University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun

Tutorial Sheet
Course: B. Tech. Subject: Mathematics I

Jacobians

( x , y) ( r ,  ) ( x , y) ( r ,  ) 1
1. . If x=rcos  , y=rsin  , find and . Ans: =r, =
(r , ) ( x , y ) (r , ) ( x , y ) r
(x, y, z)
2. If x=r sin  cos , y= r sin  sin  , z=r cos , show that = r 2 sin 
(r , ,  )
( r ,  ,  ) 1
and find .Ans: 2
( x , y , z ) r sin 
x x x x x x ( y 1 , y 2 , y 3 )
3. If y 1  2 3 , y 2  1 3 , y 3  1 2 ; then show that =4.
x1 x2 x3 (x 1 , x 2 , x 3 )
( x, y , z) 1
4. If u=xyz,v= x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ,w=x+y+z, find Ans:
( u , v, w) 2( x  y )( y  z )( z  x )
( x, y , z)
5. If x + y+ z=u, y+ z=vu and z=uvw, show that = u2 v .
( u , v, w)
1 1 1
6. If u=x 
1r 2 2

,v=y 
1r 2 2
 and w=z 
1r 2 2
, 
5
2 2 2 2
where r = x + y + z then show that
( u , v , w )
( x , y , z )
= 1  r2  
2.

( u , v , w )
7. If u,v,w are the roots of the equation (x  a)3  (x  b)3  (x  c)3 =0,then find .
( a , b , c )
( u , v , w )  2(a  b)( b  c)( c  a )
Ans: =
( a , b , c) ( u  v )( v  w )( w  u )
xy yz y( x  y  z)
8. If u= , v= , w= then show that u, v, w are dependent and find the relation
z x xz
between them. Ans: uv =w+1
9. Define the Jacobian J( u , v ) of the two functions u( x , y ) and v( x , y ) .If J be the Jacobian of u & v with
respect to x & y and J’ be the Jacobian of x & y with regard to u & v, then prove that JJ’=1.
10. Prove by using Jacobians that the following are not independent: u=x + y - z,
v=x-y +z, w= x 2  y 2  z 2 -2yz. Find the relation between u and v. Ans: u 2  v 2  2 w

1 1 1 1
11. If u 3 =xyz, = + + and w 2 = x2  y2  z2 , then prove that
v x y z
( u , v , w ) v( x  y)(y  z)(z  x)(x  y  z)
=
( x , y , z ) 3u 2 w( xy  yz  zx)

1
 Maxima and Minima

1. Find the extreme values of function x 3  y 3 -3axy.

Ans: Extreme points (0, 0), (a,a);Min. Value:  a 3 ; Max. Value: a 3

2. Test the function f(x, y) = x 3 y 2 (6  x  y) for maxima and minima for points not at origin.
Ans: Max Value at (3,2)
3. Examine for minimum and maximum values: sinx + siny + sin(x+y)
   3 3
Ans: Max. Value at  , = .
3 3 2


4. Test the function f(x, y) = x 2  y 2 e  x2  y2  for maxima and minima for points not on the circle
x 2  y 2 =1. Ans: Min. Value at (0, 0) =0.
5. Find the semi vertical angle of the cone of maximum volume and given slant height.
Ans: tan 1 2
6. Show that the rectangular solid of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a given sphere is a
cube.
7. Find the maximum and minimum value of the function x 3 y 2 (1  x  y) .
1 1 1
Ans: Max. Value = at  ,  .
430  2 3 

Maxima and Minima (Lagrange’s Method)

1. The sum of three positive numbers is constant. Prove that their product is maximum when they
are equal.
2. Show that the rectangular solid of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a given sphere is a
cube.
3. Find the volume of the largest parallelepiped that can be inscribed in the
x2 y2 z2 8abc
ellipsoid 2  2  2  1 . Ans:
a b c 3 3
4. Find the maximum and minimum distances of the point (3, 4, 12) from the
sphere x 2  y 2  z 2  1 . Ans: Min distance =12, Max. distance=14
5. Find the maximum and minimum distances from the origin to the curve x 2  4xy  6y 2  140 .
Ans: Max distance= 245  35 41 =21.65, Min. distance= 245  35 41 =4.57

2 2 2 p2
6. Find the minimum value of x  y  z ,given that ax+by+cz=p . Ans: u min  2
a  b2  c2
7. Find the maximum and minimum values of ax+by when xy= c 2 .
Ans: Min value=2c ab , Max value = -2c ab

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8. Find the maximum and minimum value of x m y n z p subject to the condition ax+ by + cz =p +q+ r.
m  n p
m m n n pp  p  q  r 
Ans m n p  
a b c  m  n  p 
9. Find the minimum value of x 2  y 2 subject to the condition ax  by  c  0 .