Sobha 2 Internship

INTERNSHIP REPORT-SOBHA 2019
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
ABOUT SOBHA LIMITED
 SOBHA Limited is an Indian multinational real estate developers

headquartered in Bangalore.
 The company works in the business of construction, development, sale,
management and operation, townships, housing projects, commercial
premises and other related activities.
 SOBHA Limited was founded in 1995 by Mr.P.N.C Menon. It has
delivered real estate projects and contractual projects covering about
100.31 million square feet of area.
 The company currently has ongoing real estate projects aggregating to
39.09 million square feet of saleable area and ongoing contractual
projects aggregating to 8.89 million square feet under various stage of
construction.
 The company has a real estate presence in 9 cities namely- Bangalore,
Gurgaon, Chennai, Pune, Coimbatore, Thrissur, Calicut, Cochin and
Mysore.
 It has also executed projects for some of India’s corporate houses
including Infosys, WIPRO, HCL, Dell, Bosch, Biocon, Taj group of
hotels and ITC hotels.
 They have achieved growth with background integration in the
construction and real estate development business in India.
 They have started four manufacturing divisions – Glazing and Metal
works, Interiors, Restoplus and concrete products.
 The company and its leadership team have been honoured with over
140 prestigious awards by various reputed institutions.
SOBHA DREAM ACRES Page1

CHAPTER-2
INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT
SOBHA DREAM ACRES
(Sobha dream series project)
The first project of SobhaDream Acres is located at Balegere in Bangalore’s

Golden Quadrilateral, close to IT/ITES companies, malls, hospitals, schools
and colleges.
This is the area which includes the Outer Ring Road(ORR), Sarjapur and
Whitefield. Since 2000, this area has become the centre of the IT/ITES
business which is the main employers for young achievers, who are the core
market for Sobha Dream Acres.
This area is also showing signs that it will become another of Bangalore’s
entertainment and education hub with many malls and schools being planned
and built, which makes buying home here even more attractive.
2.1 KEY SUCCESS FACTORS FOR SOBHA DREAM ACRES

 ORR is the preferred location in Bangalore for the companies looking
to expand and/ or consolidate. We expect this trend to continue for the
next 4 – 5 years.
 ORR and Whitefield collectively employ about 670,000 people in
industries which include IT/ITES, Engineering, R&D, Aerospace etc.
who can afford to invest.
 Combined addition of workforce In ORR and Whitefield by 2020 will
be about 260,000.
 Sobha is one of the most trusted real estate brands in South India.

2.1.1Master plan of SOBHA dream acres
2.1.2View of SOBHA dream acres

2.2 Safety in field
Safety is very much important in site and hence safety training is so much
necessary for the workers who in construction.
General
An accident may occur in site due to the following reasons. They are:
 Unsafe human error

 Unsafe condition
 Unsafe equipment
Hazard in construction environment can be controlled by –
 Elimination
 Substitution
 Administration control
 Personal protection control
 Engineering control
Administration control involves giving training to workers and placing

signals in the construction site. Engineering control involves guarding the
machines with metal shields and so on. Personal protection control involves
safety guards such as:
 Safety shoe
 Knee guards
 Safety mask
 Safety glass
 Helmets
 Goggles

 Aprons
CHAPTER-3
Precast method of construction
Precast concrete is a construction product produced by casting concrete in a

reusable mould or “form” which is then cured in a controlled environment ,
transported to the construction site and lifted into place (‘tilt up”). Precast
concrete is an industrialized way to build. It means the transfer of work from
sites to factories. This improves productivity and quality and shortens
construction time of a building. It lowers the costs of the construction.
Fig 3.1 SOBHA PRECAST
Precast also has lower lifetime costs than any other building solution. It is
possible due to consistent high quality of industrially produced products.
Precast minimizes the structural and facade maintenance. With precast,
logistics needs are minimal. Precast floors, walls, frames and foundations are
transported to a construction site ready- to-install. Logistics to building site is

arranged with just one delivery vehicle instead of several raw material
transfers back and forth.
Precast concrete suits well for any type of building like residential,
commercial, industrial, public to name a few. There is a suitable solution for
both indoor and outdoor precast production. The smart match can be found
for different kinds of building projects in terms of elements produced, factory
capacity and labour needs. Precast can be made into any shape or colour and
finished with several techniques. This together with longer span gives
architects and designers more freedom than ever. Precast is used within
exterior and interior walls, the precast concrete is affording the opportunity to
properly cure and be closely monitored by plant employees.
Advantages:
 Precast is always of the highest quality since it is an industrially

produced building material.
 Precast consumes very less time compared to the conventional type of
construction.
 Compared to cast-in-situ, precast uses less of everything – less cement,
less water, less steel and less labour. It produces less waste on the sire
and in the factory.
 Precast offers a safer and healthier working environment.
 Material handling is easier and less scaffolding is needed.
 Precast construction works virtually in all environments.
 Precast construction is Eco-friendly.
 It is easy to make many copies of the same precast product by
maximizing repetition.

 Weather is eliminated as a factor as we can cast in any weather

conditions and get the same results.
Why to prefer precast only

PRECAST BUILDINGS CONVENTIONAL BUILDINGS
Environment friendly. Non-environment friendly.
Greater feasible: Design and Not feasible.

manufacturing at same location.
Construction is faster. Construction is comparatively slower.
Designed, manufactured and tested Concrete cast at site where

under supervision of experienced contractors do not take care of mix
management. design proportions.
Cost of formwork per unit to be lower Special design and features developed
than for the site-cast production. for each project at higher costs.
Entire concrete blocks are cured Curing is not done uniformly at sites.
uniformly for the required amount of
time.
Production is not hampered with Production is severely hampered.
weather delays.
Aesthetically pleasing appearance. Special aesthetic design is required.
The precast components are usually produced in two systems
1. Circulation system
2. Stationary system
The construction of buildings using prefabricated elements by sobha mainly

has been divided into 4 processes. They are Production, Transiting, Erection
and Finishing.

CHAPTER-4
Production
Up to 400,000 m2 large-area wall and floor elements with many different

precast element geometrics and dimensions will in future be annually
manufactured in the Sobha precast plant in Bangalore. In addition, complex
special elements, precast stairs, facade elements and structural reinforced-
concrete members such as columns and beams have been manufactured in
Bangalore. The degree of automation in precast element production in the
new Sobha plant in Bangalore was optimally adjusted to the basic constraints
encountered in India. Special attention was paid to machine technology from
concrete placement to logistic shipping procedures. A CADCAM controlled,
large- scale Smart Plot large-scale plotter draws the contours 1:1 onto the
formwork surface with water-soluble markings at a scale of 1:1 and with a
precision of 1mm. The automatic operation and the speed of the plotter of up
to 5m/s notably streamline the production processes.
The concrete is cast by gantry-guided Smart Cast concrete distributor. A

pneumatic screw-discharged unit assures precise concrete batching and can
be infinitely adjusted for various concrete consistencies. A rotating
distribution roller prevents formation of dump cones and ensures optimal
concrete flow up to the point of discharge. The concrete is supplied by a
state-of-the-art concrete mixer plant with Liebherr technology. Concrete
compaction takes place in a low-frequency, low-noise Smart Compact
vibration station by eccentric drives.

Sobha precast plant manufactures elements in 2 systems:
1. Circulation system
In the circulation system, pallets are used for production of precast
elements. Pallets are defined as Mild steel table which moves from one
station to another station with the help of rollers. There are different
sections in the Circulation System such as reinforcement section,
shuttering section, cage fixing, plumbing and electrical works, quality
control checking etc.
Procedure:
 Firstly, the pallets are cleaned to remove the traces of old concreting
and lubricating oil is applied on moulds.
 After a fixed time, the pallet moves to next station where marking is
done. In the marking station, Robotic plotter marks the dimensions on
the pallet using paint.
 Shuttering work is carried out by magnets.

Fig 4.1 Automatic wire machine
 The reinforcement cage id prepared based on the details provided in

the shop drawing.
 The corrugated dowel tubes are placed at its position.
 In shear joints, loop wire boxes are inserted. Then their positions are
maintained using cover blocks.
 Plumbing and electrical conduits were placed as per the design.
 The reinforcement cages are lifted using gantry cranes of varying
capacity. Then the pallet moves for concreting work.
 At concreting station, the concrete is received from the batching plant.
The concrete flows in different compartments where there is whirline.
Fig 4.2 Concrete pouring machine &Vibrator

 After concreting, there is vibration of the pallet table. After the trowel
finishing, the element is sent to curing chamber for 10 – 12 hours.
 De-shuttering or de-moulding of elements is carried out.

 Finally, post pour actions such as cutting extra projection of corrugated

tubes, fixing Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags etc. And
quality check is also carried out.
 Then the precast components are shifted to stock yards by using
Geodetic cranes and in stocky yards and they are protected by proper
cushions to prevent damages.
2. Stationary system
The elements which are not able to be casted in circulation system are
casted in stationary system like sun shades, staircase etc. In this system
all the process of casting happens at a place hence the name stationary
system came.
Fig 4.3 Staircase making mould

CHAPTER-5
Erection
Erection is a process in which the precasted elements are lifted to their pre-
planned or pre decided place with the help of crane.
The process of erection can be divided into Marking, Erection, Alignment,

Grouting and Internal finishing
5.1 Erection tools:
1. Equipments
 Tower crane
Fig 5.1.1 Tower Crane

 Mobile tower crane
 Pick and carry crane
 Trailers
2. Hand tools

 Hammer – 3LB and 16LB

 Rope Bars
 Crow Bars
 Flash anchors and fasteners
 Shim pads – 2mm, 3mm, 5mm, 10mm
3. Alignment tools
 Spirit level -1m and 2m
 Lasers
 Right angles
Fig 5.1.2 Spirit level

Fig 5.1.3 Right angle
4. Machineries
 Hammer drills- 3kg and 5kg
 Impact wrinch
 Welding machine

 Hydraulic jacks
 Chipping machine- 5kg and 10kg
5.2 Types of Elements in Erection:-
1. Walls
a) WA walls
 The Thickness of WA walls is 200mm.
 These walls are used as main walls.
b) WB walls
 The Thickness of WB walls is 160mm.
c) WC walls
 The Thickness of WC walls is 100mm.
d) WD walls
 The Thickness of WD walls is 250mm.
 These walls are used as retaining walls.
e) WE walls
 The Thickness of WE walls is 300mm.
 These walls are used as wall columns.
2. Columns
a) CA columns
 The thickness of CA columns is 300mm.
 These are used in tower area.

b) CB columns
 The thickness of CB columns is 350mm.
 These are used in podium.
3. Beams
a) BA beams
 The breadth of these beam is 300mm.
 These are used in tower area.
b) BB beams
 The breadth of these beams is 750mm.
 These are used in podium.
4. Slabs
a) HA slabs
 These are used in tower areas.
 The height of lattice girder is 55mm.
b) HB slabs
 These are provided at the non-tower areas.
 The height of lattice girder in lower basements area is 128mm.
 The height of lattice girder is in upper basements area is 168mm.
5.3 Materials required:-
The grade of various materials shall be as follows:-

1. Lean concrete (P.C.C)

Provide lean concrete of mix 1:4:8 (1cement:4fine aggregate :8graded
coarse aggregate)
2. Concrete mix
Concreting shall be done in dry weather conditions and dry site
conditions. All concrete shall be of design mix and shall be weigh
batched, machine mixed and mechanically vibrated. Only potable
water shall be used for the mixing of concrete.
a. Columns and beams
b. Walls
c. Slabs
d. Stairs and landings
e. RCC topping
f. Foundation footing and raft
3. Reinforcement
All reinforcing steel shall be of high strength deformed bars
conforming to IS 1786– 2008. And a grade Fe 500 shall be used which
is having a specified yield strength of fy=500N/mm2 and having
elongation of more than 14.5 percent.
4. Grout
Grout is used for filling the gaps and joints. The grout applied is of
high precision, non – shrink, non – metallic, chloride free, cementious
expanding. The compressive strength of the grout must exceed
50N/mm2 at 7 days and 60N/mm2 at 28 days.
5. Structural steel
All steel used for structural members and connections shall be of hot
rolled mild steel of weldable quality conforming to IS 2062.
Steel grade E250 shall be used with following mechanical properties:
Yield stress : fy=250N/mm2

Tensile strength : fu=420N/mm2
5.4 FOUNDATION
Foundation is the substructure of the building. Which transfers the load
from superstructure to the ground.
Design of the foundation is based on geotechnical investigation summary

report by Geo engineering company. Net safe bearing capacity value is
40.0T/m2 (SBC) at a depth below EGL.
In the present project mainly two types of footing are used:

1. Isolated footing
Footing which are provided under each column independently are called
as isolated footing. They are usually square, rectangular or circular in
section. Footing is laid on PCC. Before laying PCC termite control is done
to restrict the termites to damage the footing. These footing are most
economical when compared to other kind of footing. These kind of footing
are provided where the soil bearing capacity is generally high. Isolated
footing comprise of a thick slab which may be flat or stepped or sloped. It
is most commonly used footings for reinforced cement concrete column
because it is simple and most economical.

This type of footing is used when –
 Columns are not closely spaced.

 Loads on footings are less.
 Safe bearing capacity of the soil is generally high.
Fig 5.4.1 Isolated footing
Advantages of isolated footings:-
 More economical when columns are placed at longer distances.

 Ease of constructability – Excavation,Formwork, Reinforcement
and placing of concrete.
 Workmen with little or no knowledge can easily construct an
Isolated footing.
2. Raft or mat footing

When the column loads are heavy or the safe bearing capacity of soil is
very low. The required footing area become very large. As mentioned
this footing is in shallow foundation. So in order to spread the load

over large are, the footings are overlapped each other instead of
providing each footing on each column all columns are placed in
common footing. A raft foundation is a solid reinforced concrete slab
covering entire are beneath the structure and supporting all the
columns. Such foundation due to its own rigidity minimizes differential
settlements.
Steps construction of Isolated involved in the footings:-
a) Positioning the footing location :-

Before starting the construction of footing, the required layout sheet of
the footing which is to be done must be checked. The structural
drawing of the design shows the place where the footing is to be
implemented. According, to the design we mark the footing point on
the ground as shown in the picture.
b) Earth excavation :-
It is a process of excavating a trench on the earth for the footing
purpose. The size of the trench should bigger in both the sides than the
footing size. Excavation of soil is done up to the required depth. For
isolated footing, the depth to should be one and half times the width of
the foundation. For the hard soils, when the depth of excavation is less
than 1.5m the sides of the trench do not need any external support. If
the soil is loose or the excavation is deeper, some sort of sharing is
required to support the sides from falling.
c) Soil compaction :-
Soil compaction is the process where a mechanical pressure is used to
compress the soil mass for the purpose of increasing the strength.

Many methods are available to perform this process. The technique

used in this footing is by rolling. In rolling, a heavy cylinder is rolled
over the surface of the soil to make the soil compact. Soil compaction
is carried out layer by layer. Every single layer in the compaction is
having a thickness of 300mm. then for the each layer in the soil
compaction.
d) Dynamic cone penetration test :-

It is used to measure the strength of in-situ soil and the thickness and
location of subsurface soil layers. It is similar to CPT in that a
metal cone is advanced into the ground to continuously characterize
soil behavior. The resulting downward movement is then measured.
As the soil compaction is made before, then the dcp test is applied on
to the each layer of the soil compaction.
e) Plain cement concrete(PCC) :-

Plain cement concrete is a mixture of cement, fine aggregates, and
coarse aggregate of 1:6 ratio of mixture of fine aggregates, cement
and specific proportion of water. To create a firmed leveled surface for
the construction of footing pcc is laid. The pcc is always laid before
construction of footing to avoid direct between the ground and the
materials used in footing. Thereby, preventing the structure from the
damage. After the dcp test is completed, pcc is poured on to the
footing pits having a thickness of 100mm and thoroughly vibrated by
the means of mechanical vibrators till a dense concrete is obtained.
Then the freshly laid concrete should be cured. It is protected from
rain by suitable covering. Then curing is done for about 6 -7 days.
Once the curing is completed, we mark the footing dimension as per

mentioned in the planning. Based on the planning, we provide suitable

reinforcement for columns.
f) Reinforcement :-
Concrete is good in resisting compression but it is very weak in
resisting tension. Hence, reinforcement is provided in the concrete
wherever tensile stress is expected. The best reinforcement is steel,
since tensile strength of steel is quite high and the bond between steel
and concrete is good. As the elastic modulus of steel is high, for the
same extension the force resisted by steel is high compared to
concrete.
In this footing, the recommended bar diameter is 20mm for the

column reinforcement. Reinforcement steels are placed by coordinate
point equipments and from bottom to top column will be of same
dimension.
5.5 Installation of precast walls
The method and sequence of installing wall panels are outlined as follows:-
1. Precast walls are manufactured and will require the use of a crane to
lift the precast walls off from the delivery truck and into the correct
spots for installation.
2. Walls are lifted one after the other with the help of the cranes.
3. The places where and all the walls need to be installed are initially
fixed with the dowel rods having size of 20mm.
4. Precast walls will be having inbuilt holes called as dowel tube made at
the time of manufacturing itself. So, the walls are lifted and it is fixed
on to the dowel rods through the dowel tubes present below the base of
the walls.

5. The dowel tubes of the precast walls are joined onto the dowel rods.
Likewise, all the walls are installed throughout the flat.
There are mainly three types of wall joints:

 Shear loop joint
 Profile joint
 Plain joint
 Shear loop joint:
There are single looped and double looped shear loops. In retaining
walls single looped joints are used and in areas where there is more
shear loads like lift areas double looped joints are used. Loop joint has
220mm long wire bent in the form of a loop during the production
process only. 100mm length is exposed out and 20-25mm of
overlapping is maintained between the adjacent loops. A 12mm
diameter steel inserted between the loops of adjacent walls which is
called a shear key.
 Profile joint:
Profile joint has groves of size 80*210mm and depth of 20mm each
wall consists of 5 numbers of such grooves. Profile joints are provided
where the shear force is considerable.
 Plain joint:
Plain joints are provided where there is negligible shear force. Usually
provided between non-load bearing wall which are of 100mm

Fig 5.5.1 Shear loop joint Fig 5.5.2 Plain joint
After fixing these walls to its position, a push and pull prope is attached to the
wall for providing supports. There will be two push and pull prope on each
wall for giving supports.
1. By providing these supports, they ensure that the wall is fixed in a

level.
2. The level of the wall is checked by placing the level staff onto the
wall which follows bubble indication test.
3. Also the level of the wall is checked by the right angle staff. In this
process, if they found that the level is improper then it is
immediately rectified.
4. Once the walls are fixed and its levels are checked, a square shaped
slim pad is placed between the concrete members.
5. They function as buffers between the separate concrete members to
prevent damage and facilitate movement.
6. In this precast concrete construction, a bearing pad is installed
beneath the end of each double –tee beam and under other beams
and panels.
7. The walls having thickness of 100mm is installed in bedrooms and
kitchen. For which, the dowels rods given will be of size 16mm and
height 150mm.
8. And 200mm and 160mm walls have seismic reinforcement
vertically on the top of the wall edges which will help for holding
slab at the top.
9. Seismic reinforcement is the modification of existing structure to
make them more resistant to seismic activities, ground motion or
soil failure due to earthquakes.

10.Wherever, we witness the L- joints happening between the walls,

wires will be present in both the walls.
11.Each wall will be having 6 pairs of wires. Then the wires are taken
alternatively from both the walls and are joined by fixing a rod of
12mm in between them for the grouting purpose.
5.6 Grouting for horizontal joints
1. Before starting the process of grouting, we need to shutter the joints

and edges of the walls.
2. At ‘L’ joints, L shaped steel plates are shuttered to cover the gaps using
screws.
3. At the plane joints, plane steel plates are used to cover the gaps using
screws.Filler foam After the shuttering is done the pourable grout mix
is poured from the top until the complete gap is filled.
4. The bottom of the wall edges are filled by Backer rod for controlling
the leakage through the grout.
Fig 5.6.1Filler foam and Backer rod
5. Grouting work for vertical joints and Dowel tubes

6. The materials used in preparing are 1bag of GP2N and water. 1bag of
GP2N will be containing 25kg of cement.
7. Water is added to the cement, GP2N in the ratio 1:4 which is mixed by
using a grouting machine called as Putzmeister.
Fig 5.6.2 Putzmeister
8. This grouting machine consists of two main parts:-

i. Mixer [150kg capacity]
ii. Hamper [100kg capacity]
9. It is basically a sensor machine by opening the top cover the grout is
transmitted through the pipe.
10.And the machine will be having a pressure gauge of 60Pa for
transferring grout to the destination.
11.Following this procedure, grouting mixture is poured at joints and the
Dowel tubes.
12.After the grout has been cured completely. We take the shutters out
and gap is filled with the mixture of cement and M-sand with
appropriate water content.
5.7 Slab installation

The erection of precast is done. It has to be supported. The process

of supporting the slab is called as propping. Propping is done using
H-beams and heavy duty props.
Fig 5.7.1 Slab installation
1. The tops of the precast walls are made into L shaped for the slab to fit
on it correctly.
2. Slabs to be installed in typical floors will be having thickness of 60mm
reinforced with Lattice Girder.
3. We erect these precast slabs with the help of cranes on to the top of the
wall support.
4. Based on the top surface clearance, the level of the slab is determined.
5. After slab has been erected completely, we have to focus on the 90mm
conventional slab by binding the seismic rods alternatively.
6. Reinforcement is provided to the conventional slab as per the design
specified by the designers –
i. Providing edge bars or bottom bars at edges.
ii. Seismic bars from walls are bent on the slabs alternatively and
tightened with Lattice Girder.

iii. Providing U-bars of developing length having diameter of 8mm.
Z bars UP -Stand bars U - bars
7. Up stand bars having 8mm thickness are provided in the area of 50mm
down at the bathroom. We have to make the surface equal by using
these up stand reinforcement.
8. Crank bars are provided in the area of bathroom
9. And for the balcony. 10mm connecting rods and u-bars are provided
because of its contiliver property. These 10mm rods are connected with
the 8mm crank bars.
10.All the slab reinforcement are tightened to the precast slab with the
help of Lattice Grid.
11. A layer of concrete is poured and surface clearance is taken after the
curing of the cement.
12.Simultaneously all the works such as pouring cement after
reinforcement, erections will be taking place at the same time.
13.After complete curing, for the erection of next floor slab a red color is
marked which indicates the point where the wall needs to be fixed and
even the dimensions of the wall will be also marked together.
14.Then a blue color mark is made for safeguarding the electrical pipes.
15.And the stairs side of the slab edges included corbel supports for
installation of staircase.


CHAPTER-6
Basement
The floor of a building which is partly or entirely below ground level. Used
for parking of vehicles and other purposes. In this apartment we can find two
types of basement in each wing. They are:-
1) Lower Basement
2) Upper Basement
6.1 Activity of Lower Basements
Compaction of soil:-
Soil compaction is defined as the method of mechanically increasing the
density of soil in construction. This is a significant part of the building
process.
If performed improperly, settlement of the soil could occur and results in

unnecessary maintenance costs or structure failure. Almost all types of
buildings sites and construction projects utilize mechanical compaction
techniques.
In this process compacting the soil layer by layer, the each layer thickness is
minimum 100mm. after compacting of required height, test the soil density
by the method of dynamic cone penetration test (DCP)
Dynamic cone penetration test (DCP):
Dynamic cone penetration test has been successfully utilized for estimating
the strength of soils and the thickness and location of subsurface soil layer.

The Dynamic cone penetration used consists of 16mm steel rod, to which a
tempered steel cone with a 20mm base diameter and a 60 point angle
attached. The DCP is driven into the soil by the 8kg hammer with a dropping
height of 575mm.
Fig 6.1.1 Dynamic cone penetration
The DCP index or reading is defined as the penetration depth (D) in mm as

per the drops of hammer, the maximum penetration depth is 20mm, if the
penetration is more than the 20mm it require again soil compaction.
Granular sub base (GSB):
Granular sub base is a layer of flooring on compacted soil &The layer of

materials typically contains a crushed stone 10to15cm thickness&

Manufacture sand with proper water content and give surface clearance . The
completion of GSB layer. Have to lay the polyethylene sheet on GSB
surface.
Low Density Polyethylene (LDP) Sheet:
Low density polyethylene sheet has a big role in offering plastic protection. It
is used to control the water drops from Plain cement concrete to the granular
sub base layer . Then pour the plain cement concrete on LDP sheet.
Fig 6.1.2 Low Density Polyethylene Sheet on GSB
Plain Cement Concrete (PCC):
Plain Cement Concrete is a mixture of cement , fine aggregate and coarse

aggregate of 1:6 ratio of mixture of fine aggregates, cement and specific
proportion of water. It’s generally used in the field for making level surface

before casting load bearing RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) structures

such as footing, slabs on grade which transfer load into the earth.
Fig 6.1.3 Plain Cement Concrete on LDP Sheet
Vacuum Dewatered Flooring (VDF):
Vacuum Dewatered Flooring is a special type of flooring techniques to

achieve high strength longer life , better finish and faster work. This type of
floor is suitable for high abrasion & heavy traffic movement. The VDF is a
system for laying high quality concrete floor. Concrete Vacuum
Dewatering System.
The method involves the laying of concrete in the following sequences:
 Adopting the VD flooring method facilitates use of concrete with better

workability than what is normally possible.
 Poker vibration (Specially on both sides of the panel) is a always
essential for floor thickness of 100mm with reinforcement.
 Surface vibration using double beam surface vibrator.
 Leveling the vibrated surface with a straight edges

 Vacuum dewatering using vacuum pump and suction mat top curves
filter pads
 Flooring and troweling of the concrete pavement using Trimix flooring
machine.
Fig 6.1.4 Reinforcement for VD Flooring
6.2 Working activity of Upper Basements:
It is also a basement for the use of parking purpose of vehicle. In upper

basement only VD flooring work is done. Before VDF have to do bore
packing works and Test the water leaking problems and clearance from
plumbing deportment. Both upper and lower basements
 Both Upper Basements and Lower Basements has fireproofing

application for the sake of safety of peoples and safety of vehicles. And
Basements consists plumbing application for transport the waste water
from building to the STP tank.

 Both Upper basement and lower Basements VD Flooring clearance is

shown in the fig below.
Fig 6.2.1 VD Flooring Clearance both Upper and Lower Basements
CHAPTER-7
Finishing Works
7.1 Snagging

Snagging does not have an agreed meaning and is not a contractual term. It is
a slang expression widely used in the construction industry to define the
process of inspection necessary to compile a list of minor defects or
omissions in building works for the contractor to rectify.Generally snagging
refers to a process that takes place a fortnight or so prior to practical
completion when an area is considered complete and offered ready for
inspection. Snagging is common term throughout construction.
A snag is typically something that is damaged or broken. It can also be

something that has not been fitted properly or looks unfinished. Examples
might include a large scratch on wall, missing handle on a cupboard, or a
faulty tap. Most snags tend to be cosmetic, however more serious defects can
arise such as poor tiling of a bathroom or radiators if don’t work properly.
In an ideal world, snagging takes place a few weeks before practical

completion and is typically carried out by the project manager, who is acting
as contract administrator. For residential building projects it is often done in
conjunction with the client. On very large projects, where there are multiple
buildings for example, sometimes the snagging list is split up and completed
in phases as each section of the project becomes ready for inspection.
Snagging inspections need to be done after there has been a proper clean. The
area should be cleaned throughout and should be fully accessible. The spaces
should be clear of any tools or materials. There should also be full, permanent
lighting to ensure that everything can be easily inspected, systems such as hot
water, alarms, ventilation or under floor heating should all be checked to be
in good working order.
A snagging list is prepared and issued by the company Sobha itself, typically
to the engineers. The company, Sobha has its own procedure in snagging
process. In this snagging list, we can find various stages from beginning to

the end of the process. The stages which are been included in the snag list are
as follows –
1. Snagging 1
2. Snagging 2
3. Snagging 3
4. Snagging 4
7.2 STAGE 1: SNAGGING PROCESS 1
The precast walls will be erected by the erection department. After the
completion of erection, clearance is taken from the erectors for pursuing the
next process. Hence, after taking clearance from the erectors, we need to get
through into the faults and incomplete work in the flat. The whole task is
divided into each department in each different processes. The work which is
to be performed in this stage is as follows-
Bore packing
Bore packing is one of the preparatory works for water proofing. This is to be
ensured in plumbing and electrical penetrations. For example, bore packing
will be done for plumbing lines that are crossing the RCC members in toilets.
Bore packing is the process of fixing plumbing pipes in RCC members (slabs
or beams or RCC walls) in their cut outs/core cuts.
Procedure involved in bore packing:-
Initially, clearance is taken from the erectors. The core cutting location is
marked first on the floor considering the tile layout. Then the core cutting is
done with diameter slightly higher than the plumbing pipe. For better
bonding, side face of the core cutting and plumbing pipe should be

roughened. From the bottom shuttering is done for holding the bore packing
material. Then the plumbing pipe is positioned properly in vertical manner
and the pipe fixing is done by aligning it. After this, the another process
called grouting is to be performed. In grouting, the material is filled into the
gaps found all around the pipe. Here, the aggregate mixture, water and
ceragrout is used as the filling material. The grouting mixture consists of 1
part off grovels and 3 parts of ceralex. All these processes are take place
simultaneously. After grouting, we leave that up to two hours for the water
proofing work. Also GP2 cement is used for flooring. In each and every step,
the designers specifications is been followed strictly. After the completion of
bore packing, we remove the shutters which is used to cover the packing and
then surface is cleaned. This ends the process of bore packing.
Fig7.2.1 Bore Packing for plumbing pipe
Mesh and putty works
While there are many products, including joint compound and spackle, that
can be used to patch or smooth out different types of walls. Wall putty is
particularly useful on plaster or concrete walls. Wall putty can fill in small

cracks and holes and adding a couple thin layers over the wall improve its
appearance and help paint adhere better.
Once erection has been completed, there will be definitely gaps and joints
between the walls. So, the gaps between these walls should be filled. Hence,
meshes are used to avoid crack formed due to the insufficient gap filling
between the walls. On the interior walls, it is often applied in corners since
the walls seldom is entirely connected which give a risk for shrink and
movement cracks which the mesh lowers. Mesh work is for vertical joints of
walls, corners and floors of toilets.
The wire mesh is fixed to the connecting parts bet. The wall and the beam,
panel and the column and door hole and the ring beam. We should make
smooth and straighten the steel wire mesh before attaching. The mesh used is
having a width of 15cm which is placed at corners in right angle of in L shape
with equal length of 7.5cm at each of the walls. The cement paste and the
professional mortor is used as primer. Then we plaster and make pack it
down hard in layers and make sure that there is no cavity.
When the gap is filled with mesh, we should clean the surface of the wall.
Then the putty works starts. If the undulation or minor, it will be filled and
leveled with putty itself. For major undulation on the wall surface, plaster
work is provided.
Give the putty to dry, then smooth it out by sanding over it lightly with fine
sandpaper. And the patched areas are then coated with a primer. Only a one
coat of primer is applied on to the wall. And the level is checked, if any low
areas are found, then it is leveled by applying a coat of primer. After the
completion of putty works, the electrical holes entirely in the flat. Finally
passages and electrical boxes are prepared using springs or threads.

Fig 7.2.2 Mesh work and putty at corner joint
Plumbing
It is a system that conveys fluids a wide range of applications. Plumbing uses

pipes, valves, plumbing fixtures, tanks and other apparatuses to convey
fluids. After cleaning the surface as mentioned in previous step then the water
proofing is done. Water proofing technique used is referred to as Haunching.
Haunching is a process of making the sharp corners into smooth curve in

areas like floor and wall junctions. By providing haunching in corner the
waterproofing layer will get more are when compared with corner surface.
And it helps in placing waterproofing layer easily which is mainly applicable
to toilet and balcony floors.
Surface is made free from oil, grease or any other particles. Cement mortar is
prepared in the ratio 1:3. And then the proofing material cerolex is added

with cement mortar. After mixing the cement mortar is splattered over the
surface
To ensure the waterproofing works were done correctly with no leakages, the
company runs out tests to rule out any water leakages. Once the company has
completed the waterproofing works in the designated area, our team ensures
the area is leak-free by conducting a pond test after the standard curing
period.
A pond test is carried by sealing up all drainage exists in the area and
flooding the entire area by filling up water completely. The test is carried out
for 24 hours. By doing so, we apply a layer of pressure on the internal layer
without exceeding the hydrostatic head of the external layer to test the
integrity of the water repellant barrier. Any significant water level reduction
over the testing period will signify a leak in one of the cervices. When that
happens, then steps are taken to detect such leakages. The leakages can be
stopped by patching or in rare cases where the leak cannot be identified, the
entire process is repeated once again.

Fig7.2.3 Pond test Fig 7.2.4 Pressure test
Screeding
Screeding a floor is the simple act of applying a well blended mixture of

ordinary Portland cement with graded aggregates and water to a floor base, in
order to form a sturdy sub-floor that is capable of taking on the final floor
finfish or act as a final wearing surface. It is one of the most vital steps in
flooring that plays a major role in ensuring the quality, finish and durability
of the entire flooring.

Fig 7.2.5 Bathroom area screeding

Procedure for floor screeding :-
After taking clearance from the electrical department, we need to evaluate the
surface of the base. Firstly, the bull mark is fixed by the erections department.
Depending on this mark, the length of the screeding floor is taken as per
mentioned in the planning.
But before the start of screeding, the floor cleaning and surface preparation is
carried out. The surface is cleaned up thoroughly to remove dust, dirt or any
loose other particles. Bull marking is made by using dumpy level and
scale(level staff). If any chipping work is to be done before the flooring, then
it is finished off first. Then based on the bull mark mentioned, we leave the
height of 0.5cm from that mark for laying the tiles. From there the complete
screeding work is carried out.
Screeding is done by using the well blended mixture ordinary Portland

pazzalona cement, graded aggregates and water. The standard mix ratio is 1:6
mix design. Screed needs to be mixed using a forced action to ensure that it is
correctly batched. The concrete mixture is poured onto the floor. Then the
leveling of the floor is made by filling the low areas. We let the concrete to
settle onto the floor. The same procedure is carried out for the floors of toilets
and balcony screeding. But a small difference is that the screeding of balcony
is made at a depth of 35mm from the floor main hall and screeding of
bathroom is at the depth of 20mm from the main hall. Hence, after the
leveling is made proper, the concrete will take maximum time for curing
purpose. Therefore, after the completion of curing work, next tiling process is
carried out.
Tiling

A tile is a thin object usually square or rectangular in shape. Tile is a

manufactured piece of hard – wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal,
baked clay, or even glass, generally used for covering roofs, floors, walls, or
other objects such as tabletops. And the physical act of laying these tiles is
subjected to as tiling.
Main floor tiling
Once the screeding work is completed, we need to clean the floor from dust,
dirt and other solid particles. This ensures that the tiled surface will be in a
level. First we need to identify the bull mark made by the erector. Then going
1m below from the bull mark we should place the tiles. A centre line is
marked by using string of wire. Dividing the lobby into two halves and even
along the opening also. This mark will help us to give a clear picture for
laying the tiles.
Once the marking is finished, the adhesive mixture is prepared. Adhesive

contains 30kg of fixal cement and 7litres of water. Here, the fixal cement will
act as fixing material. Pour just about an entire bag of fixal cement with
appropriate measurements to make a paste. When the mixture is ready, it is
poured on to the floor and notched trowel is used to obtain an even layer. It is
worked in small sections to keep the mixture from drying before the tile is in
position. Then the tiles are place one after the another on the floor.
In this flooring, tile dimension for the hall and rooms used is
600mm×600mm. And the vertical tiles are provided to the edges of the floor.
When we get a wall where a standard tile will not fit, then it is marked and
cuts are made with the help of a tile cutter. The space between every tile is
2mm, which is compulsory so that uniform distance is maintained between
the tiles.

Tiling from main hall to the balcony is done below at a 35mm depth and
20mm depth from the main hall to the bathroom floor respectively. When all
the tiles are finished laying, we allow the tiles to dry before grouting. Then
we cover the tile with air bubble sheets to avoid dust and other particles being
entering onto the tiled floor.
Wall tiling
Wall tiles can be installed over drywall and plaster, but in wet areas, they
should be installed over cement board. We make sure that the surface is free
from dust or any other particles. We begin the tile layout by finding the
center of the wall, then we use a split level to create interesting vertical and
horizontal layout lines. Then adjust the layout lines as needed for the best
appearance along with the layout lines, spaces for grout joints will be also
included. Preparing the adhesive used is fixal. Then we apply the adhesive to
the wall with a notched trowel, holding the trowel at about 45 degrees so the
furrows of adhesive are uniform in height. Then the installation of wall tiles
begins.
The thickness of the tiles is 8mm and its dimension is 300mm×300mm. the
tiles are placed and pressed firmly to embed them into the adhesive and 2mm
space is left between each and every tile so as to maintain uniformity. Finally,
after completion of fixing all the tiles it is left to get dried. In the next stage,
grouting material is added.
Balcony and toilet tiling
Initially we need to make surface to be prepared for tiling by cleaning the

surface. The surface is cleaned by removing dirt and dust. We make sure that
the floor is flat, smooth and well bonded to the sub-floor. By following the
manufacturer directions, adhesive is prepared.

Superfixal is used as fixing material because it is a wet area. As we know,

this is totally a wet area, hence special attention should be taken for not
letting a water to leak. Haunching is the best waterproofing technique used to
reduce leakage of water. Once the water proofing test is efficiently executed,
then to the small batch of layer, the concrete mixture is spread onto the
surface with the notched trowel. Then we lay several pieces of tile with tile
spacers to establish even grout lines. The tiles are firmly pressed so that there
are no air bubbles underneath.
Fig 7.2.6 Balcony floor tiling

Fig 7.2.7 Kitchen Wall tiling
Electrical holes clearances :- Holes clearances are taken by using spring or

threads. The unwanted electrical holes are cleaned and filled with cement.
Hence, this ends the snagging 1 process.
7.3 STAGE 2 : SNAGGING PROCESS 2
 In this stage, clearance is taken for incorporating frames for the doors
and the windows.
 The opening of the door in the erected wall will be having an extra one
inch for the frame to fit.
 Cement is applied about an inch so that frames can be installed to the
wall.
 Based on requirements and the measurements mentioned in the design
a layer is filled with cement.
 After the cement has cured, frames are fixed to the wall.

 Once, the frames of doors and windows are installed, there will be gaps
between the frames and the wall.
 In this construction, we can witness both front architrave and back
architrave. Architrave is used to cover up the frames where horizontal
head casing extends across the tops of the vertical side casings where
the elements join.
 Soundafoam is used as ideal gap filler. It is a sealant offering superior
adhesion to concrete and the frames.
 And a second coat of primer is applied onto the walls.
 Electric lines are drawn for the sockets and outlets, then the wires are
drawn through the passages
 The gap that is been left between the tiles are filled with recommended
grouting material.
 Finally the sanitary fittings such as commodes, taps, showers, basin,
sinks and the necessary accessories are installed.
 After the quality checking is been completed clearance is taken. This
ends the processes of snagging 2.

 Almost all the works will be completed in the previous stage only,
if any task is pending then it is finished off.
 Electrical switched are installed at the specified points.
 Paint is applied to the walls. If any undulations are found means it
is cleared while painting only.
 Sanding papers are used to remove material from surfaces and to
make the walls smoother.
 Measurements of ceiling and the ceiling to the wall is taken for each
room and the main hall and then ceiling is installed.
 If they found any minor dots and damages, there itself it is rectified.
 Replacing of the damages is done.
 Totally, the flat will be completed with all the pending works.
 Clearance is taken after the quality checking is completed.

 This is the last phase of the snagging process.

 Checking the complete walls for the minute errors. Minute errors
are to be found then it is corrected by the checking department.
 Dots and damages are rectified.
 It is checked that whether the painting is done correctly or not.
 Electrical and light corrections are made.
 Taps are checked whether connection is proper or not.
 Tiles being installed are checked, corrected and cleaned.
 Doors and windows found in hall, kitchen, rooms, toilets and
balcony are checked finally for the correction.
 Finally quality check is done by the checking department. Once it is
completed then the whole flat is cleaned to remove dirt, dust and
other unwanted particles.
 This ends the processes of snagging stage 4 and the finished
building is handed over.

Fig 7.5.1 Completed Flat
Fig 7.5.2 External finishing

Conclusion
In this internship, I have learned a lot about the prevent scenario in the
field of Civil Engineering System. I have gained sufficient knowledge
about the technology used by the company.
In our college curriculum we learn most of the things theoretically, which

do not provide sufficient information about the concerned subject in depth
and students remain unaware of the problems and errors when they go into
the field. This practical training has provided us the knowledge about
various technologies in the civil engineering field.
I am highly grateful and obliged to the SOBHA LIMITED for

their support and guidance for the successful completion of my internship.
CHANDAN L


Sobha 2 Internship

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INTERNSHIP REPORT-SOBHA 2019

 SOBHA Limited is an Indian multinational real estate developers

SOBHA DREAM ACRES Page1

The first project of SobhaDream Acres is located at Balegere in Bangalore’s

2.1 KEY SUCCESS FACTORS FOR SOBHA DREAM ACRES

SOBHA DREAM ACRES Page2

2.1.1Master plan of SOBHA dream acres

2.1.2View of SOBHA dream acres

SOBHA DREAM ACRES Page3

2.2 Safety in field

 Unsafe human error

Hazard in construction environment can be controlled by –

Administration control involves giving training to workers and placing

SOBHA DREAM ACRES Page4

Precast concrete is a construction product produced by casting concrete in a

Fig 3.1 SOBHA PRECAST

SOBHA DREAM ACRES Page5

 Precast is always of the highest quality since it is an industrially

SOBHA DREAM ACRES Page6

 Weather is eliminated as a factor as we can cast in any weather

Why to prefer precast only

Greater feasible: Design and Not feasible.

Designed, manufactured and tested Concrete cast at site where

The precast components are usually produced in two systems

The construction of buildings using prefabricated elements by sobha mainly

SOBHA DREAM ACRES Page7

Up to 400,000 m2 large-area wall and floor elements with many different

The concrete is cast by gantry-guided Smart Cast concrete distributor. A

SOBHA DREAM ACRES Page8

Sobha precast plant manufactures elements in 2 systems:

SOBHA DREAM ACRES Page9

Fig 4.1 Automatic wire machine

 The reinforcement cage id prepared based on the details provided in

Fig 4.2 Concrete pouring machine &Vibrator

SOBHA DREAM ACRES Page10

 Finally, post pour actions such as cutting extra projection of corrugated

Fig 4.3 Staircase making mould

SOBHA DREAM ACRES Page11

The process of erection can be divided into Marking, Erection, Alignment,

5.1 Erection tools:

Fig 5.1.1 Tower Crane

SOBHA DREAM ACRES Page12

 Hammer – 3LB and 16LB

Fig 5.1.2 Spirit level

SOBHA DREAM ACRES Page13

5.2 Types of Elements in Erection:-

SOBHA DREAM ACRES Page14

5.3 Materials required:-

The grade of various materials shall be as follows:-

SOBHA DREAM ACRES Page15

1. Lean concrete (P.C.C)

SOBHA DREAM ACRES Page16

Tensile strength : fu=420N/mm2

Design of the foundation is based on geotechnical investigation summary

In the present project mainly two types of footing are used:

SOBHA DREAM ACRES Page17

This type of footing is used when –

 Columns are not closely spaced.

Fig 5.4.1 Isolated footing

Advantages of isolated footings:-

 More economical when columns are placed at longer distances.

2. Raft or mat footing