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Fourier Series
1. Define periodic function. What is the period of sin , cos , tan ?
2. Develop the Fourier series of f(x) x x 2 in π x π .Hence show that
π2 1 1 π2 1 1 1
i) 1 2 2 .... (ii) 1 2 2 2 ....
6 2 3 12 2 3 4
2
π cos 2x cos 3x sin 2x sin 3x
Ans: x x 2 4 cos x 2
2
.... 2 sin x ....
3 2 3 2 3
3. Find Fourier Series for f(x) x 2 π x π and deduce that
π2 1 1 π2 1 1 1
i) 1 2 2 .... (ii) 1 2 2 2 ....
6 2 3 12 2 3 4
2 2
π 1 1 1 π cos x cos 2x cos 3x cos 4x
(iii) 1 2 2 2 .... .Ans: x 2 4 2 2
2
2
....
8 3 5 7 3 1 2 3 4
3. Obtain Fourier Series for f( x) x sin x in π x π .Hence deduce that
π 1 1 1 1 cos x 2 cos 2 x 2 cos 3x 2 cos 4x
.. . Ans: f( x) 1 ...
4 2 1.3 3.5 5.7 2 1.3 2.4 3.5
πx
4. Develop sin in half range cosine series in the range 0 x L
L
2 πx 4 πx 6 πx
cos cos cos
πx 2 4 L L L
Ans: sin ...
L π π 1.3 3.5 5.7
0 , π x 0 1 1 2 cos 2 nx
5. If f( x) ,Prove that f( x) sin x .Hence show that
sin x ,0 x π π 2 π n 1 4n 2 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 π 2
(i) .... (ii) ...
1.3 3.5 2 1.3 3.5 5.7 4
x , π x 0 1 1 1 π2
7. Obtain Fourier Series for f( x) .Hence show that 1 2 2 2 ....
x ,0 x π 3 5 7 8
π 4 cos x cos 3x cos 5x
Ans: f( x )
2 2
2
...
2 π 1 3 5
πx ,0 x 1
8. Obtain Fourier series for f( x) .
π ( 2 x),1 x 2
π 4 cos πx cos 3 πx cos 5 πx
Ans: f( x )
2
2
2
...
2 π 1 3 5
π
x ,0 x 2 4 sin x sin 3x sin 5x
9. Find half range sine series for f( x ) .Ans: 2 2
2
...
π x, π x π π 1 3 5
2
x
10. Obtain Fourier series for f(x) e in 0 x 2 π .
1 e 2 π 1 1 1 1 1 2 3
Ans: cos x cos 2x cos 3x ... sin x sin 2x sin 3x ...
π 2 2 5 10 2 5 10
12. Find the Fourier series expansion of the periodic function of period 2 π defined by
π π
x , 2 x 2 4 sin x sin 3x sin 5x
f( x) . Ans: 2 2
2
...
π x, π x 3 π π 1 3 5
2 2
1 1 1 π2
13. Express f( x ) x in π x π as Fourier series. Also deduce that 1 2 2 2 .... .
3 5 7 8
π 4 cos x cos 3x cos 5x
Ans: x 2 2
2
....
2 π 1 3 5
14. Find the Fourier series for f( x) sin x in π x π .
2 41 1
Ans: sin x cos 2 x cos 4 x ...
π π 3 15
0 ,2 x 1
15. Find the Fourier series of the function f( x ) k ,1 x 1 .
0 ,1 x 2
πx 3 πx 5 πx
cos cos cos
k 2k 2 2 2 ...
Ans: f( x)
2 π 1 3 5
1
16. Obtain Fourier series to represent f( x) π x 2 , 0 x 2 π .Hence deduce the following:
4
2 2
π 1 1 π 1 1 1
i) 1 2 2 .... (ii) 1 2 2 2 ....
6 2 3 12 2 3 4
2 2
π 1 1 1 π cos x cos 2 x cos 3x
(iii) 1 2 2 2 .... Ans: 2 ....
8 3 5 7 12 1 22 32
17. Expand f( x) x sin x , 0 x 2 π as a Fourier series.
1 2 2
Ans: x sin x 1 π sin x cos x 2 cos 2 x 2 cos 3x ...
2 2 1 3 1
1 ( 1) n n
18. Prove that in interval π x π , x cos x sin x 2 2 sin nx
2 n 2 n 1
19. Express f( x) cos ωx , π x π where ω is a fraction, as a Fourier series. Hence prove
1 2θ 2θ
that cot θ 2 2
2 ...
θ θ π θ 4π 2
2 ω sin πω 1 cos x cos 2 x cos 3x
Ans: cos ωx 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
...
π 2ω 1 ω 2 ω 3 ω
20. Find Fourier series to represent following periodic function:
π x,0 x π 4 cos x cos 3x sin x sin 3 x
f( x) .Ans: f ( x) 2 ... 4 ...
π x, π x 0 2 1 3 2
1 3
π x,0 x π
21. Find Fourier series to represent following periodic function: f( x)
π x, π x 0
π 4 cos x cos 3x cos 5x sin x sin 3x sin 5x
Ans: f( x ) 2 2
2
... 4 ...
2 π 1 3 5 1 3 5
π x , π x 0
22. Find Fourier series to represent following periodic function: f( x)
π x,0 x π
π 4 cos x cos 3x cos 5x sin x sin 3x sin 5x
Ans: f( x ) 2 2
2
... 4 ...
2 π 1 3 5 1 3 5
I 0 sin x,0 x π
23. An alternating current after passing through a rectifier has the form i ,
0, π x 2 π
where I 0 is the maximum current and the period is 2 π .
I0 I0 2 I cos 2 x cos 4 x cos 6 x
Ans: i sin x 0 2 2 2 ...
π 2 π 2 1 4 1 6 1
24. Expand πx x 2 in half range sine series in (0 , π ) up to first three terms.
8 sin x sin 3x sin 5x
Ans: πx x 2 3 3
3
...
π 1 3 5
25. Find a series of cosines of multiples of x which will represent x sin x in the interval (0 , π )
1 1 1 π 2
and show that ... .
1.3 3.5 5.7 4
1 cos 2 x cos 3x cos 4 x
Ans: x sin x 1 cos x 2 ...
2 1.3 2.4 3.5
26. Obtain the half range sine series for the function f(x) x 2 in 0 x 3 .
Ans: f( x) b n sin
n 1
nπx
3
where b n
18
nπ
36
1n 1 3 3 1n 1
n π
2 t ,0 t 1
27. Find the Fourier half range cosine series of the function f( t )
2( 2 t ),1 t 2
8 nπ a nπt
Ans: a 0 2 , a n 2 2 2 cos ( 1) n 1 , f( t ) 0 a n cos
n π 2 2 n 1 2
28. Expand in a Fourier series the function f( x) x in the interval 0 x 2 π .Sketch its graph
1 1
from x 4 π to x 4 π . Ans: x π 2 sin x sin 2 x sin 3x....
2 3
0 , π x 0
29. Find the Fourier series expansion of the function f( x) 2 .
x ,0 x π
π2
Ans: f( x )
6 n 1
a n cos nx b n sin nnx, a n
2( 1) n
n 2
, b n
π ( 1) n
n
n
2
2 ( 1) n 1
2k L
L x ,0 x 2
30. Find the two half range expansions of the function f( x ) .
2 k (L x ), L x L
L 2
k nπx 4k nπ 8k nπ nπx
Ans: f( x) a n cos , a n 2 2 2 cos ( 1) n 1 ; f( x) 2 2 sin sin
2 n 1 L n π 2 n 1 n π 2 L