MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL

ENGINEERING

INDEX

1. INTRODUCTION

2. BACKGROUND

3. COMPARISION

4. COMPONENTS

5. ACTIVITIES

6. REMEDIAL MEASURES

7. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

8. EXAMPLES

9. CONCLUSIONS

10. BIBLIOGRAGHY

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 0|Page

MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

INTRODUCTION

MIVAN is an upcoming technology which has empowered and motivated the mass
construction projects throughout the world. In this report, I had discussed about the
pioneering and yet pragmatic approach of this technology with provisions of speed, quality,
financial incentives and construction aspects which is required for a successful completion of
mass housing project.
  Besides, food and clothing, shelter is a basic human need. India has been successful in
meeting the food and clothing requirements of its vast population; however the problem of
providing shelter of all is defying solutions. “While there has been an impressive growth in
the total housing stock from 65 million in 1947 to 187.05 million in 2001, a large gap still
exits between the demand and supply of housing units. The Working Group on Housing for
the 9th five-year plan estimated the housing shortage in 2001 at 19.4 million units- 12.76
million in rural area and 6.64 million in urban area. The shortage of housing is acutely felt in
urban areas –more so in the 35 Indian cities, which according to the 2001 census have a
population of more than a million”.
             In metro cities, particularly in Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore and Kolkata, each having a
population in excess of 10 million- the problem is still aggravated. A host of factors are
responsible such as the phenomenal growth in population- mainly due to relentless rise in
migration- non availability of land, legal hurdles in the form of  Land Ceiling and Rent
Control (LCRC) acts, paucity of funds, absence of cost effective construction techniques-to
mention only a few. Barring a few exceptions, no serious attempts were made in the past to
find meaningful solutions to these problems. As a result, we are witnessing a large scale
proliferation of slums and squatter settlements in the metros.
             The National Housing and Habitat Policy, announced in July 1998, laid stress on the
creation of an enabling environment, wherein government assumed the role of a facilitator
and the private sector was expected to play a vital role in providing large-scale housing. In
the recent years, a number of fiscal measures initiated by the government have given a boost
to the housing sector. The easy availability of finance, coupled with lower interest rates and a
variety of tax incentives announced by the government in the successive union budgets have

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 1|Page

MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

triggered massive housing construction in urban and semi urban areas, especially in the
middle and higher income groups. However, the low income groups seem to have been left
out of the current housing boom.
            
In a democratic set-Up of India, one would agree that this section of the population
cannot be ignored and that they also need to be provided with affordable housing; but how
this can be achieved remains a permanent question. In this context, the recent affords made in
Bangalore and Mumbai under the aegis of the Metropolitan Urban Transport Project
(MUTP), Metropolitan Urban Infrastructure Project (MUIP), and the Slum Rehabilitation
Authority (SRA) of the government of Maharashtra can provide some guidance. “It is
reported that under MUTP and the MUIP schemes nearly 50,000 tenements are being
constructed presently and about 20,000 families have already shifted to new flats”.
           
  This report deals with all the aspects of MIVAN technology, an aluminum formwork
developed by the company MIVAN itself. The salient features of this formwork are its speed
of construction, quality of construction, seismic resistivity and its economy. All these
features are elaborately described in this report.  

THE ALUMINIUM FORM WORK

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 2|Page

MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

BACKGROUND

MIVAN is basically an aluminum formwork system developed by one of the construction

company from Europe. In 1990, the Mivan Company Ltd from Malaysia started the
manufacturing of such formwork systems. Now a days more than 30,000 sq m of formwork
used in the world are under their operation. In Mumbai, India there are number of buildings
constructed with the help of the above system which has been proved to be very economical
and satisfactory for Indian Construction Environment.       
      
The technology has been used extensively in other countries such as Europe, Gulf Countries,
Asia and all other parts of the world. MIVAN technology is suitable for constructing large
number of houses within short time using room size forms to construct walls and slabs in one
continuous pour on concrete. Early removal of forms can be achieved by hot air curing /
curing compounds. This facilitates fast construction, say two flats per day. All the activities
are planned in assembly line manner and hence result into more accurate, well – controlled
and high quality production at optimum cost and in shortest possible time.
         
   In this system of formwork construction, cast – in – situ concrete wall and floor slabs cast
monolithic provides the structural system in one continuous pour. Large room sized forms for
walls and floors slabs are erected at site. These forms are made strong and sturdy, fabricated
with accuracy and easy to handle. They afford large number of repetitions (around 250). The
concrete is produced in RMC batching plants under strict quality control and convey it to site
with transit mixers.
           
The frames for windows and door as well as ducts for services are placed in the form before
concreting. Staircase flights, façade panels, chajjas and jails etc. and other pre-fabricated
items are also integrated into the structure. This proves to be a major advantage as compared
to other modern construction techniques.
          

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 3|Page

MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

The method of construction adopted is no difference except for that the sub – structure is
constructed using conventional techniques. The super–structure is constructed using MIVAN
techniques. The integrated use the technology results in a durable structure.

 The formwork system is precisely-engineered system fabricated in aluminium. Using this

system, all the elements of a building namely, load bearing walls, columns, beams, floor
slabs, stairs, balconies etc can be constructed with cast in place concrete. The resulting
structure has a good quality surface finish and accurate dimensional tolerances. Further, the
construction speed is high and the work can be done in a cost effective manner.

The modular nature of the formwork system allows easy fixing and removal of formwork
and the construction can proceed speedily with very little deviation in dimensional
tolerances. Further, the system is quite flexible and can be easily adapted for any variations in
the layout.
          
The availability of concrete from ready mix concrete facility has augured well for the use of
this work system. However, the proliferation of RMC facilities in the cities in India and the
willingness to use mechanized means of transport and placing of concrete, the use of
aluminium formwork system has received a boost. The quality of the resulting concrete is
found to be superior.
           
Structurally speaking, the adoption of the closed box system using monolithic concrete
construction has been found to be the most efficient alternatives. The stresses in both the
concrete and steel are observed to be much lower even when horizontal forces due to wind or
earthquake are taken into consideration.
           
The formwork system can be used for construction for all types of concrete systems, that is,
for a framed structure involving column beam –slab elements or for box-type structure
involving slab-walls combination.

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 4|Page

MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

COMPARISION
RELATIVE COMPARISON OF IN – SITU “ALUMINIUM FORM” SYSTEM WITH
CONVENTIONAL CONSTRUCTION

Sr. FACTOR CONVENTIONAL IN – SITU ALUMINIUM FORM REMARKS

No SYSTEM

Superior.                                     Superior
In – Situ casting of wholequality in
structure and transverse walls“System
done in a continuous operation,housing”
using controlled concrete mixers
1 Quality Normal
obtained from central batching,
mixing plants and mechanically
placed through concrete buckets
using crane and compacted in
leak proof moulds using high
frequency vibrators   
2 Speed of
construction. In this system, the walls and
The pace offloors are cast together in oneSystem
construction is slowcontinuous operation in matter ofconstruction
due to step – by –few hours and in built accelerated
step completion ofcuring overnight enable removalis much faster.
different stages ofand re-use of forms on daily
activity the masonrycycle basis.
is required to be laid
brick by brick.
Erection of
formwork, concreting
and deshuttering
forms is a two –
week cycle. The

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 5|Page

MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

plastering and other

finishing activities
can commence only
thereafter.

In the case of RCCThe Room – Sized wall panels

structural frameworkand the ceiling elements cast
of column and beamsagainst steel plates have smooth
with partition brickfinishing and the interiors have
walls is used forneat and clean lines without 
Aesthetics.
construction, theunsightly projections in various
3 columns and beamscorners. The walls and ceilings
show unsightlyalso have smooth even surfaces,
projections in roomwhich only need colour/white
interiors. wash

Cement plasteredTextured / pattern coloredPermanent

brickwork, paintedconcrete facia can be provided.facial finishes
External
4 with cement – basedThis will need no frequentfeasible with
finishes.
paint. Finishingrepainting. minor extra
needs painting every initial cost
in three years.

Useful carpet Efficiency around Efficiency around 87.5%

area as % of 83.5% More efficient
plinth area. utilization of
 5
land for useful
living space.

6   

Consumption Normal Consumption somewhat moreAlthough

of basic raw than that used in conventionalgreater
materials   structures. consumption
Cement. strength and
    durability is
  also more.
 

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 6|Page

MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

Steel
requirement is
Reinforcing Reinforcing steelIt may, however will be slightlymore, as it is
Steel required is less asmore than corresponding load –required for
compared to the inbearing brick wall constructionthe shear wall
situ construction asfor which, requirements of IS 456construction.
RCC framework useshave to be followed for systemBut shear wall
brick wall ashousing. construction
alternative increases
safety against
  earthquake.

Maintenance The walls and ceiling beingIt can be

In maintenance cost, smooth and high quality concrete concluded that
the major expenditurerepairs for plastering andmaintenance
is involved dueleakage’s are not at all requiredcost is
to :                     frequently. negligible.

   Repairs and

maintenance of
7
plaster of walls /
ceiling etc.

   Painting of outer

and inner walls.

Leakages due to
plumbing and
sanitation
installation.

PRE-REQUISITES
 Availability of drawings
 Bar Bending Schedules
 Procurement, testing, approval and transportation of materials
 Procurement of tools and tackles
 Mobilization of manpower
 Completion and approval of preceding [dependant] activities
THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 7|Page
MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

COMPONENTS
            The panels are made from high strength aluminium alloy with a 4 mm thick skin
plate and 6mm thick ribbing behind to stiffen the panels. The panels are manufactured in
MIVAN’S dedicated factories in Europe and South East Asia. Once they are assembled they
are subjected to a trial erection in order to eliminate any dimensional or on site problems. All
the formwork components are received at the site whining three months after they are
ordered. Following are the components that are regularly used in the construction.

1) Beam Side Panel: - It forms the side of the beams. It is a rectangular structure and
is cut according to the size of the beam
 

FIG 1: BEAM SIDE PANEL

 
         
 

2) Prop Head for Soffit Beam: - It forms the soffit beam. It is a V-shaped
head for easy dislodging of the formwork.

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 8|Page

MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

FIG 2: PROP HEAD FOR SOFFIT BEAM.

3) Beam Soffit Panel: - It supports the soffit beam. It is a plain rectangular structure
of aluminium.
 

FIG 3: BEAM SOFFIT-PANEL

                    

4) Beam Soffit Bulkhead: - It is the bulkhead for beam. It carries most of the bulk
load.

 
FIG 4: - BEAM SOFFIT BULKHEAD

5) Deck Panel: - It forms the horizontal surface for casting of slabs. It is built for proper
safety of workers.    

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 9|Page

MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

FIG 5: - DECK PANEL

 

6) Deck Prop: - It forms a V-shaped prop head. It supports the deck and bears the load
coming on the deck panel.

FIG 6: -DECK PROP

 

7) Prop Length: - It is the length of the prop. It depends upon the length of the slab. 

FIG 7: - DECK PROP LENGTH

 
 

8)  Deck Mid – Beam: - It supports the middle portion of the beam. It holds
the concrete.

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 10 |

Page
MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

FIG 8: - DECK MID-BEAM

9) Soffit Length: - It provides support to the edge of the deck panels at their perimeter
of the room.  

FIG 9: - SOFFIT LENGTH

 
     

10)  Deck Beam Bar: - It is the deck for the beam. This component supports the
deck and beam.  

FIG 10: -DECK BEAM BAR

11) Internal Soffit Corner: - It forms the vertical internal corner between the walls
and the beams, slabs, and the horizontal internal cornice between the walls and the beam
slabs and the beam soffit.

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 11 |

Page
MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

FIG 11: -INTERNAL SOFFIT CORNER

 

12) External Soffit Corner: - It forms the external corner between the
components      

FIG 12: -EXTERNAL SOFFIT CORNER

 

13) External Corner: - It forms the external corner of the formwork system.
 

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 12 |

Page
MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

FIG 13: - EXTENAL CORNER

 

14) Internal Corner: - It connects two pieces of vertical formwork pieces at

their exterior intersections.                 

FIG 14: - INTERNAL CORNERS

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 13 |

Page
MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

 
15) Wall Panel: - It forms the face of the wall. It is an Aluminium sheet properly cut to
fit the exact size of the wall

 
FIG 15: - WALL PANEL
 
16) Rocker: - It is a supporting component of wall. It is L-shaped panel having allotment
holes for stub pin.  

FIG 16: - ROCKER

17) Kicker: - It forms the wall face at the top of the panels and acts as a ledge to support

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 14 |

Page
MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

 FIG 17: - KICKER

  

18) Stub Pin: - It helps in joining two wall panels. It helps in joining two joints
 

FIG 18: - STUB PIN

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 15 |

Page
MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 16 |

Page
MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

ACTIVITIES
MIVAN aims in using modern construction techniques and equipment in all its
projects. On leaving the MIVAN factory all panels are clearly labeled to ensure that they are
easily identifiable on site and can be smoothly fitted together using the formwork modulation
drawings. All formwork begins at a corner and proceeds from there.

FIG 19: - Wall Assembly Details

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 17 |

Page
MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

SIMPLICITY – PIN AND WEDGE SYSTEM

     The panels are held in position by a simple pin and wedge system that passes through
holes in the outside rib of each panel. The panels fit precisely, simply and securely and
require no bracing. Buildings can be constructed quickly and easily by unskilled labour with
hammer being the only tool required. Once the panels have been numbered, measuring is not
necessary. As the erection process is manually, tower cranes are not required. The result is a
typical 4 to 5 day cycle for floor – to – floor construction.
 

EFFICIENT – QUICK STRIP PROP HEAD:

One of the principal technical features which enables this aped to be attained using a
single set of formwork panel is the unique V shaped a prop head which allows the ‘quick
strip’ to take place whilst leaving the propping undisturbed.
THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 18 |
Page
MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

 A) PRE – CONCRETE ACTIVITIES

a) Receipt of Equipment on Site – The equipments is received in the site as ordered.

b) Level Surveys – Level checking are made to maintain horizontal level check.
c) Setting Out – The setting out of the formwork is done.
d) Control / Correction of Deviation – Deviation or any correction are carried out.
e) Erect Formwork – The formwork is erected on site.
f) Erect Deck Formwork – Deck is erected for labours to work.
g) Setting Kickers – kickers are provided over the beam.
     
After the above activities have been completed it is necessary to check the following.
1. All formwork should be cleaned and coated with approved realize agent.
2. Ensure wall formwork is erected to the setting out lines.
3. Check all openings are of correct dimensions, not twist.
4. Check all horizontal formwork (deck soffit, and beam soffit etc.) in level.
5. Ensure deck and beam props are vertical and there is vertical movement in the prop
lengths.
6. Check wall ties, pins and wedges are all in position and secure.
7. Any surplus material or items to be cleared from the area to be cast.
8. Ensure working platform brackets are securely fastened to the concrete. 

 B) ON CONCRETE ACTIVITIES

          At least two operatives should be on stand by during concreting for checking pins,
wedges and wall ties as the pour is in progress. Pins, wedges or wall ties missing could lead
to a movement of the formwork and possibility of the formwork being damaged. This –
effected area will then required remedial work after striking of the formwork.
Things to look for during concreting:
 i.            Dislodging of pins / wedges due to vibration.

ii.            Beam / deck props adjacent to drop areas slipping due to vibration.
iii.            Ensure all bracing at special areas slipping due to vibration.
iv.            Overspill of concrete at window opening etc.
THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 19 |
Page
MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

 POST – CONCRETE ACTIVITIES

i) Strike Wall Form- It is required to strike down the wall form.

ii) Strike Deck Form- The deck form is then removed.
iii) Clean, Transport and stack formwork
iv) Strike Kicker Formwork – The kicker are removed.
v) Strike wall – Mounted on a Working Platform the wall are fitted on next floor.
vi) Erect Wall – Mount Working Platform and the wall is erected.
Normally all formwork can be struck after 12 hours.
 
The post-concreting activity includes:
 
CLEANING
      All components should be cleaned with scrapers and wire brushes as soon as they are
struck. Wire brush is to be used on side rails only.
      The longer cleaning is delayed, the more difficult the task will be. It is usually best to
clean panels in the area where they are struck.
 
 
TRANSPORTING
          There are basic three methods recommended when transporting to the next floor:
i. The heaviest and the longest, which is a full height of  wall panel, can be carried
up the nearest stairway.
ii.            Passes through void areas.
iii.            Rose through slots specially formed in the floor slab for this purpose. Once they have
served their purpose they are closed by casting in concrete filter.
 

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 20 |

Page
MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

STRIKING
Once cleaned and transported to the next point of erection, panels should be stacked at
right place and in right order. Proper stacking is a clean sign of a wall – managed operation
greatly aids the next sequence of erection as well as prevents clutters and impend other
activity.

The formwork is designed using the most economical assortment of panel sizes with the
help of the state-of-the art design software. The use of the software along with the experience
and skill of the designers ensures an efficient construction process by incorporating the
optimum assembly procedures, economical panel selection and ultimately minimizing capital
and operational costs.

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 21 |

Page
MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

Erection of Platform
 
 

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 22 |

Page
MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

Striking of formwork

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 23 |

Page
MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

Positioning of Platform
 

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 24 |

Page
MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

 
Removal of Kicker
 

The basic element of the formwork is the panel, which is an extruded aluminium rail
section, welded to an aluminium sheet. This produces a lightweight panel with an excellent
stiffness to weight ratio, yielding minimal deflection under concrete loading. Panels are
manufactured in the size and shape to suit the requirements of specific projects.        

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 25 |

Page
MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

REMEDIAL MEASURES

In external walls, ties used in shutter connection create holes in wall after deshuttering.
These may become a source of leakage if care is not taken to grout the holes. Due to box-type
construction shrinkage cracks are likely to appear around door and window openings in the
walls. It is possible to minimize these cracks by providing control strips in the structure
which could be concreted after a delay of about 3 to 7 days after major concreting. The
problem of cracking can be avoided by minimizing the heat of hydration by using flyash.

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 26 |

Page
MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Advantages:
• Good speed of construction, because:
– Not much time and skilled workmanship required for fabrication on site
– Definitive location of components avoids delay in assembly
– Simple and quick inter – connections using pins and wedges
– Marking consumes less time owing to the provision of kicker pieces
– Shifting of light-weight components through a slot in the floor slab itself
reduces time and labour involved and avoids lifting machinery also
– Checking can be done quickly
THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 27 |
Page
MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

– Total system forms the complete monolithic concrete structure [includes

staircases, balconies, etc and is custom-designed.

• Excellent degree of pre-engineering [includes minor detailing, sleeves for electrical

main lines, etc.
• Accurate dimensions and right angles, no surface undulations, good smoothness:
Good quality finish is achieved even without plastering the external surfaces.
• Durability of the structure is more than that of the conventional system.
• Debris is reduced, hence an environment friendly method.
• Panels can be re-used for more than 200 times.
• Nails are not required, hence, injuries are avoided.
• Convenient movement of personnel within the area of work, unlike the conventional

forms that occupy a lot of space in stacking, fabrication, etc.

Disadvantages:

• Finishing lines are seen on the RCC surfaces owing to small-sized components.
• It requires modular designs as well as uniform elevations to be cost effective.
• Modifications are not easily possible as all members are cast in RCC.
• Large volume of work [at least 200 repetitions] should be possible to be cost-
effective.

EXAMPLES
     

APPARTMENTS IN MUMBAI BRIGADE-METROPOLIS

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 28 |
Page
MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

BRIGADE-GATEWAY BRIGADE-METROPOLIS

BRIGADE-GATEWAY BRIGADE-GATEWAY

CONCLUSIONS
Construction firms all over the world have been slow to adopt the innovation and
changes. Contractors are a conservative lot. It is the need of time to analyze the depth of the
problem and find effective solutions. MIVAN serves as a cost effective and efficient tool to
solve the problems of the mega housing project all over the world. MIVAN aims to
maximize the use of modern construction techniques and equipments on its entire project.      

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 29 |

Page
MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 
http://www.kormancommunities.com
http://wordpress.com/tag/mivan/
http://adrianniculescu.com

http://delicious.com/tag/mivan

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 30 |

Page
MIVAN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

http://books.google.co.in/books?
id=0P2ZAAAAIAAJ&q=mivan+formwork&dq=mivan+formwork&pgis=1

http://civilprojects.wordpress.com

http://www.architectjaved.com/mivan-formwork/SiteMap.html

http://www.wallties.com

http://en.wikipedia.org

http://picasaweb.google.com

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-
1753272464339212135&q=concrete+forms&ei=EzEOSICLNJny4QLtppSvBA

THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 31 |

Page