n-line simulation (lossless)

1) Get L and C matrices and calculate LC product

2) Get square root of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of LC matrix Î Λm

3) Arrange eigenvectors into the voltage eigenvector matrix E

4) Get square root of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of CL matrix ÎΛm

5) Arrange eigenvectors into the current eigenvector matrix H

7) Invert matrices E, H, Λm.

6) Calculate the line impedance matrix Zc.

Z C = E -1 Λm-1 EL

8) Construct source and load impedance matrices Zs(t) and ZL(t)

9) Construct source and load reflection coefficient matrices Γ1(t) and Γ2(t).
Indices 1 and 2 refer to near and far ends respectively.
-1
Γ 1 ( t ) = - ⎡⎣1 + EZ S ZC-1 E -1 ⎤⎦ ⎡⎣1 − EZ S ZC-1 E -1 ⎤⎦

-1
Γ 2 ( t ) = - ⎡⎣1 + EZ L ZC-1 E -1 ⎤⎦ ⎡⎣1 − EZ L ZC-1 E -1 ⎤⎦

10) Construct source and load transmission coefficient matrices T1(t) and T2(t)

-1
T1 ( t ) = ⎡⎣1 + EZ S ZC-1 E -1 ⎤⎦
 -1
T2 ( t ) = ⎡⎣1 + EZ L ZC-1 E -1 ⎤⎦

11) Calculate modal voltage sources g1(t) and g2(t)

g1 ( t ) = EVs (t)

g2 ( t ) = EVL (t)

12) Calculate modal voltage waves:

a1 ( t ) = T1 ( t ) g1 ( t ) + Γ 1 ( t ) a 2 ( t - τ m )

a 2 ( t ) = T2 ( t ) g 2 ( t ) + Γ 2 ( t ) a1 ( t - τ m )

b1 ( t ) = a 2 ( t - τ m )

b2 ( t ) = a1 ( t - τ m )

where

⎡ ai -mode -1 ( t - τ m1 ) ⎤
⎢ ⎥
⎢ ai -mode -2 ( t - τ m2 ) ⎥
ai ( t - τ m ) =
⎢ ⋅ ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣⎢ ai -mode -n ( t - τ mn ) ⎦⎥

τmi is the delay associated with mode i. τmi = length/velocity of mode i. The

modal voltage wave vectors a1(t) and a2(t) need to be stored since they contain the
history of the system.

13) Calculate total modal voltage vectors:

Vm1 ( t ) = a1 ( t ) + b1 ( t )
 Vm2 ( t ) = a 2 ( t ) + b2 ( t )

14) Calculate line voltage vectors:

V1 ( t ) = E -1Vm1 ( t )

V2 ( t ) = E -1Vm2 ( t )

Note: subscript 1 and 2 refer to near and far ends respectively.

⎡Vnear-line-1 ⎤ ⎡V far −line −1 ⎤

⎢V ⎥ ⎢V ⎥
( )
V1 t = ⎢ near-line-2 ⎥
( )
V2 t = ⎢ far − line − 2 ⎥

⎢ ⋅ ⎥ ⎢ ⋅ ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣Vnear-line-n ⎦ ⎣⎢V far −line − n ⎦⎥