ONAYA SCHEMES

(b) Taking x0  0.5 ,use Newton Raphson method to solve the equation
2x3 – 11x2 + 18x – 8 = 0
And give the answer correct to 4 significant figures. (10 marks)
SOLUTION
f  x n   2 x n3  11x n2  18 x n  8
f  x n   6 x n2  22 x n  18 1
Bydefinition;
f x n 
x n 1  x n 
f  x n 

2 x n3  11x n2  18 x n  8
 xn  2
6 x n2  22 x n  18

4 x n3  11x n2  8

6 x n2  22 x n  18

Now, given that x 0  0.5

x1 
  
4 0.5 3  11 0.5 2  8 
 
6 0.5 2  220.5  18
 0.67647 3
x 2  0.71709 3
x3  0.71922
x 4  0.71922 3

The root is 0.7192 4 s. f 

6. (a) Determine the fourier series for the periodic function f(x) where,
 ONAYA SCHEMES

 
0   x  
2

10  
 x
f x    2 2
 
0  x
 2
 f  x  2 
(10 marks)

Note that f(x) is even i.e it is symmetrical about the x-axis

Therefore;
bn  0


 f x  dx
2
a0 
 0

2
2

  10 dx
0

 10
 ONAYA SCHEMES

 f x cos nx dx
2
an 
 0

2
2

  10 cos nx dx
0

20 2
 sin nx
n 0

20  n 
 sin  
n  2 


 0 even n

 20
an    n  1, 5, 9, .....
 n 
 20
 n  n  3, 7, 11, .......

Fourier Series

f x  
1
a 0   a n cos nx
2 all x

20  1 1 1 
 5  cos x  cos 3 x  cos 5 x  cos 7 x  .........
  3 5 7 

(b) Given that f t  is such that

 1
 4  t  0  t  4
f t    2
 f t  8

Sketch the graph of the functions f(t) including at least two periods and hence
obtain the half-range fourier sine series (10 marks)

SOLUTION

For half range sine series, we assume that f x  is odd, i.e. it is symmetrical about the origin.
ONAYA SCHEMES

a0  an  0

2

 f t sin nt dt
4
bn 
T 0
4
4 1
4  t sin nt dt
8 0 2


4
  4  t sin nt dt
1
40
1 cos nt  2  
4

4
  4  t 
1
n 0 n 0
 cos n t dt   note that    
4    T 4


1
0  4
4n
1
 n
n
f  x    bn sin nx
all n

1 1 1 
  sin x  sin 2x  sin 3x  ......
 2 3 
 ONAYA SCHEMES

(b) Use double integration to determine the area bounded by the curves y  x 2 and
y  2x  x 2 . (7 marks)
SOLUTION

The two curves intersect at x=0 and x=1

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

1 2 x x2
A  dy dx
0 x2
1
  2 x  2 x 2 dx
0

1
 sq units
3
 ONAYA SCHEMES

(c) A solid is enclosed by the planes z = 2, y = 1, y = 4, x = 0, x = 2 and the

surface z = xy + y2. Calculate the volume of the solid using triple integrals.
(9 marks)
SOLUTION

2 4 xy  y
2

V    dz dy dx
0 1 2
2 4
   xy  y 2  2 dy dx
0 1
2
  7.5 x  15 dx
0

 45 cubic units

1. (a) Table 1 satisfies a function f(x).

Table 1
X -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
f(x) -44 6 8 10 60 206 496

Using the Gregory-Newton interpolation formula, determine the value of

(i) f (-3.7)

(ii) f (6.5) (10 marks)

SOLUTION.

-4 -44
50
-2 6 -48
2 48
0 8 0
2 48
2 10 48
50 48
 ONAYA SCHEMES
4 60 96
146 48
6 206 144
290
8 496

By definition;
f  x0  2 f  x0 
f x   f x0   x  x0    x  x0 x  x1     
h 2!h 2
 48 
 44   x  4    x  4 x  2     x  4  x  2  x 
50 48
2 
2  2! 2  3!2 3
 x 3  3x  8

f  3.7    3.7   3 3.7   8

3

 31.553
f 6.5  6.5  36.5  8
3

 263.125
 ONAYA SCHEMES

(b) Given that xr is an approximation to the root of the equation

x 4  5 x  20  0

(i) Show using the Newton-Raphson method that a better approximation

x r 1 is given by

3x 4 r  20
x r 1 
4x 3r  5
(ii) Hence, taking the first approximation x0  1.8 , find to 4 decimal places,
the root of the equation. (10 marks)

SOLUTION
 ONAYA SCHEMES

f  x r   x r4  5 x r  20
f  x r   4 x r3  5 2
Bydefinition;
f xr 
x r 1  x r 
f  x r 

x r4  5 x r  20
 xr 
4 x r3  5

3 x r4  20
 4
4 x r3  5

Now, given that x0  1.8

3 x04  20
x1 
4 x03  5
 1.81774
x 2  1.81752
x3  1.81752

The root is 1.81752 4d . p  6

5. (a) Determine the Fourier’s for the periodic function f(t) where

 0   t  0

f t    4t 0  t   (13 marks)
 f t  2 


SOLUTION
 ONAYA SCHEMES

F(x) is neither odd nor even

Therefore,

f t   a0   a n cos nt  bn sin nt
1
2 n 1

 f t  dt
1
a0 
 

1 
0
  0 dt   4t dt 
  0 
 2
ONAYA SCHEMES


 f t cos nt dt
1
an 
 

0 
1   0 cos nt dt   4t cos nt dt 
   
 0
 

1  4t 

4
  sin nt   sin nt dt 
  n 0 n0 

4
 cos nt
n 2 0


4
cos n  1
n 2

 0  even n

an   8
 n 2  odd n

 f t sin nt dt
1
bn 
 

0 
1   0 sin nt dt   4t sin nt dt 
   
 0
 

1  4t 

4
 
  n
 cos nt
0

n0 cos nt dt 



4
 cos n 
n
 4
 n  odd n
bn  
 4  even n
 n

8   
f t    
1 1 1 1 1
 cos t  cos 3t  cos 5t       4 sin t  sin 2t  sin 3t  sin 4t     
 9 25   2 3 4 
ONAYA SCHEMES

(b) Determine the half range Fourier sine series for the periodic function

1+x 0<x<5
f(x) =
f(x + 10) (7 marks)

SOLUTION

For half range sin e series, we assume that f  x  is odd so that a 0  a n  o

T
2

 f x  sin nx dx
4
and bn 
T 0
5
  1  x  sin nx dx
4
10 0
2 cos nx  2 
5 5
  1  x 
1
n 0 n 0
 cos n  x dx   
5   T 5


2
6 cos n  1
5n
 2
 n  even n
bn  
 14  odd n
 5n

14   2 1 
f x  
1 1
 sin x  sin 3x        sin 2x  sin 4x     
5  3  2 4 
 ONAYA SCHEMES

7. (a) Use double integration to find the area of the plane figure bounded by the
curves
y1  x  1 and y 2  4  x  3
2 2
(9 marks)
SOLUTION

The two graphs intersect at (1,0) and (3,4)

Chart Title
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
-2
-4
-6

y=(x-1)^2 y=4-(x-3)^2

3 4   x 3 2

A  dy dx
1  x 12

3
   2 x 2  8 x  6 dx
1

8
 sq units
3
 ONAYA SCHEMES

(b) Find the volume enclosed by the curve x2 + y2 = 16 and the planes z = 0 and
z=5–x (11 marks)
SOLUTION

5 x
V    dz dy dx ; R is the region on the xy  planebounded by the circle x 2  y 2  16
R 0

  5  x dy dx Express in polar co  ordinates

R

2 4
4   5  r cos  r dr d
0 0

 4
2
5 2 r3
4  0
2
r  cos
3
d
r 0

2
64
 4  40  cos d
0
3
 165.99 cubic units

2. (a) The values of x and f(x) for a given polynomial function are shown in table I.

TableI

x -1.2 -0.7 -0.2 0.3 0.8 1.3 1.8

F(x) 1.407 20292 2.127 1.662 1.647 2.832 5.967

Apply the method of Newton-Gregor to estimate.

(i) f(-0.39)
(ii) f(1.68) (11 marks)
 ONAYA SCHEMES

-1.2 1.407
0.885
-0.7 2.292 -1.05
-0.165 0.75
-0.2 2.127 -0.3
-0.465 0.75
0.3 1.662 0.45
-0.015 0.75
0.8 1.647 1.2
1.185 0.75
1.3 2.832 1.95
3.135
1.8 5.967

By definition;
f  x0  2 f  x0 
f  x   f  x0    x  x0    x  x0  x  x1     
h 2!h 2
 1.05 
 1.407   x  1.2   x  1.2 x  0.7      x  1.2  x  0.7  x  0.2 
0.885 0.75
2 
0.5  2!0.5  3!0.5 3
 x 3  x  1.935

f  0.39    0.39    0.39   1.935

3

 2.265681
f 1.68   1.68  1.68  1.935
3

 4.996632

1
(b) Show that the root of e x   x  1 can be approximated by
2

x n e xn  e xn  1
x n 1 
1
e xn 
2

Using the Newton-Raphson Method. Hence evaluate the root correct to four
decimal places, taking X0 = -2.5. (9 marks)
 ONAYA SCHEMES

f  x n   e xn 
1
xn  1
2
f x n   e xn  2
1
2
Bydefinition;
f xn 
x n 1  x n 
f  x n 

1
e xn  xn  1
 xn  2
1
e xn 
2

x n e xn  e xn  1
 4
1
e xn 
2

Now, given that x0  2.5

x 0 e x0  e x0  1
x1 
1
e xn 
2
 2.21153
x 2  2.21771
x3  2.21772

The root is  2.2177 4d . p  6

3. (a) Evaluate the double integral


2 4 a cos


0

0
r 3 cos 3  dr d where “a” is a constant. (7 marks)
ONAYA SCHEMES

4 a cos
2
r4
I   cos 3  d
0
4 0

2
 64 a 4  cos 7 
0

6 
 64 a 4  I 5 
7 
6 4 
 64 a 4  I3 
7 5 
6 4 2 
 64 a 4  I1 
7 5 3 

 
 6 4 2 2 
 64 a 4  sin x 
7 5 3 
 
0

6 4 2
 64 a 4  
7 5 3
1024 4
 a
35

(b) Find the area of the region outside the circle r = 4 and inside the polar curve
r = 5 (1 +cos 0). (7 marks)

(c) Find the volume under the surface f(x,y) = 36xy and above the region R shown
in figure 1.

1
y = 1 – x2

0 1 x

(6 marks)
 ONAYA SCHEMES
1 1 x 2 36 xy
V    dz dy dx
0 0 0
1 1 x 2
  36 xy dy dx
0 0

1 1 x 2
xy 2
 36  dx
0
2 y 0
1
 18 x  2 x 3  x 5 dx
0

 3 cubic units

7. (a) Give an analytic description of the periodic function f(x) in figure 2.

f(x)

3 x

2 x x

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 x

-1

x x

-3 x

Fig. 2
(3 marks)

(b) A periodic function f(x) is defined as follows;

 2 x  5 0 x4
f x   
 f  x  8
ONAYA SCHEMES

(i) Sketch the function for at least two periods given that f(x) is even.
(ii) Obtain the first four terms of the Fourier Cosine series.
(iii) Determine the percentage third harmonic. (17 marks)

4
4
a 0    2 x  5 dx
80
2
 ONAYA SCHEMES
4
4
 2 x  5 cos nx dx
8 0
an 

1  sin nx 
4 4
  2 x  5
2
n 0 n 0
 sin n x dx 
2  

4
1
 cos nx 2 
 n 2 2  
T 4
0


1
 cos n  1
n 2 2


0  even n

an  
 2
 2 2  odd n
n 

f x  
1
a0   a n cos nx
2 all n

2 1 1 
 1  cos x  cos 3x  cos 5x     
 9 25 

c3
% 3 rd harmonic   100
c1
2
c3  a32  b32 but bn  0 hence c3 
9 2
2
a1  a12  b12 
2
2 2
% 3rd harmonic    100  11.11%
9 2
2

2. (a) Locate the centroid of the area enclosed by the curve y = x2 + 1, the x – axis
and the ordinates x = 1 and x = 3. (11 marks)

SOLUTION
 ONAYA SCHEMES

 x dydx I1
X  R
 where R is the region enclosed by the curve y  x 2  1, the x  axis and x  1, x  3
A A
3 x 2 1 3 x 2 1
I1    x dydx A  dydx
1 0 1 0

3 x 2 1 3
  xy dx   x 2  1 dx
1 y 0 1

3
32
  x 3  x dx 
1
3
 24
24
X   2.25
32
3

 y dydx I2
Y R
 where R is the region enclosed by the curve y  x 2  1, the x  axis and x  1, x  3
A A
3 x 2 1
I2    y dydx
1 0

3 x 2 1
1
  y2 dx
21 y 0

 
3
1

2
 x 2  1 dx
21
 33.8665
33.8665
Y  3.175
32
3

(b) Using Newton-Raphson method solve the solve the equation

x 3  3x  5  0 , correct to three decimal places, starting at x = 2.5 and

performing four iterations. (9 marks)

SOLUTION
f  x n   x n3  3 x n  5
f  x n   3 x n2  3
 ONAYA SCHEMES
f xn 
x n 1  x n 
f  x n 
x n3  3 x n  5
 xn 
3 x n2  3
2 x n3  5

3 x n2  3
x0  0.5
2 x03  5
x1 
3 x02  3
 2.30159
x 2  2.27929
x3  2.27902
x 4  2.27902
x3 and x 4 agree correct to 4d . p
The root is 2.2790

7. (a) a periodic function f(x) is defined by

 x
1  0  x  2
f x    
 f ( x  2
Determine its Fourier series upto and including the third harmonic. (8 marks)

SOLUTION
 ONAYA SCHEMES

F(x) is odd
Therefore,
a0  a n  0


 f x sin nx dx
2
bn 
 0

f  x    bn sin nx
n 1


 f x sin nx dx
2
bn 
 0

2  x
  1   sin nx dx
 0  

2  

x  cos nx 1
     n 0 n 0
   1    cos nx dx 



2
0  1
n
2
 n
n

2 
f x  
1 1
 sin x  sin 2 x  sin 3x     
 2 3 

(b) If a function f(x) is defined by f(x) where

  x 0 x
f x   
 f x  2 

Express the function f(x) as a half-range cosine series. (12 marks)

SOLUTION
 ONAYA SCHEMES
For half range cosine series, we assume that f(x) is even so that;

bn  0

f x  
1
a 0   a n cos nx
2 n 1

 f x  dx
2
a0 
 0

2

    x dx
0



 f x cos nx dx
2
an 
 0


   x cos nx dx
2

 0

2 

   x 
sin nx 1
  sin nx dx
  n 0 n0 

2
 cos nx
n 2 0


1
cos n  1
n 2

 0  even n

an   2
 n 2  odd n

 2 
f x  
1 1
  cos x  cos 3 x  cos 5 x       
2  9 25 

(b) Find the area bounded by the curve y = x2, the axis and the line x = 4. Hence
determine its
(i) Centroid
(ii) Volume when the area is rotated about x – axis. (13 marks)
 ONAYA SCHEMES
SOLUTION

A   dydx where R is the region bounded by the curve y  x 2 and the line x  4
R
4 x2 4
64
A    dydx   x 2 dx  sq units
0 0 0
3

 xdydx I1
X  R

A A
2
4 x 4
I 1    x dydx   x 3 dx  64
0 0 0

therefore;
64
X  3
64
3
 y dydx I2
Y R

A A

4 x2 4
1
I 2    y dydx   x 4 dx 102.4
0 0
20
102.4
Y  4.8
64
3

6. (a) Using linear interpolation estimate ln 9.2 correct to four decimal places given
that ln 9.0  2.197 and ln 9.5  2.251 (7 marks)
SOLUTION
 ONAYA SCHEMES
Given x0  9.0, f  x0   2.197
x1  9.5, f  x1   2.251
By definition;
x  x1 x  x0
f x   f x0   f  x1 
x0  x1 x1  x0
x  9.5
 2.197   x  9.0 2.251
9.0  9.5 9.5  9.0
 0.108 x  1.225
Therefore;
f (9.2)  0.108(9.2)  1.225
 2.2186

(b) Given that f x   x 3  5x  3 , show that the Newton – Raphson formula for x1 ,
starting at x0 can be expressed in the form
2 x03  3
x1  2
3x0  5

Hence solve the equation f x   0 starting at x0  2 .And performing 4 steps.

Give your answer correct to five decimal places (13 marks)

SOLUTION
 ONAYA SCHEMES

f  x r   x r3  5 x r  3
f  x r   3 x r2  5 2
Bydefinition;
f xr 
x r 1  x r 
f  x r 
x r3  5 x r  3
 xr 
3 x r2  5
2 x r3  3
 4
3 x r2  5
when r  0, we obtain;
2 x03  3
x1 
3 x02  5
Now, given that x0  2

2 x03  3
x1  2
3x0  5
 1.857143
x 2  1.834787
x3  1.834244
x 4  1.834243

The root is 1.83424 5d . p  6

 ONAYA SCHEMES
8. (a) Define analytically the following periodic functions

SOLUTION

 x  2 0 x4
f x   
 f x  4

|
|
f(x) |
|
|
|
5- - - - - - - - -|| - - - - - - ||- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -|| - - - |
|
| | |
|
| | |
3 | | |
|
| |
| | |
| |
| | |
| |
| | |
| |
| | |
| |
| | |
|
| | |
|
| | |
|
| | |
|
| | |
0 | |
|
|

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 x

(7 marks)

(b) A function f (t) is defined by

ONAYA SCHEMES

1  t 2 1  t  1
f t   
 f t  2 

Determine its Fourier series

SOLUTION
y=1-x^2
1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
 ONAYA SCHEMES
Note that f  x  is Even .Therefore bn  o
T
2

 f t  dt
4
and a0 
T 0
1
4
2 0
 1  t 2 dt

4
3
T
2

 f t  cos nt dt
4
an 
T 0

 
1
4

20 1  t 2 cos nt dt

 sin nt
1
 2
 
1
2
 2 1  t 2


n 0 n  0  t sin nt dt 


T


4  t cos nt 
1 1
1
n 0 n 0
   cos n  t dt 
n  

  2 2 cos n 
4
n
 4
 n 2 2  even n
an  
 4
 odd n
 n 2 2

2 4  
f t  
1 1
 2  cos t  cos 2t  cos 3t     
3   4 9 

2. (a) If xn is an approximation to the root of the equation x 3  16 x 2  9 x  30  0

show using Newton-Raphson method that a better approximation is given by:

2 x n3  16 x n2  30
x n 1 
3x n2  32 x n  9
Hence starting with Xo = -2.0 find the root of the equation correct to five
decimal places. (12 marks)

SOLUTION
 ONAYA SCHEMES

f  x n   x n3  16 x n2  9 x n  30
f  x n   3 x n2  32 x n  9

f xn 
x n 1  x n 
f  x n 
x n3  16 x n2  9 x n  30
 xn 
3 x n2  32 x n  9
2 x n3  16 x n2  30

3 x n2  32 x n  9
x0  2.0
x1  1.278689
x 2  1.154764
x3  1.150266
x 4  1.150260
The root is  1.15026

4. Find a Fourier series with period 3 to represent the function f(x) = 2x – x3 in the range
(0, 3). (20 marks)

SOLUTION
Note that f  x  is neither odd nor even.
T
a 0   f  x  dx
2
T 0
3
2
a0 
30 2 x  x 3 dx

15

2
ONAYA SCHEMES

 
3
2
a n   2 x  x 3 cos nx dx
30

2  3 sin nx
 2 2
3

   
4
1
 
3 
2 x  x 
n 0 n 0  2  3x 2 sin nx dx


T

3

2  2 cos nx

3

 
3
6
n 0 n 0
   2  3 x  x cos n x dx 
3n  
  x sin nx 3 3


2
 25 cos 2 n  2   6 
 n

1
 sin nx 

3n  
2 2
 0 n 0 
2 6
3

 2 2 23  2 2 cos nx 
3n   n 0
46
 2 2 n
3n 
ONAYA SCHEMES

 
3
2
bn   2 x  x 3 sin nx dx
30

2  3 cos nx
 2 2
3

   
3
1
n 0 n 0
   2 x  x  2  3 x 2
cos n x dx   
3   T 3

2  2 sin nx

3

 
3
6
n 0 n 0
  21 cos 2n  2  3 x  x sin n x dx 
3n  
2  6  x cos nx 
3 3
1
  21     cos nx 
3n  n  n 0 n 0 

2 
   21 
6
3 cos 2n 
3n  n
2 2

14 12
  3 3 n
n n 
 ONAYA SCHEMES
7. (a) Evaluate

1 x
0 x  x2 1
4
dx (6 marks)
SOLUTION

1 1
x x
0 x 4  x 2  1 dx  0  1  2 3 dx
x   
2

 2 4
1 du
Let u  x 2  so that dx 
2 2x
Therefore;
1 1
x 1 1
 1 3
2
dx 
2 x0 3
du
0
x   
2 u 
2

 2 4 4
1
1 2  2u 
 tan 1  
2 3  3  x 0


1
tan 
1
2 x2  1 
2
  1

3  3 
 0
1  1  3   1 
  tan    tan 1  
3  3  3 
1  
  
36
 0.3023

(b)Determine the position of the centroid of region bounded by the curve

y = 4sin3x, the x – axis and the ordinates x = 0 and x =  /6 (14 marks)
SOLUTION
ONAYA SCHEMES

A   dydx where R is the region bounded by the curve y  4 sin 3x , the line x  4 and x 
R
6
 
6 4 sin 3 x 6
4
A  dydx   4 sin 3x dx  sq units
0 0 0
3

 xdydx I1
X  R

A A
 
6 4 x sin 3 x 6
I1  
0
 x dydx   4 x sin 3x dx  0.444 by parts
0 0

therefore;
0.4444 1
X  
4 3
3
 y dydx I2
Y R

A A

 
6 4 sin 3 x
16
I2   0 y dydx  2 0 16 sin 3x dx 2.0944
2

2.0944 
Y  or 1.5708
4 2
3
 ONAYA SCHEMES

Determine the Fourier series, and hence calculate its percentage second harmonic.
(20 marks)

SOLUTION

F(x) is neither odd nor even

Therefore,

f x   a0   a n cos nx  bn sin nx
1
2 n 1

 f x  dx
1
a0 
 

1 
0
1
    3 dx   x dx
  0
2 

 3
4
ONAYA SCHEMES


 f x cos nx dx
1
an 
 

0 1 
1    3 cos nx dx   x cos nx dx
  2 
 0
 

1 x 

1
n 0
  sin nx  sin nx dx 
2  n 0 

1
 2 cos nx
2n  0


1
cos n  1
2n 2

 0  even n

an   1
 n 2  odd n
 ONAYA SCHEMES


 f x sin nx dx
1
bn 
 

0 1 
1    3 sin nx dx   x sin nx dx
  2 
 0
 

1 3 

1  x
0 
1
  cos nx   cos nx   cos nx dx 
  n  2  n 0 n0 

1 
  3  3 cos n   1   cos n 
n  2 
 2 cos n  1
1
2n 

 1
   even n
2n
bn  
 6  1  odd n
 n 2n

3  1  1 
f x  
1 1 1 1 1
   cos x  cos 3 x  cos 5 x        sin x  sin 2 x  sin 3x  sin 4 x     
2 8  9 25  2 2 3 4 
6 1 1 
  sin x  sin 3 x  sin 5 x     
 3 5 

7. (a) Evaluate

2 2
0 
1
2x sin y dy dx. (5 marks)

SOLUTION
ONAYA SCHEMES
 2
2
I   2 x cos y dx
0
y  1

2
  2 x cos 4  2 x cos1 dx
0

 x cos 4  x cos1 2
2 2
0

 2
 2
 cos 4  cos1
4 4
 2.95

(b) Use double integration to determine the area bounded by the curves
y = x2 and y = 5x – x2 (8 marks)
SOLUTION

 5 25 
po int s of int er sec tion are 0, 0 and  , 
2 4 

Chart Title
7

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Y=x^2 Y=5x-x^2
 ONAYA SCHEMES
2 .5 5 x  x 2

A   dy dx
0 x2

2 .5 5 x x2

 y
0 2
dx
x
2 .5
  5 x  2 x 2 dx
0
2. 5
5x 2 2 x 3
 
2 3 0

 5.2083 sq units.

c) Find the volume of the solid bounded by the planes z =0, x = 1, x = 3,

y = -1, y = 2 and the surface
z = x2 + y2 – 4. (7 marks)
SOLUTION

3 2 x2  y 2 4

V   dz dy dx
1 1 0

3 2 x2  y 2 4

 z dy dx
1 1 0
3 2
   x 2  y 2  4 dy dx
1 1

3 2
y3
 x y  4y
2
dx
1
3 y  1

3
  3 x 2  9 dx
1

 8 cubic units

QUESTION 3
(a) Find
3x 2  5 x  3
 x  1 x 2  3 dx   (8 marks)

SOLUTION
ONAYA SCHEMES

3x 2  5 x  3 A Bx  C
  2
 
x  1 x  3 x  1 x  3
2

1 11 9
A B C
4 4 4
1 1 11x  9 
   dx   4  x  1  x 2  3  dx

1 11 9  x 
 ln x  1  ln x 2  3  tan 1    C
4 8 4 3  3

(b) Determine the x-coordinate of the centroid of the area bounded by the curve y  x e
2 3x

And the x-axis between x=0 and x=1 (12 marks)

SOLUTION
ONAYA SCHEMES

x   x dy dx
R

Where R is the region bounded by the curve y  x 2 e 3 x , the x-axis between x=0 and x=1.

1 x 2e3 x

  x dy dx I1
x 0 0

A A
1 x 2e3 x

I1   xy dx
0 y 0
1
  x 3e 3 x dx
0
1 1
x 3e 3 x
   x 2 e 3 x dx
3 0 0
e3
 A
3
1 1
x 2e3 x 2
A   x e 3 x dx
3 0 30

e 3 2  xe 3 x 
1 1
  e 3 x dx 
1
 
3 3 3 0 3 0 
 
1
e3 2 3 2 3 x
  e  e
3 9 27 0

e3 2 3 2 3 2
  e  e 
3 9 27 27
A  3.6455
e3
I1   3.6455
3
 3.0497

I1
x  0.8366
A
 ONAYA SCHEMES
QUESTION 6
A function is defined by:

 0 3 t  0

f x    2 x 0t 3
 f x  6


(a) Sketch the function over two periods. (2

marks)

(b) Determine the Fourier series of the function. (18

marks)
f(t) is neither even nor odd.

3
f x  dx
2
T 3
a0 

2 
0 4
   0 dx   2 x dx 

6  3 0 
 ONAYA SCHEMES

2  2x 2 
3

  
6 2 
 0

3

2  
3
an    2 x cos nx dx  

60 
 3

1  2 x 
3 3
2 

3  n
sin nx 
n  sin nx dx

0 0 

1  6 
3
2
 sin n  2 2 cos nx 
3  n n 0



2
cos n  1
3n  2
2

0  even n

an    4
 3n 2 2  odd n
 ONAYA SCHEMES

2 
3
bn    2 x sin nx dx 

60 

1  2 x 
3 3
2 
 
3  n
cos nx 
n  cos n x dx

0 0 


2
3 cos n 
3n

 2
 odd n
 n
bn  
 2  even n
 n

f x  
1
a0   a n cos nx  bn sin nx
2 all n

3 4  1 1  2 1 1 
  2  cos x  cos 3x  cos 5x        sin x  sin 2x  sin 3x     
2 3  9 25   2 3 


3

QUESTION 3
(a) An equation is gven by 2 x 3  x 2  33  0
 ONAYA SCHEMES
(i) Show that a root of the equation lies between x=2.3 and x=2.4.
(ii) Use linear interpolation to determine the root correct to 3 significant figures.(8 marks)

SOLUTION
f 2.3  3.376
f 2.4  0.408

f 2,3  f 2.4  1.338 which is less than zero, hence the root lies betweer x  2.3 and x  2.4

Let x0  2.3 f  x0   3.376

x1  2.4 f  x1   0.408

By definition;

x  x1 x  x0
f x   f  x0   f  x1 
x0  x1 x1  x0

x  2.4
  3.376   x  2.3 0.408
2.3  2.4 2.4  2.3

f  x   37.84 x  90.4  0

37.84 x  90.4

x  2.39

(b) Given that xn is an approximation to the root of the equation x 4  2 x 2  3 .

(i) Use Newton-Raphson method to show thata better approximation is given by
3xn4  2 xn2  3
xn1 
4 xn3  4 xn
(ii) Starting with x0  2 .Find the root of the equation correct to3 decimal places

(12 marks)
 ONAYA SCHEMES

f  x n   x n4  2 x n2  3
f  x   4 x n3  4 x n 1
Bydefinition;
f x n 
x n 1  x n 
f  x n 

x n4  2 x n2  3
 xn  2
4 x n3  4 x n

3 x n4  2 x n2  3

4 x n3  4 x n

Now, given that x 0  2

x1 
   
3 24  2 22  3
 
4 2 3  42 
 1.7917 3
x 2  1.7358 3
x3  1.7321
x 4  1.7321 3

The root is 1.7323d . p 

 ONAYA SCHEMES
QUESTION 8
A function is defined by:

 t 4t 0

f t    t  4 0t 4
 f t  8


(c) Sketch the function over two periods. (2 marks)

(d) Determine the Fourier series of the function. (18 marks)

SOLUTION
Note that f(t) is neither even nor odd.

4
f t  dt
2
T 4
a0 

2 
0 4
   t dt    t  4 dt 
8  4 0


 ONAYA SCHEMES

2t2 
0 4
t2
    4t 
8 2 2 
 4 0

0

2 
0 4
a n    t cos nt dt    t  4 cos nt dt 
8  4 0 

1  t sin nt 
0 0 4 4
 sin nt 
1
 sin nt dt   t  4  
1
 sin nt dt 
4  n 4 n 4
n  0 n 0



1  1 
0 4
1
 cos nt  2 2 cos nt 
4  n 
2 2
4 n 0



1
1  cos n 
2n 2 2

0  even n

an   1
 n 2 2  odd n
 ONAYA SCHEMES

2 
0 4
bn    t sin nt dt    t  4sin nt dt 

8  4 0 

1  t cos nt 
0 0 4 4
  cos nt 
1
 cos n t dt   t  4  
1
 cos nt dt 
4  n 4 n 4
n 0 n 0



1 1
  0  4  0  4
4  n 

0

bn  0 n

1  
f t    a n cos nt 
1 1
2 
cos t  cos 3t  cos 5t     
all n   9 25 

QUESTION 6
(a) Determine the Fourier series of the function

x  x 2   x  
f x    (12 marks)
 f x  2 

SOLUTION.

a0   f x  dx
1
 


1
  x  x
2
dx
 

2 2

3
ONAYA SCHEMES


 x  x  cos nx dx
1
an  2

 


1  

  xx
 

2 sin nx 1

  1  2 x sin nx dx
n  n  


  
 1  2 x 
1 cos nx 2
   cos nx dx
n  n  n  


1
4 cos n 
n 2

4
n2  even odd

an  
 4
 2  odd n
 n
 ONAYA SCHEMES


 x  x  sin nx dx
1
bn  2

 


1  

 
 
 x x 
2 cos nx

1
 1  2 x cos nx dx
n  n  


  

1
  2 cos n   1  2 x  sin nx

2
 sin nx dx
n  n  n  


1
 2 cos n 
n

 2
 n  even odd

bn  
2
  odd n
n

f t  
1
a 0   a n cos nx  bn sin nx
2 all n

2  1 1 1   1 1 
  4 cos x  cos 2 x  cos 3 x  cos 4 x       2 sin x  sin 2 x  sin 3 x     
3  4 9 16   2 3 

(b) Find the Fourier cosine series of the function

 
 1 0 x
f x   
2 (8 marks)
 0 
  x
2

SOLUTION
For cosine series, we assume that f(x) is even so that bn  0
ONAYA SCHEMES


 f x  dx
2
a0 
 0


2
2

 1 dx
0

1


2
2
an 
  cos nx dx
0

2 n
 sin
n 2

 2
 n  n  1, 5, 9,   

an  
 2
  n  3, 7, 11,  
 n

f x  
1
a 0   a n cos nx
2 all n

1 2 1 1 1 
   cos x  cos 3 x  cos 5 x  cos 7 x     
2  3 5 7 

QUESTION 8

(a) Evaluate
 ONAYA SCHEMES
4 2

  2 xy  x
2
dy dx (5 marks)
1 0
SOLUTION
4 2 4

  2 xy  x dy dx   xy  x y
2 2 2 2
dx
y 0
1 0 1

4
  4 x  2 x 2 dx
1

4
2 3
 2x 2  x
3 1

 72
(b) Use a double integral to find the area enclosed by the line y  2  x and the curve y 2  22  x 

SOLUTION
POINTS OF INTERSECTI ON ARE 0 ,2  AND  2, 4 

4 y 2
2 4
A   dx dy
0 2 y

2 4 y 2
 x 4
2 y
dx
0

2
y2
  1  y dy
0
4

2
y3 y2
y 
12 2 0

2
 sq units
3
ONAYA SCHEMES

(c) Use a triple integral to find the volume of the solid bounded by the cylinder x 2  y 2  4 and the
planes y  z  4 and z  o
SOLUTION

4 y

V    dz dy dx 1
R 0

Where R is the region on the xy-plane bounded by the circle x 2  y 2  4

V   4  y dx dy 2
R

On changing into polar coordinates we obtain,


2 2
V  4
0 0
 4  r sin   r dr d 4


2
2
r3
 4  2r  sin 
2
d 1
0
3 r 0


1
2
8
 4  8  sin  d  
0
3 2


8 2 1
 8  cos  
3 0 2
1
 9.89 cubic units  
2

QUESTION 4
(a) Use Newton-Raphson method to approximate the root of the equation cos x  x 2  1 near
x  1 .2 . (9 marks)

SOLUTION
 ONAYA SCHEMES

f  x n   cos x n  x n2  1
f  x n    sin x n  2 x n
f xn 
x n 1  x n 
f  x n 
cos x n  x n2  1
 xn 
 sin x n  2 x n
x n sin x n  cos x n  x n2  1

sin x n  2 x n
x0  1.2
x1  1.1767
x 2  1.1765
x3  1.1765
the root is 1.17654dp 

QUESTION 7
Given the function
x  x 2    x  
f x   
 f  x  2 
Derive the Fourier series of the function. (20 marks)

SOLUTION
NOTE THAT f(t) IS NEITHER EVEN NOR ODD.

a 0   f  x  dx
1
 

1
  x  x
2
dx
 

2 2

3
 ONAYA SCHEMES


 f x  cos nx dx
1
an 
 


 x  x  cos nx dx
1
 2

 

1  


 
 x x 2 1

sin nx 
1
 1  2 x sin nx dx
n  n  

1  


 1  2 x  cos nx   cos nx dx

1 2

n  n  n  

 2 4 cos n 
1
n
4
 2 cos n
n
 4
 n 2  even n
an  
 4  odd n
 n 2

 f x  sin nx dx
1
bn 
 


 x  x  sin nx dx
1
 2

 

1  

  x  x
 
2 1
 
cos nx   1  2 x  cos nx dx
1
n  n  

 

1
  2 cos n    1  2 x  cos nx dx
n   

  
1
  1 2
n 
   2 cos n  1  2 x sin nx  sin nx dx 
n  n  
2
  cos n
n
 2
  even n
 n
bn  
 2  odd n
 n
 ONAYA SCHEMES

f x   a0   a n cos nx  bn sin nx
1
2 n 1

2  1 1 1   1 1 1 
  4 cos x  cos 2 x  cos 3x  cos 4 x  .......  2 sin x  sin 2 x  sin 3x  sin 4 x  .....
3  4 9 16   2 3 4 

QUESTION 2
(a) Evaluate:
 x
(i)   x sin y dy dx
0 0

 3x  5 y dy dx where R is the region bounded by the line y  x and the curve y  x 2 .

2
(ii)
R
(12 marks)

SOLUTION
(i)
 x  x

  x sin y dy dx    x cos y dx
0 0 0 y 0

   x cos x  x dx
0

 x2 
   x sin x   sin x dx  
 0
2

 x2 
   x sin x  cos x  
 2 0
2
 2
2
 ONAYA SCHEMES
(ii)

1 x

 3x  5 y dy dx    3x  5 y dy dx
2 2

R 0 x2

1 x
5
  3x y  y 2
2

0
2 y x2
1
5 2 11 4
  3x 3  x  x dx
0
2 2
 0.4833
(b) Use double integrals to find the area bounded by the curves y  6 x 2  4 and y  3x 2 (8
marks)
SOLUTION
2 2
3x2

  dy dx   3x  6 x 
3 3
A 2 2
 4 dx

2 6 x2 4 
2
3 3

 6.158
 ONAYA SCHEMES

QUESTION 5
A function is defined by
  2t   t  0

f t    0 0t 
 f t  2 

(a) Sketch the function between t  2 and t  2 (2 marks)

(b) Determine the Fourier series for the function. (18 marks)

SOLUTION
NOTE THAT f(t) NEITHER ODD NOR EVEN.

a0   f t  dt
1
 

1 
0
   2t dt   0 dt 
  0 

ONAYA SCHEMES


 f t cos nt dt
1
an 
 

1 
0
    2t cos nt dt   0 dt 
  0 
1 
0 0
sin nt 2
  2t   sin nt dt 
  n  n  
0
2
 cos nt
n 2 

  2 1  cos n 
2
n
 0  even n

an   4
  n 2  odd n

 f t sin nt dt
1
bn 
 

1 
0
   2t sin nt dt   0 dt 
  0 
1  cos nt 
0 0
2
 
 
2t 
n  n   cos nt dt 



2
 cos n 
n

 2
 n  even n
bn  
 2  odd n
 n


f t  
1
a0   a n cos nt  bn sin nt
2 n 1

 4 1 1 1   1 1 1 
   cos t  cos 3t  cos 5t  cos 7t  .......  2 sin t  sin 2t  sin 3t  sin 4t  .....
2  9 25 49   2 3 4 

QUESTION 6
(a) Given that xn is an approximation to the root of the equation:
 ONAYA SCHEMES

3x 3  7 x 2  7 x  4  0
(i) Show using Newton-Raphson method that a better approximation xn1 is given by
6 x n3  7 x n2  4
x n 1 
9 x n2  14 x n  7
(ii) Hence determine the root of the equation near x  1.5 correct to five decimal places.

SOLUTION
f  x n   3 x n3  7 x n2  7 x n  4
f  x n   9 x n2  14 x n  7
f xn 
x n 1  x n 
f  x n 
3 x n3  7 x n2  7 x n  4
 xn 
9 x n2  14 x n  7
6 x n3  7 x n2  4

9 x n2  14 x n  7
x 0  1. 5
x1  1.36
x 2  1.3341299
x3  1.333334
x 4  1.333333
the root is 1.333334dp 

(9 marks)
(b) A function f  x  is tabulated as shown below

x 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7

f x  13.6495 16.6717 20.3627 24.8711 30.3776 37.1033 45.3181 55.3516

Use Gregory-Newton formula to evaluate

(i) f 2.03
(ii) f 2.64 (11 marks)

SOLUTION
 ONAYA SCHEMES

2 13.6495
3.0222
2.1 16.6717 0.6688
3.691 0.1486
2.2 20.3627 0.8174 0.0321
4.5084 0.1807 0.0083
2.3 24.8711 0.9981 0.0404 0.0001
5.5065 0.2211 0.0084 0.0024
2.4 30.3776 1.2192 0.0488 0.0025
6.7257 0.2699 0.0109
2.5 37.1033 1.4891 0.0597
8.2148 0.3296
2.6 45.3181 1.8187
10.0335
2.7 55.3516

By definition;
 ONAYA SCHEMES

f  x0  2 f  x0 
f x   f x0   x  x0    x  x0  x  x1     
h 2!h 2
 0.6688 
 13.6495   x  2    x  2  x  2.1    x  2  x  2.1 x  2.2
3.0222 0.1486
2 

0.1  2 ! 0.1  3!0.13

 x  2  x  2.1 x  2.2  x  2.3

0.0321  x  2x  2.1x  2.1x  2.3x  2.4 0.0083
4 !0.14 5!0.15

  x  2  x  2.1x  2.2 x  2.3 x  2.4  x  2.5

0.0001
6!0.16

  x  2  x  2.1x  2.2 x  2.3 x  2.4  x  2.5 x  2.6 

0.0024
7 !0.7 7

f 2.03  13.6495  0.0330.222   0.03 0.07 33.44  0.03 0.07  0.17 24.77
 0.03 0.07  0.17  0.27 13.375   0.03 0.07  0.17  0.27  0.37 6.917
 0.03 0.07  0.17  0.27  0.37  0.47 0.139
 0.03 0.07  0.17  0.27  0.37  0.47  0.57 0.139
 14.49375
f 1.68   1.68  1.68  1.935
3

 4.996632

QUESTION 1
2 1 
(a) Find the Eigen values and the corresponding Eigen vectors of the matrix A   
 3 4
(10
marks)
(b) A linear time-invariant system is characterized by the vector differential equation
dx
~
 Ax ,
dt ~

4 0 
Where A    . Find the state transition matrix t  of the system. (10 marks)
1  3
QUESTION 2
(a) Find the half range Fourier sine series to represent the function f x   3x in the range
0 x  . (8 marks)
 2x
 1    x  0



A function f  x  is defined by f  x    1 
2x
(b) 0 x 
 
 f  x  2 


 ONAYA SCHEMES
(i) Sketch the graph of f  x  for    x  
(ii) Obtain the Fourier series for the function f  x  and deduce that:
2 1 1
 1 2  2     (12 marks)
8 3 5
QUESTION 3
(a) Table 1 represents values of x and the corresponding values of f  x 
Table 1
x 0 1 2 3 4
f(x) 3 6 11 18 27

(i) Use the Newton –Gregory interpolation formular to determine f  x 

(ii) Hence find f 2.8 (10 marks)
(b) (i) Using the Newton –Raphson method, show that if xn is an approximation to 4 a ,
then a
1 a 
better approximation is given by x n 1   3 xn  3  .
4 xn 

(ii) Hence evaluate 17 correct to six decimal places. (10 marks)

QUESTION 4
(a) (i) Determine the constants a and b in order that
   
f z   x 2  ay 2  2 xy  j bx 2  y 2  2 xy is analytic
(ii) Express f z  and f  z  in terms of the complex variable z  x  jy (9 marks)
(b) Find he image in the   plane of the circle z  2 under the transformation equation
z j
 (11 marks)
z j

QUESTION 5
(a) Find the area enclosed by the curve y  2  x and y 2  22  x  using a double integral.
(10 marks)
(b) Verify Green’s theorem in the plane for c
3x  8 y  dx  4 y  6 xy dy where C is the
2 2

Boundary of the region defined by x  0, y  0, x  y  1 (10 marks)

SOLUTION
Green’s theorem states that:
 Q P 
C P dx  Q dy  R  x  y  dx dy
Q P
 3x 
 8 y 2 dx  4 y  6 xy  dy   
2
We wish to show that dy dx
c
R
x y
 ONAYA SCHEMES

L.H.S
Along c1: y  0, dy  0; hence

 3x  dx  4 y  6 xy dy   3x
1
2
 8y 2 2
dx
c
0

1
Along c2: x  y  1 i.e y  1  x;
dy  dx therefore;

 3x  
 8 y 2  dx  4 y  6 xy  dy   3 x 2  81  x   41  x   6 x1  x  dx
0
2 2
c
1
0
   11x 2  26 x  12 dx
1

8

3

Along c3: x  0 dx  0;

 3x 
0
2
 8 y 2 dx  4 y  6 xy  dy   4 y dy
c
1

 2

3x 2

 8 y 2 dx  4 y  6 xy  dy  1   2
8
 c
3
5

3

R.H.S
 ONAYA SCHEMES
1 1 x
Q P
R x  y dy dx  0 0  6 y  16 y dy dx
1 1 x

 5y 2

0 0
1
 5 1  x  dx
2

5

3
L.H.S=R.H.S hence Green’s theorem is verified.
QUESTION 1
(a) Given the data in table 1
Table 1
x 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2 2.5 3.0.0

f(x) 0.75 -0.25 -0.25 0.75 2.75 5.75 9.75

Use Newton forward interpolation formula to obtain an approximation of f 1.65 (6

marks)
x f x  f x  2 f x 
0 0.75
-1
0.5 -0.25 1
0
1 -0.25 1
1
1.5 0.75 1
2
2 2.75 1
3
2.5 5.75 1
4
3 9.75
ONAYA SCHEMES

f  x0  2 f  x0 
f x   f x0   x  x0    x  x0  x  x1     
h 2!h 2
 1   1 
 0.75   x  0      x  0  x  0.5 
2 
 0.5   2 ! 0 .5 
 2 x 2  3 x  0.75

f 1.65  1.65  31.65   0.75

2

 1.245
(b) Use Newton- Raphson method to find the positive root of the equation
7 x 3  19 x 2  15 x  27  0 correct to 2 decimal places. (14 marks)

SOLUTION

f  x n   7 x n3  19 x n2  15 x n  27
f x n   21x n2  38 x n  15 2
Bydefinition;
f xn 
x n 1  x n 
f  x n 

7 x n3  19 x n2  15 x n  27
 xn 
21x n2  38 x n  15

14 x n3  19 x n2  27
 4
21x n2  38 x n  15

Now, given that x0 

x1 

x2 
x3 
(c)
The root is 6

QUESTION 2
Table 2 gives the capacitance of a sample of 40 capacitors taken correct to the nearest
hundredth.
 ONAYA SCHEMES
Table 2
7.75 8.32 8.07 7.87 7.81 8.12 7.95 8.35 7.86 8.19
7.78 8.16 7.91 7.82 8.19 8.21 8.27 7.72 7.93 8.23
8.29 7.73 7.75 8.12 7.93 7.92 8.12 7.78 7.86 8.06
8.16 7.93 8.07 8.09 7.96 8.19 7.73 8.24 7.85 8.32
(a) Classify the data in table 2 using classes 7.7-7.8, 7.8-7.9, and so on (10 marks)
(b) Calculate the skewness of the data in table 2 (10 marks)

QUESTION 3
An experimental determination of the relationship between two variables x and y yielded the
results in table 3.
Table 3
X 3 5 7 9 11 13 15
Y 5 8 13 16 20 25 31

(a) Find the regression line of y on x. (16 marks)

(b) Find the product moment correlation coefficient. (4 marks)

QUESTION 4
(a) Tests performed in a casting section of a certain factory show that on average, 1 in every 5
castings made is defective. In a sample of 8 castings selected at random, what is the
probability of obtaining
(i) Exactly 2 defectives.
(ii) At least 2 defectives. (7 marks)

(b) The number of cars entering a service station during the time interval 1000hrs to 12 noon is
an average 150.If the cars enter randomly following a Poisson distribution, find the
probability that between 1046 and 1050 hrs, the number of cars entering the station are;
(i) Exactly 5
(ii) Between 6 and 10 (7 marks)

(c) The lifespan of bulbs produced by a certain company are known to be normally distributed.
A large consumer notes that 10% have a life exceeding 3000 hours and 60% have a life
exceeding 2000 hours. Find the mean and standard deviation of the distribution.
(6 marks)

QUESTION 5
(a) The rate of change of the resistance R ohms of a copper conductor with temperature  0 C is
directly proportional to the resistance of the conductor.If R is 45.5ohms when   20 0 C and
R  57.4 when   80 0 C , find the resistance when   50 0 C (7 marks)
(b) Solve the differential equations
 ONAYA SCHEMES

(i) x 
 y 2 dx  xydy given that x  1 when y  1
2

dy y
(ii)   2  x given that x  1 when y  5 (13 marks)
dx x

QUESTION 6
(a) Solve the differential equation;
d 2 y dy
2

dx

 2y  2 1 x  x2  (8 marks)
dx
(b) A circuit consists of an inductance of o.o5 henry, a resistance of 20 ohms, a condenser of
capacitance 100 microfarads and an EMF of 200V.Find the charge at any time t given that
q  0, i  0, when t  0 (12 marks)

QUESTION 7
(a) Obtain the Fourier series for the triangular wave form below

(15
marks)
(b) Expand the function f x   x in the range 0  x   into a half range sine series (5 marks)

QUESTION 8
(a) Impulses of 2, 5 and 8 units occur at t=1, t=3, and t=4 respectively in the directions shown below.
Write down an expression for F(t) and determine its Laplace transform.(3 marks)
 ONAYA SCHEMES

SOLUTION

f t   2 t  1  5 t  3  8 t  4
s
5e 3s 8e  4 s
F s  
2e
 
s s s

(b) Determine F t   L 
1  

 3 1  e s 
 s 1 
 e 3 s 
 
And sketch the resulting wave form of f(t) (7 marks)

F s  
3
s
  
1  e  s 1  e 3 s
1

3
  
 1  e  s 1  e 3 s  e 6 s  e 9 s  ...
s
3 3e  s 3e 3s 3e 4 s 3e 6 s
      ...
s s s s s
F t   3H t   3H t  1  3H t  3  3H t  4  3H t  6  ...
ONAYA SCHEMES

(c) Solve the differential equation

d 2 x dx dx
3 2   4 x  2e t given that x  0,  5 when t  0 using Laplace transforms.
dt dt dt

(10 marks)
QUESTION 1
1
(a) Use the trapezium rule to estimate the area under the curve y  from x=1 to x=2 using six
x
ordinates.
If the exact area is found to be 0.6931 square units, find the percentage error in the estimate.
(8 marks)

SOLUTION
2 1
For six ordinates , h   0.2
6 1

x 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0

1 1 0.8333 0.7143 0.625 0.5556 0.5
y
x
 ONAYA SCHEMES
by definition;
1 
I  h   y 0  y n    y1  y 2  ...  y n 1 
2 
 0.20.75  0.8333  0.7143  0.625  0.5556 
 0.6956
Error  0.6956  0.6931  0.0025
0.0025
% error   100  0.36%
0.6931

(b) Use the Newton-Raphson method to determine the value of the root of the equation;
0.95e x  35 log e x  3 if the approximation of the root is 4.0.Give your answer correct to four
significant places. (9 marks)

SOLUTION

f x n   0.95e xn  35 ln xn  3

f x n   0.95e xn 
35
xn

0.95e xn  35 ln x n  3
x n 1  x n 
35
0.95e xn 
xn
0.95 x n e xn  35 x n ln x n  3 x n
 xn 
0.95 x n e xn  35
0.95 x n2 e xn  0.95 x n e xn  35 x n ln x n  32 x n

0.95 x n e xn  35
x0  4.0
x1  3.9919
x 2  3.9919
The root is 3.992 4 sig . fig 
(c) If f 36.5  0.59482 and f 37.5  0.60876 .Use linear interpolation to determine the value
of f 37  , correct to four decimal places. (3 marks)

SOLUTION
 ONAYA SCHEMES
Given x0  36.5, f  x0   0.59482
x1  37.5, f  x1   0.60876
By definition;
x  x1 x  x0
f x   f x0   f  x1 
x0  x1 x1  x0
x  37.5
 0.59482   x  36.5 0.60876 
36.5  37.5 37.5  36.5
 0.01394 x  0.08601
Therefore;
f (37)  0.01394 (37 )  0.08601
 0.60179

QUESTION 2
(a) The annual attendance of each student in an electrical engineering class is given as shown
192 192 191 220 200 195 208 206 200 193
199 191 204 210 208 220 205 207 220 200
208 200 206 218 217 193 196 207 204 206
220 201 206 202 208 201 206 205 194 214

Use a frequency distribution table of class interval of size 5 to determine the median (6 marks)

SOLUTION

CLASS FREQ (f) CUMM. FREQ

190-194 7 7
195-199 3 10
200-204 9 19
205-209 13 32
210-214 2 34
215-219 2 36
220-224 4 40

N
 20, Median class  205  209
2
l  204 .5, h  5, C  19, f  13
hN 
M l  C
f 2 
 204 .5  20  19 
5
13
 204 .88
ONAYA SCHEMES
(b) Table 2 shows the quantity of electricity in kilowatts supplied to a homestead on diverse days in a
year
Quantity of 0 1 2 3 4 5
Elec
Day of week 1 2 4 4 5 3

Calculate the:
(i) Mean
(ii) Mean absolute deviation
(iii) Variance
(iv) Standard deviation (14 marks)

QUESTION 3
(a) Solve the differential equation using the D-operator method
d2y dy dy
6 2  5  4 y  e 3 x sin 2 x given that y  11,  0 when x  0 (14
dx dx dx
marks)

SOLUTION
 ONAYA SCHEMES
Characteristic Equation;
6 m 2  5m  4  0
1 4
m  or 
2 3
Complementary function
1 4
x  x
y c  Ae 2
 Be 3

Particular Integral;
1
yp  e 3 x sin 2 x
6 D  5D  4
2

1
 e3x sin 2 x
6D  3  5D  3  4
2

1
 e3x sin 2 x
6 D  41D  65
2

1
 e3x

6  2  41D  65
2
 sin 2 x

1
 e3x sin 2 x
41D  41
1 1
 e3x sin 2 x
41 D 1
1 D 1
 e3x 2 sin 2 x
41 D 1
1 D 1
 e3x sin 2 x
41  22  1
e 2 cos 2 x  sin 2 x 
1 3x

205
Complete general solution;
1 4
 x
e 2 cos 2 x  sin 2 x 
x 1 3x
y  Ae 2  Be 3

205
but y  11 when x  0

(b) Solve the differential equation

dy x 2  y 2
 (6 marks)
dx xy
 ONAYA SCHEMES
SOLUTION
this is a first order hom ogeneous D.E
2

dy 1 y
 x2
dx y
x
dy dv y
let y  vx so that vx and v 
dx dx x
therefore;
dv 1  v 2
vx 
dx v
dv 1
x 
dx v
1
 v dv   x dx
v2
 ln x  C
2
y2
 ln x  C
2x 2
QUESTION 4
(a) Find the inverse Laplace transform of;
3s  1
(6 marks)
s  2 s  24
2

SOLUTION
3s  1 3S  1 A B
  
s  2 s  24 S  6 S  4  S  6 S  4
2

3S  1 17 3S  1 13
A  Lim  B  Lim 
S 6 S  4 10 S  4 S  6 10
1  17 13 
F S     
10  S  6 S  4 

f t  
1
10

17e 6t  13e  4t 
(b) Use Laplace transforms to solve the differential equations


x  2x  y  0


y  2y  x  0
Given that x0  4, y0  2, x1  0, y1  0 (14 marks)
 ONAYA SCHEMES
SOLUTION
s 2 x  sx0  x1  2 x  y  0
s 2 y  sy 0  y1  2 y  x  0

s 2 x  4s  2 x  y  0
s 2 y  2s  2 y  x  0

s 2

 2 x  y  4s

 x  s 2  2 y  2s s 2  2

s 2

2

 2  1 y  2s s 2  2  4s  
s 2
 4 s  3 y  2 s 3  8s
s  1s  3 y  2s
2 2 3
 8s
2 s 3  8s
y
 
s2 1 s2  3 
As  B Cs  D

 2
s2 1 s 3

2 s  8s   As  B  s  3  Cs  D  s 2  1
3 2
  
AC  2
BD0
3A  C  8
3B  D  0
A  3, C  1, B  0, D  0
3s s
y  2
s 1 s  3
2

y  3 cos t  cos 3t
from eqn 1

x  2y  y
 
 2 3 cos t  cos 3t  3 cos t  3 cos 3t
 3 cos t  cos 3t

QUESTION 5
(a) Define analytically the periodic function shown below
 ONAYA SCHEMES

(4 marks)

SOLUTION
 x  2 0  x  3

f x     1 3 x5
 f  x  5


(b) Find the Fourier series for the periodic function defined analytically by
ONAYA SCHEMES

 
0,    x   2

4,    x  
f x    2 2 (16 marks)
 
0,  x
 2
 f  x  2 

SOLUTION

F(x) is even
Therefore
bn  0


 f x  dx
2
an 
 0

2
2

  4 dx
0

4
 ONAYA SCHEMES

 f x cos nx dx
2
an 
 0

2
2

  4 cos nx dx
0

8 2
 sin nx
n 0

8 n
 sin
n 2

 0  even n

 8
an    n  1, 5, 9, ...
 n 
 8
 n  n  3, 7, 11, ...
8 
f  x   2   sin x  sin 3 x  sin 5 x  sin 7 x  .........
1 1 1
 3 5 7 

QUESTION 6
(a) The letters of the word DISLOCATE are arranged at random. Find the probability that the vowels
are separated. (6 marks)
(b) In a game of letters of the alphabet are written on separate cards and ten cards are drawn at
random. Find the probability that at least one vowel is included. (7 marks)
(c) In a large batch of seeds, 75% of plants which could be grown from it could have red flowers and
the rest purple. Find the probability that two plants grown from it should have flowers of the same
colour. (7 marks)

QUESTION 7
(a) Solve the differential equation:
dq
t  2q  t 2  log e t
dt
given that q  0 when t  1

(8
marks)
(b) The motion of a particle on an electric plate is governed by the differential equation
d 2x dx
2
 4  29 x  cos 5t
dt dt
 ONAYA SCHEMES

(i) Using the D-operator method, determine the position of the particle at any given time t.
(ii) Show that in the long run the motion of the particle is simple harmonic. (12 marks)

QUESTION 8
(a) A random sample of 9 observations of a normal variable x gave

 x  251.3
and  x  x  2.21  
2

Compute a 95% confidence interval for the population mean. (5

marks)
(b) The blood pressure of 10 men of various ages were recorded as shown below
Age(x) 27 29 35 37 41 43 49 50 60
years
BP (y) 99 110 95 120 126 125 140 136 142

(i) Calculate the coefficient of determination and comment on the result.

(ii) Find the least squares regression line of blood pressure on age. (15 marks)

QUESTION 1
(a) (i) Evaluate
0.4

 x ln 1  x  dx
0
using Simpson’s rule with five ordinates. Give your answer correct to 2

significant figures.
(ii) Evaluate (i) above by direct integration and find the percentage error. (12 marks)

(b) Using the Newton Raphson method find to 5 decimal places the positive root of the equation
3x 3  4 x  5  0 (8 marks)

QUESTION 2
Solve the differential equations:
d2y dy
(a) 2
 5  14 y  3 cos 2 x (10 marks)
dx dx
dy
(b) 2 xy  y2  x2 (10 marks)
dx

QUESTION 3
s8s  67 
  
(a) Determine the inverse Laplace transform of (8 marks)
s  9 s2  4
s

(b) Solve using Laplace transforms, the differential equation

 ONAYA SCHEMES

d 2x dx
2
 20 x  cos 3t given that x  1,  3 when t  0 (12 marks)
dt dt

QUESTION 4
(a) A random variable x has probability density function
kx7  x 2 0 x7
f x   
 0 elsewhere
Find the:
(i) Value of the constant k
(ii) Mean
(iii) Standard deviation
(iv) Mode (20 marks)

QUESTION 5
Solve the system of simultaneous differential equations
D  3x  2D  2y  2 sin t
(20
2D  1x  D  1 y  cos t
marks)

QUESTION 6
Expand f  x   1 
x
in the range (0, 3) in the half range Fourier
3
(a) Sine series
(b) Cosine series (20 marks)

QUESTION 7
Figure 1 shows an e.m.f of 200 volts applied across a series circuit consisting of a resistance of
40 , an inductor of 0.1 henry and a capacitor of 200 microfarads

Find:
(a) The charge q at any time t.
 ONAYA SCHEMES
(b) The current I at any time
dq
Given the initial conditions i   0 , q  0 when t  0
dt

QUESTION 8
Table 1 shows corresponding values of two quantities x and y.
x 25 30 35 40 45 50
y 78 70 65 58 48 42

(a) Find the correlation coefficient (11 marks)

(b) Find the regression line of y on x (9 marks)

QUESTION 1.
(a) (i) Evaluate

0 .4

x
0
1  x 2 dx using Simpsons rule with five ordinates.

(ii) Evaluate the integral in (a) (i) by direct integration and find the percentage error. (13 marks)
(b) Show that if xn is an approximation to the root of the equation x 3  3x  3  0 , then a better
approximation is given by;
2 x n3  3
x n 1 
3x n2  3
Hence find the root of the equation correct to four decimal places starting with x0  2.2

QUESTION 2.
Solve the following simultaneous differential equations using Laplace transforms:
dx
 5 x  6 y  8 cos 3t
dt
dy
 5 y  6 x  9 cos 3t
dt
Given the initial conditions x  y  0 when t  0 (20 marks)

QUESTION 3.
(a) Determine the inverse Laplace transform of ;
5s  3
  
(9 marks)
s  2 s2  3
2

(b) A system has the equation of motion

d 2x
 7  10 x  f t 
dx
2
dt dt
 ONAYA SCHEMES

Where f t  is an impulse of 7 units applied at t=3 and that at t=0, x=0 and
dx
0
dt
.Determine the expression for the displacement x in terms of t using Laplace transforms. (11
marks)

QUESTION 4.
The x-component of the acceleration of a particle of unit mass moving in a plane is equal to its y-
component, and the y-component of the acceleration is equal to thrice its x-component. Find the
dx dy
equation of the path given the initial conditions x  y  0,  2,  4 when t  0 (20
dt dt
marks)
QUESTION 5.
A function f(x) is defined by
 0 4 x0

f x    5 0  x  4
 f  x  8

(a) Sketch the graph of the function over two periods (2 marks)
(b) Find the Fourier series for the function (14 marks)
(c) Show that the function converges to in the given range (4 marks)

QUESTION 6.
A continuous random variable x has probability density function given by;
 K x  K 2 x 2 for 0  x  5
f x    1
 0 elsewhere
Observations on X indicate that the mean is 2.
(a) Find the values of the constants K1 and K 2 (7 marks)
(b) Find the variance of X (6 marks)
(c) Determine p X  x  (2 marks)
(d) If two independent observations are made on X what is the probability that at least one of them
is less than 0.25 (5 marks)

QUESTION 7.
dy
(a) Solve the differential equation 8 x 2  7x2  y 2 (10 marks)
dx
(b) A rifle is fired horizontally with an initial velocity of V0 in a medium whose resistance is
proportional to the square of the velocity.The initial velocity of 200 ms 1 is reduced to
3
160 ms 1 in sec onds.
4
 ONAYA SCHEMES
(i) Find an expression for the velocity V after t seconds.
(ii) Find the velocity after 1 second. (10 marks)

QUESTION 8.
Table 1 shows the marks obtained by 200 candidates in an examination.

Table 1
Marks 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80- 90-
89 99
Frequency 8 20 22 28 48 47 19 6 2

(a) Construct a percentage cumulative frequency table of the data and hence draw the
cumulative frequency curve. (8 marks).
(b) From the curve in (a) above determine the median mark of the distribution.(2
marks)
(c) Calculate the mean, standard deviation and the coefficient of variation of the
distribution
of the marks (10 marks)