Tutorial Sheet

Course: B. Tech. Semester: I

Subject: Mathematics I Subject Code: TMA-101
Eigen values and Eigen Vectors

1. Find the eigen values and corresponding eigen vectors of the following matrices:
 8 6 2   6 2 2 
 
3 1 4 
 
(i)  6 7  4  (ii)   2 3 1 (iii) 0 2 6 
 2  4 3   2 1 3  0 0 5 

1   2  2 1   1 2 1   1   3 

                 
Ans:(i)0,3,15  2  ,  1    2  (ii)2,2,8 k 1  2  + k 2 0,  1 (iii)3,2,5  0  ,  1 ,  2 
 2    2   1   0   2   1   0   0   1 

2 1 1 
 
2. Find the characteristic equation of the matrix A= 0 1 0  and hence compute A 1 .
 1 1 2 

 2 1 1
1 1
Ans:  -5  +7  -3=0, A =  0 3 0 ,
3 2
3
 1 1 2 
1 2 3  3 4 1
 4  2  .(ii)  2 1
 6 
3. Verify Cayley Hamilton theorem for the matrix (i)  2
 1 1 2   1 4 7 
4 3 1 5  1 7 
  1 
4. Using Cayley Hamilton theorem, find the inverse of 2 1  2  . Ans: 4 3 10 
11 
 1 2 1   3  5  2 

2 1 1
5. Prove that for the matrix A=  2 3 4  , all its eigen values are distinct and real. Hence find corresponding e
 1 1  2 

 1 0  2 
     
vectors. Ans: λ =1,-1,3;   1 ,   1 ,  3 
 0   1    1
 3 10 5 
 
6. Show that the matrix  2  3  4  has less than 3 linearly independent eigen vectors. Also find them.
 3 5 7 
1 5
   
Ans:  =2, 2, 3.For  =3, X1=  1  , For  =2, X2=  2 
  2   5 
7. Show that the matrix A has repeated eigen values. Also find the corresponding eigen vectors,

1
 2 0 2 1  1 
     
where A=  1 3 1  Ans:  =2, 2, 4;  1  ,  0 
 1  1 3  0    1

 1 2  2 1 0 0 
8. Reduce the matrix A=  1 2 1  to diagonal form. Ans: 0 5 0 
 1 1 0  0 0  5

9. Define the eigen values and eigen vectors of a matrix. Find the Eigen values and eigen vectors of the
 1 3 5
 
matrix: 3 5 1
5 1 3
4 0 1
1  
10. State and prove Cayley Hamilton theorem. Hence, find A where A is 0 1 2  .
 1 0 1 
Eigen values and Eigen Vectors (contd.)

2  i 3  1  3i 
1. If A=   , verify that A  A is a Hermition matrix where A  is the conjugate transpose of A.
  5 i 4  2i 
 0 1  2i 
, obtain the matrix I N I  N  and show that it is unitary.
1
2. If N=  
 1  2 i 0 
 3 5  2 i  3
5  2 i 7 4i  , show that H is a Hermition matrix. Verify that iH is a skew Hermition matrix.
3. If H= 
  3  4i 5 
1  1 1 i 
4. Define unitary matrix. Show that the matrix   is unitary.
3 1  i  1 
 1 i 1 i 
 2  has eigen values with unit modulus.
5. Verify that the matrix A=  2
1i 1 i 
 
 2 2 
6. If A is any square matrix, prove that A+A*, A A*,A*A are Hermition and A-A* is skew Hermition.
7. Prove the following:
a) The characteristic roots of a unitary matrix are of unit modulus.
b) Latent roots of a Hermition matrix are all real.
c) The characteristic root of a skew Hermition matrix is either zero or a purely imaginary number.
8. If  be an eigen value of a non singular matrix A, show that
1 A
a)  is an eigen value of A-1, b, is an eigen value of adjA.

9. Show that the sum of eigen values of a square matrix is equal to the sum of the elements of its
principal diagonal.
10. Show that the product of eigen values of a square matrix A is equal to detA.
 8 4 1 
1 
11. Prove that the following matrix is orthogonal:  1 4  8 .
9
 4 7 4 