AC ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

Asynchronous motor consists of two parts, stator and rotor. A stator is basically a three-
coil winding and three phase AC power input is given to it. The winding passes through
the slots of the stator, which are made by stacking thin highly permeable steel laminations
inside a steel or cast-iron frame. When a three-phase current is passing though these coils
it produces rotating magnetic field (RMF). This RMF causes the rotor to turn.

If we consider simple winding, you will have three coils connected 120 degrees apart.
When a three-phase current is passed though these three coils it looks like in the figure
below.
 According to the amplitude of current in respective coil, the resultant magnetic field
angle keeps changing. This change is nothing but rotation in magnetic field, intensity
remains same. This rotation speed of magnetic field is known as synchronous speed. If we
place a conductor inside this magnetic field, according to faraday’s law it produces emf in
it. So, we have current carrying conductor inside of a magnetic field, according to Lorentz
force law an electromagnetic force will be produced on the loop, making the conductor
to rotate.
Synchronous Speed Vs Rotor Speed:
If both rotor and magnetic fields rotate at the same speed, the magnetic field doesn’t cut
through the conductor. Thus, no emf in the conductor making it to slow down. When it
slows down the magnetic field will cut the loop again and picks up speed. So, the speed
of rotor is always less than the speed of RMF.
Star and Delta Connection:
When the motor starts the rotor, speed is zero and slowly increases. As the rotor picks up
speed, the emf decreases. So, we see high current being drawn at the start of the motor.
This will affect other machines. To address this issue, we use star delta connections. We
can connect the one end of each coil as like a star shape. This way, voltage across each
coil is reduced drawing less current. Once the rotor picks up speed, the emf required is
less and so we can connect them in delta shape. We can arrange a junction box and wires
drawn from there to two contactors, one for star and other for delta. Contactors are
controlled by timers.

Star Connection Delta Connection