BS-Eng.

1 (Evening) Assigned by: Mam Sarah Shamshad

Department of English
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Types of Syntax:

 Simple Sentence
Example: The girl ran.
Structure: Subject-Verb

 Compound Sentence
Example: The girl ran the marathon, and her cousin did, too.
Structure: Subject-verb-object-conjunction-subject-verb

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Types of Syntax:
 Complex Sentence
Example: Although they were tired after the marathon, the cousins decided to go
to celebration at the park.
Structure: Dependent clause-subject-verb-object-

 Compound Complex sentence

Example: Although they were not fond of crowds, this was different, they
decided, because of the common goal that had brought

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 Comparison of types of Sentence:

Well Formed Ill Formed

• Sequence of words that • Those that violate the syntactic

conform to the rules of syntax rules are ill formed.
are said to be well formed.
• Example: Child the found the puppy.
• Example: The child found the puppy

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Syntactic Theory:
• Syntactic theory is about the
rules and principles that
determine: how people combine
words to make meaningful
sentences

• Sentences are not just strings of

words– in the same way that
words are not just strings of
morphemes

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Syntactic Categories :
• .

• The type of meaning it expresses

• The type of affixes it takes

• The structure in which it occurs

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Syntactic category:

• A family of expression that can substitute for one another

family of expression without loss of grammaticality is
called a syntactic category.

• A syntactic category is a type of syntactic unit that theories

of syntax assume. Word classes largely corresponding to
traditional parts of speech.

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Syntactic category:

For Example:

o This yellow cat found the puppy

o He found the puppy
o The child found the puppy.
o Your neighbor found the puppy.

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Syntactic categories:

Lexical Categories:

 Noun (N) moisture, policy

 Verb (V) melt, remain

 Adjective (A) good, intelligent

 Preposition (P) to, near
 Adverb (Adv.) slowly, now

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Syntactic categories:

Non-Lexical Categories:

 Determiner (Det.) the, this

 Degree word (Deg.) very, more

 Qualifier (Qual.) always, perhaps

 Auxiliary (Aux) will, can
 Conjunction (Con) and, or

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Sentence Structure Tree Diagram:

A structural representation of a
sentence in the form of an
inverted tree, with each node of
the tree labelled according to the
phrasal constituent it represents.

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Example

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 N

The box

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