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ABSTRACT
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Cryogenic Grinding 2
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Application of Cryogenics
5. Advantages of Cryogenics
11.Future Prospects
12.Bibliography
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Chapter I
Introduction
Chapter II
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APPLICATION OF CRYOGENICS
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Chapter III
CRYOGENIC GRINDING PROCESS
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Rubber
Elastomers
Silicon,
Natural
Rubber
Thermoplastics
M PU,PE
A
T
E Nylon
R PP
A
L
Powder Coating
PVC
T
Colour
O
Concentrate
U
G
H
N Thermo sets
E polyester epoxy
S
S
Finer particle size
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When using the system, measurable and repeatable results are obtained
for lab or productions calculations. Mills range in size from 7-1/2 HP to 200 HP.
With our cryogenic grinding unit an understanding develops with interaction of
equipment components and operating parameters. Factors such as consistent feed
rate, precise temperature measurement, mill operating parameters and pressure
control are critical to the evaluation of cryogenic grinding and cryogenic
grinding systems.
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Chapter IV
CRYOGENIC GRINDING TECHNOLOGY
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Chapter V
ADVANTAGES OF CRYOGRINDING
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Chapter VI
APPLICATIONS OF CRYOGENIC GRINDING
5.2 Thermoplastics
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5.5 Explosives
5.6 Spices
Chapter VII
PROBLEMS WITH CONVENTION GRINDING
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The applied energy gets dissipated in the form of heat (>99%) and hence
the temperature in the grinding zone rises to more than 90oC resulting in
loss of etheric oils whose boiling point vary from 50oC to 320oC. This
results in the inferior quality of the ground product.
Spices like nutmeg, clove, cinnamon, etc.., contain high level of fat while
capsicum, chilli, etc, contain high moisture content. These cause clogging
and gumming of mill thus affecting the throughput and quality of the
ground product. High moisture content materials often stick to the parts of
the mill.
Due to intimate cyclone effect of the air in the vicinity of grinding zone,
aromatic substances in materials oxidize and become rancid. In addition
the formation of fresh and exposed surfaces due to grinding, accelerates
the process of oxidation.
Chapter VIII
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Chapter IX
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The helical screw conveyor has a total length of a metre where the fed
material travels horizontally to the grinding mill. The screw conveyor is driven
by a 0.75 KW drive with reduction gear and inverter control. Liquid nitrogen
from a storage container is sprayed into the screw conveyor. The time of stay of
spice in the conveyor can be adjusted by varying the speed of the drives. A
censor monitors the temperature of the ground spice and the liquid nitrogen spray
is optimized using automatic feed back control.
To the bottom of the mill a collecting bin is housed where the ground
product gets collected. The bottom of this tapering collecting bin, a rotary valve
is mounted which is driven by a 0.37 KW motor. The rotary valve has 8
compartments mounted radially in the same plane. The product, which comes out
of the rotary valve, is lifted to the storage container by the Hapman Helix
conveyor. This is driven by a 0.37 KW motor. The vaporized nitrogen from the
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mill is sucked by a centrifugal blower and through the filter assembly if fed back
to the mill.
Chapter X
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The pepper contains the oil-bearing cells mainly in the skin and
towards the tip of the cortex. When the pepper is ground these cells
are broken and volatile oils and flavour components evaporate
causing aroma. In CryoGrinding higher percentage of oils and
flavor components are retained when compared with
conventionally ground products. The comparison is shown below.
Sl. Conventional
Components Cryoground (%)
No. Ground (%)
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Chapter XI
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FUTURE PROSPECTS
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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