (b) Hindi (c) Geography (d) None of these
five different professions (engineering, medical, law,
4. Which city does the topper of science come from?
chartered accountancy and architecture). Each one can
(a) Lucknow (b) Meerut (c) Kanpur (d) None of these
play only one of the five different instruments: tabla,
5. Which city does R come from?
violin, sarod, sitar and flute.
(a) Lucknow (b) Chandigarh (c) Delhi (d) None of these
II. Mr Ajay is a doctor and can play sarod.
Directions for questions 6 to 10: Read the given information
III. The sitarist is not an engineer.
carefully and answer the questions. Eight persons L, M, N, P,
IV. Mr Vinay and Mr Bijay are not architects and they cannot
Q, R, S and T are sitting for a round table conference facing
play tabla.
the centre.
V. Mr Bijay can play violin.
I. R sits between L and S.
VI. Mr Akshay is a lawyer and can play flute.
II. S, who is the neighbour of Q, sits three places to the right
20. Which instrument does Mr Vinay play?
of T.
(a) Sarod (b) Sitar (c) Violin (d) Flute
III. Q sits two places to the right of T.
21. What is the profession of Mr Bijay?
IV. M sits three places to the left of R.
(a) Engineer (b) Doctor (c) Lawyer (d) Chartered accnt.
6. Who sits diagonally opposite to M?
22. Who is an architect?
(a) P (b) L (c) Q (d) None of these
(a) Mr Ajay (c) Mr Bijay
7. Between which two persons does S sit?
23. What is the profession of Mr Vinay?
(a) L and Q (b)MandQ
(a) Doctor (b) Mr Akshay
(c)RandQ (d) None of these
(c) Lawyer (d) Mr Sanjay
8. Who sits diagonally opposite to S?
24. Which instrument can an architect learn from a doctor?
(a) N (b)P (c)T (d) Either N or P
(a) Flute (b) Sitar (c) Sarod (d) Violin
9. Which one of the following is Q's neighbour?
Solution:
(a) S (b) R (c) L (d) None of these
(1) Ajay — Doctor — Sarod [from (ii)]
10. Who sits immediately to the left of L?
(2) Akshay — Lawyer — Flute[from (vi)]
(a) R (b) L (c) Q (d) None of these
(3) Bijay — Violin [from (v)]
Directions for questions 11 to 15: Read the given
(4) Vinay — Chartered accountant — Sitar [from (i), (iii)and
information carefully and answer the questions. P, Q, R, S, T
(iv)]
and U play basketball, cricket, football, hockey, wrestling and
(5) Bijay — Engineer — Violin [from (i) and (iv)]
tennis.
(6) Sanjay — Architect — labia [by all above and (i)]
I. U, who is heavier than Q and is lighter than T, plays (a) Third (b) Fourth (c) Fifth (d) None of these
tennis. 22. Which is the first book to be proofread?
II. The heaviest among them wrestles. (a) D (b) A (c)B (d) None of these
III. P, who is between Q and R in decreasing order of weight, 23. Which is the book proofread immediately after the break?
plays cricket. (a) D (b) A (c) B (d) None of these
IV. Q and R are into neither wrestling nor hockey. 24. Which book is proofread immediately after D?
V. The lightest among them plays hockey. (a)B (b)E (c) C (d) None of these
11. Who among the following is the heaviest? 25. Which book is proofread immediately after E?
(a) Q (b) R (c)T (d) None of these (a) A (b)E (c) C (d) None of these
12. Which sport does U play? Directions for questions 26 to 30: Read the given
(a) Wrestling (b) Basketball information carefully and answer the questions. Amit, Bharti,
(c) Cricket (d) Tennis Charan, Deepak and Eshaan are 5 friends sitting in a
13. Who among the following plays hockey? restaurant. They are wearing caps of 5 different colours —
(a) Q (b) S (c)T (d) None of these yellow, blue, green, white and red. Also they are eating 5
14. Which sport does Q play? different snacks — burgers, sandwiches, ice cream, pastries
(a) Football (b) Basketball and pizza.
(c) Either football or basketball (d) None of these I. The person wearing a red cap is eating pastries.
15. Who among the following is lighter than P? II. Amit does not eat ice cream and Charan is eating
(a) Q (b) S (c)U (d)T sandwiches.
Directions for questions 16 to 20: Read the given III. Bharti wears a yellow cap and Amit wears a blue cap.
information carefully and answer the questions. IV. Eshaan is eating pizza and is not wearing a green cap.
A, B, C, D, E and F are 6 friends, among whom there are 2 26. What is Amit eating?
married couples (and rest unmarried) and pursue 6 different (a) Burgers (b) Sandwiches
professions, i.e. lawyer, doctor, teacher, editor, counselor and (c) Ice cream (d) Pastries (d) White
housewife. 27. Who among the following friends is wearing the green
I. D is the housewife and is married to the doctor. cap?
II. C is an editor. (a) Amit (b) Bharti (c) Charan (d) Deepak
III. A, who is married to the teacher, is a lawyer. 28. Which of the friends is eating ice cream?
IV. B is not the teacher and E is unmarried. (a) Amit (b) Bharti (c) Charan (d) Deepak
16. How many female members are there in the group? 29. What is the colour of the cap Eshaan is wearing?
(a)1 (b)2 (c) 3 (d) Carrot be determined (a) Yellow (b) Blue (c) Green (d) White
17. Who among the following is the teacher? 30. Which of the following combinations is not correct?
(a) B (b)E (c) F (d) None of these (a) Yellow + Ice cream (b) Red + Pastries
18. What is the profession of E? (c) Green + Pizza  (d) Blue + Burgers
(a) Counsellor (b) Doctor (c) Teacher (d) None of these Directions for questions 31 to 35: Read the given
19. Who among the following are the unmarried members of information carefully and answer the questions. Six persons —
the group? A, B, C, D, E and F — are sitting around a circular table
(a) E and F (b) FandC facing the centre.
(c) EandC (d) None of these I. C is sitting in-between A and F.
20. The married couples are II. B is sitting two places to the right of E.
(a) A—F and A—C (b) B—D and A—C III. D is sitting two places to the left of F.
(c) C—F and A—E (d) A—F and B—D   31. Between which two persons does D sit?
Directions for questions 21 to 25: Read the given (a) F and B (b) E and B
information carefully and answer the questions. Five books A, (c)C and B (d)A and B
B, C, D and E have to be proofread in 6 hr where 1 hr needs to 32. Who is sitting diagonally opposite to A?
be given per book. (a)F (b)C (c)E (d) None of these
I. A break of 1 hr has to be taken in the third or fourth hour. 33. Which of the following is A’s neighbor to his right?
II. Proofreading cannot be started with A and has to end in (a) E (b) F (c) B (d) D
C. 34. Who is sitting diagonally opposite to E?
III. D has to follow B immediately with no break in-between. (a) A (b)B (c) C (d)F
IV. A cannot be done immediately after D. 35. Between which two persons does F sit?
V. A has to precede E Immediately with no break in- (a) C and D (b) C and A
between. (c) C and B (d) D and E
21. Which hour is the break hour?
Directions for questions 36 to 40: Read the given IV. Y, who is the father of the doctor, is not a banker.
information carefully and answer the questions. Eight persons V. Z is the granddaughter of X and is a manager.
L, M, N, P, Q, R, S and Tare sitting around a square table such 46. Which of the family members is the banker?
that there are two on each side and they are all facing the (a) Y (b) V (c)W (d) None of these
centre. 47. What is the profession of Y?
I. P sits between L and S. (a) Manager (b) Doctor (c) Lawyer (d) None of these
II. Q sits two places to the left of L. 48. How many female members are there in the family?
III. R, who is T's neighbour, sits opposite to L. (a) Two (b) Three (c)Four (d) Cannot be determined
IV. M sits two places to the left of R. 49. Who is the husband of the housewife?
36. Who sits opposite to P? (a) W (b) V (c)Z (d) None of these
(a)T (b) M (c) N (d) S 50. How is W related to Z?
37. Who sits two places to the right of S? (a) Sister (b) Brother (c) Father (d) Cannot be determined
(a) P (b) M (c)T Directions for questions 51 to 55: Read the given
38. Between which two persons does L sit? information carefully and answer the questions. Six lectures
(a) M and P (b) N and P on six different subjects — physics, chemistry, bioiogy,
(c) N and R (d) T and Q algebra, geometry and astronomy — have to be scheduled
39. Which of the following is a neighbour of L? (one on each day) across 7 days starting Sunday and ending
(a) S (b) Q (c) P (d) R Saturday. The schedule has to be drawn out for the subjects
40. Who sits exactly opposite to Q? such that:
(a) S (b)P (c) M (d) N I. One day has to be a holiday and it can be neither Sunday
Directions for questions 41 to 45: Read the given nor Saturday.
information carefully and answer the questions. A, B, C, D, E II. Geometry has to be scheduled immediately after algebra.
and F are six students of a class. Each one has topped in one of III. Physics cannot start the series in the week and has to be
the six different subjects, viz. mathematics, English, Hindi, done exactly two days before astronomy.
history, geography and science but not in the order as given. IV. Biology has to be taught on Thursday and cannot
Again each one has got a different overall rank, i.e. immediately follow physics.
I. The highest ranker has topped in science. 51. What subject will start the series of lectures?
II. D, who is higher in rank than E but lower than A, has (a) Algebra (b) Chemistry (c) Physics (d) None of these
topped in history. 52. Which of the days is a holiday?
III. The lowest ranker among them has topped in (a) Monday (b) Tuesday (c) Wednesday (d) None of these
mathematics. 53. On which day is the lecture in physics scheduled?
IV. A and E have topped in neither science nor geography. a) Monday (b) Tuesday (c) Wednesday (d) None of these
V. F has topped in geography. 54. On which day is the lecture in geometry scheduled?
VI. F in order of rank is lower than E, who has topped in (a) Monday (b) Tuesday (c) Wednesday (d) None of these
Hindi and higher than C. 55. How many days after physics, is biology scheduled?
41. Who has topped in science? (a) One (b) Three (c) Four (d) None of these
(a) A (b) B (c) D (d) None of these
42. Who among them has the lowest rank?
(a) A (b) B (c) D (d) None of these Answers
43. Which subject has A topped in?
(a) Mathematics (b) English (c) Hindi (d) None of these 1 b 12 d 23 b 34 d 45 c
44. Which rank does F hold among the six students? 2 a 13 b 24 d 35 c 46 b
(a) First (b) Second (c) Third (d) Fifth 3 c 14 c 25 c 36 a 47 c
45. Which subject has E topped in? 4 a 15 b 26 a 37 c 48 d
(a) Mathematics (b) English (c) Hindi (d) None of these 5 d 16 d 27 c 38 b 49 b
Directions for questions 46 to 50: Read the given 6 b 17 c 28 b 39 c 50 d
7 c 18 a 29 d 40 c 51 b
information carefully and answer the questions. U, V, W, X, Y
8 d 19 c 30 c 41 b 52 b
and Z are members of a family in which there are three
9 a 20 d 31 b 42 d 53 a
generations and two married couples. The different
10 a 21 a 32 d 43 b 54 d
professions in the family are professor, doctor, manager, 11 c 22 c, 33 a 44 d 55 b
banker, housewife and lawyer.
I. Y is married to U who is a professor.
II. X, who is a housewife, is the mother of U.
III. V is the grandfather of W who is a doctor.