Sprnetenen, ANALYSIS OF STRESS & STRAIN A2, Stress Transformation Relationship For a 2-D Stress System _ o o Oxy. Bx Tone Bx Sp tod aw oe Sl 5 © . Bs = Gy, 5; CosO + Tyx. 5x SinO + Gx, Sy SinO + Tay. By Cos0. =Gyy Cos’0 + Tye. Sin® CosO+ oxx.Sin’O + Tyy. Sind Cosd. =Gxx.Sit’@ + oy. Cos’ + 2Txy. Sind Cos® = 6x. (1-Cos20)/2 + ayy. (1+C0s26)/2 + 'Tyy. Sin20 G = (Gxt Gy) - Gxx- Gy ) Cos20 + Ty. Sin20 . ——_() 2 2 T.Bs=-dyy, 8; Sin + Ty,. By CosO + dye, By CosO = Txy. 8, Sind, T. = -cyy, Sind Cost Tye. Cos"@ + Gxx Sin@Cos® - Tyy.Sin’s, T= (x= Gy) Sin20 + Ty, Cos20 . ———————-@) 2. loflroperties of stress Tensor (1) There are two planes at it angles on which shear stress T=0. For T=0, tan20 = -2T (Gxx- Gy) 20 =a, (ta) O= a2, (wtay2 These planes on which T=0 are referred to as “principal planes” . The normal stresses on these planes are called the “principal stresses”, (2) The principal stresses correspond to the maximum & minimum values of o. do=0 Bives 2(G—- Gy) Sin20 +2, Try. Cos20 =0 8 2 ie tan20= 21, (Ga- Oy) which gives direction of planes on which T=0. Larger of these principal stresses ————>- major principal stress. ‘Smaller of these principal stressep > minor principal stress. Direction of stresses —— direction of principal stresses (perpendicular to directions of principal» =»). @) A relationship between T & o acting on any plane. ay = Cut oy)? = (ea=tu) ? Cos?20 + Ty?Sin220 - 2.(ort By). TryCOS20Sin20. 2 2 2 os ea eee {ox - oy )Psi?20 + Tyy2.Cos?20 + 2.(Gy4- Gy )-TyCos20Sin20. 2 2 ; #52 a ate Addying; (ext en}! +T?= (emzou)]** thee piireions E Ee 2G Eg: A weightless cantilever beam of length 2L is loaded with a point load. Its cross section is (width) * d (depth). Consider a point A in the beam as shown in Fig. Show that = 3PL/bd” & T = 9P/8bd. If P = 10,000N, L = 500mm, d = 200mm & b = 100mm find the max- shear stress & the principal stresses at the point A. P He ws Eee? Ey tE ze = Sent Syl ie, for any set of axes (x , y, 2) the volumetric strain is equal to Exx + Eyy + Eze. Volumetric strain Generalised Hook’s Law bu Us.-v y+ on)] ——© Ey = LiSyy- V (Gx + Gn) | ———_ Ey Lew V (Gx * Gzr) ] @) Sar Uimwvicatoy)y Lov prin O Yay = 2(LtY) Toy E Yoo 2L4V) Tye ———©® E (L4V) Tx E bx By vetors oh tg Gus &y 1 vw 0 0 0 ony Se : By Oo 0 Ox Ye | = 0 0 2H 0 oO Ty Vy 0 0 0 Alt) 0 Ta Ys 0 0 0 0 21+) te Plane stress (special case) oy 0 Tae = Tye = 0 En= ye -¥(Gx + By) ]=-V Gxt Fy) Gnvariant) T= he = Yun “0. Also, Tz = Ty =0 => Yu = Yur Dow tanal Mofhices Cre Symebic. any» Pipe bllalstna Me 5085 ¥ Sorrsobepte males oly 2 am Pla ol in hs Fe Chishc Corstens Cex)Fouedigoom Plane strain (special case) f220 Yar ™Yn"0 fa" Leniv(onte,)1=0 inon=viowt es) Vinvaianl) E Als0, Yur =Yyx=0 => Te=Te=0 6%” clam loded perberdiular Lo ase g. oo eBAL- Oy Selec ton move ence ments ave vesPatne) Plane Sherin Pros lem, 6 0f6Apnco8 go SEMESTER 3-702 W | 2 ay Lecrure o1 DI_ANALYSIS _OF STRESS AND S7eAn. naa ilagboPaane - eet { —— Aes af let _amquen sa es elastic property 62 tty aoe ‘Shess “Strain velatonsinf>. > 54% i - Ts, Shes x ce Zz — : a4 there Is _symentrical_ (Since Waey = Wyre ) Eheve ave 6 Independent Slemenb. anesthe ( an20-5 Bin, Bye) =e or en | Some tia 7 eee \ Ey aae BEE | 4 b J é | ap | : 2 i‘ 15 E j § : A y 2 : : i ae : a ; 14 : . J2 z az> E e | § | | | Peri dell eli ISisrsontigenis CE201- Structural Mechanics BSc Eng Level 2 Semester 1 Tutorial 5 ~ Analysis of Stress and Strain At a point in an elastic material under plane stress, a normal tensile stress70 N/mm” and a clockwise shear stress of 30 N/mm” acts on one plane; and on another plane on which the normal stress is zero, an anticlockwise shear stress of 40 N/mm? acts. Taking E = 2.1*10° N/mm’ and v= 0.3 determine (a) The angle between the two planes (81-90) (b) The principal stresses at the point and (Or= 30+60= goMFa , Gir= 30-50=-2ompu) (©) The principal stains atthe point. Cg, = 0-1 oq 5x10"? Using the Mohr circle of stress, or otherwise, show that the sum of the direct stresses on any two perpendicular planes through a point in a material subjected to a 2-d stress system is independent of the directions of the planes. Strain measurements were made at a point 0 on the surface of a structural element. ‘The point is in a state of plane stress. The linear strains in the three directions O1, 02 and 03 were found to be 1.4*10%, 1.2*10 and 0.6*10* respectively, All three directions lie in a plane, and directions 01 and 03 are at right angles. If Young’s Modulus for the material is 2*10° N/mm®, and Poison’s ratio is 1/5, find the direct stresses in the directions 01, 02 and 03. 226 BS A brass plate 3 min thick is loaded in the plane of the plate. Extensometer readings were taken in the principal directions X and Y. The extension in the X- direction on a 50 mm gauge length was 0.0361 mm, and extension in the Y- direction on a 100 mm. gauge length was 0.0170 mm. Find the decrease in the thickness of the plate, If the normal stress on a plane making an anticlockwise angle 9 with ns is 61 Nimm?, find 6. [BFE x os (or brass, B= 0.84 *10 ° N/mm”, v= 0.3) @ 2545 Prove the formula B = 3K (1-2v) A solid piece of metal of volume 81.9 em” having B=0.84*10 * N/mm? and v=0.3 is placed inside a pressure vessel and 32.8 om of oil are required to fill the vessel. A farther 0.131 cm? of oil are required to be pumped in to increase the, pressure by 7 Nimm*. The metal pieces is then removed and afer filling the vessel with oil, it is found that a further 0.328 cm? of oil are required to increase the pressure by 7 N/mm. Find the bulk modulus of the oil. (All volumes have been measured at atmospheric pressure) a Koy = 2800 Nfy?-.| Benoa nen a lp TUTORIAL: 6 — 1300 ANALY Sts OF STRESS AND STAN _| Say length of Bad's ds sca = Equate Lhe forces a Bee DSI O t 3063 sine) -+(40 6S) 8in@ = 6 (8s cceo)= Sx 7o bane —@' ———| —?__ 303s cose) ~ Fol Sssino) logs) cosa =¢ aati = ___tanas fy _—. Qs BiB’ 9 8." —@_ONgle between plane is = Of = 9010 = 90+ C-81)= 81-90" Ss 0=10 30-20) = sie aon ))_ => © 6,=20. se —— Aoi Ps. ns 20210, PB= 30 = —C_& Radius 0,8 = [09% pe =,|uc%s 20% = 50 io Sl O82 OFF 4S = 30456 | ZON|mne | Or= on=O@- 29) = 36" 2co-eszodleen?, 5Page r EE pasrnagecre cen =! (w= e820). = howsni8 = Otegenstt / BIRO Gy 27d. (Gy- 20) acl (a0- 03¢-#)) == 2.095 %1074 a Qt x10 byes ie (Teanga) — ain 2a) .| |p Page |™ o> _@ Breck stresses on: bwo Perpendicular Panes (& | can tbe _vebvesented Iby the end.o§ a dtameber ef a mohr's Circle, Say those clivect stresses Ge Sp, Se. Now consider kine 24. co oe ben sie Circle. CSasSn), Since Che Center canth to : Changed Ina. etrele —____ 2 : asSe 2b Cfeilant. 09 2625-4 —O __O> 122 &-,6,-© _———— by ee a2 S | aaa eS © Gy= 86 nln 63 = 2unhri | ' b | Page Mt ©) Ex" 02036) 50 -(9- 02( 26.694 41-366) ~O.BHne a ms =1u9 203mm. a — | & _Yeeluetion_ to thickness = Vlutx0'ear) Y200 a emt stat rtsPage eile Paar1. Ata point in an elastic material under plane stress, a normal tensile stress 70 N/mm? and a clockwise shear stress of 30 N/mm acts on one plane; and on another plane on which the normal stress is zero, an anticlockwise shear stress of 40 N/mm? acts. Taking E = 2.1*10° Nimm’ and v = 0,3 determine a. The angle between the two planes b. The principal stresses at the point and ¢. The principal strains at the point. Solution: 0) = 70; 1) = +30 o2=0; =-40 ‘We can use the relation (o-aP+2=R? (70-a)? + (30)? = (0-a)* + (-40)? 4900 ~ 140a + a? +900 =a? + 1600 a=30 y(70-30)' +30)? =SD A(70,30) We can now construct the Mohr Circle The angle between the planes is the angle subtended by AB at the circumference, If this is a then angle ACB = 2 a and angle ACD = angle B BCD Length AB =,/(70-0) + (30 +40) 9 ‘Then AD = 49.5 a= Sin{ 23) _ 91.9 50 Principal stresses are a R ive, 80 N/mm? and -20 Nimm? Tof7Principal strain will be given by: 1 [80 -0.3x (-20)] = 0.409510" aaa (0) 1 [-20-0.3x (80)]= 0.2095 x10" real or) - 2. Prove the formula E = K (1-2v) A solid piece of metal of volume 81.9 cm’ having E = 0.84*10° N/mm? and v = 0.3 is placed inside a pressure vessel and 32.8 cm’ of oil are required to fill the vessel. A further 0.131 cm’ of oil are required to be, pumped in to increase the pressure by 7 N/mm’, The ‘metal piece is then removed and after filling the vessel with oil, it is found that a further 0.328 em’ of oil are required to increase the pressure by 7 N/mm’, Find the bulk modulus of the oil, (All volumes have been measured at atmospheric pressure) Solution: ie 0.131 em*3 for 7 Nimm™: eee) eet 0.328 em3 for 7 Nim? “ (ease 2) vpressure gt Se _ 32.8 cm*3 ; 3284819 ws = 114.7 cm'2 81.9 cm%3 Volume of vessel = 32,8 + 81.9 = 114.7 cm? 0.84 10° 30-20) 3-203) Let increase in volume of vessel itself be Av when pressure increases by 7 N/mm? The change in volume of the metal of oil when subjected to a pressure P, will be given by Av’ where K for metal = =0.7x10° N/mm? -. New volume =¥"| 1— e K 8of8Mi -Vndy = 0-3 ~ Hence for case 1, 7 7 114.7+Av=81: 2. 1- |—___, 14.7 4Av aus one)" s+oxs0{ Zz) 1) and for case 2, 1147+ Av= (14.7 + oma] 2) From equation (1) and (2), equating right hand sides, 7 7 891 31] 1-—— ] = 115.028] 1- 81.8918 + 32.9: Aft x ] s.3[ 7m ) ot " 7 ol 0.9975 Ky = 2800 N/mm? 90f9