ENVIRONMENT STUDIES

FIELD WORK REPORT ON

ACHARYA JAGEDISH CHANDRA BOSE COLLEGE

NAME OF STUDENT…….. Md Asif……………………………….

COURSE….B.COM (GENERAL)…….YEAR…….. 3rd YEAR…..
COLLEGE ROLL NO…………….673……………………………………
C.U. REGISTRATION NO….. 011-1111-0504-17…………….
C.U. ROLL NO……………………171011-22-0070……………….

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 First of all, I would like to thank our principal, Dr. Purna Chandra
Maity, for giving me the golden opportunity to pursue graduation in
his College. I would also like to thank the prestigious Calcutta
University for giving us such a Knowledge-deriving project topic.
Secondly, I am grateful to Our Environmental Studies teacher,
Prof. Pritha Adhikary, for guiding us in every possible way throughout
our project.
Last but not the least; I am blessed to have such a wonderful
family and friends who have supported me…….
This is to certify that ‘Md. Asif’ of Semester VI of
“B.COM(General) of “Acharya Jagdish Chandra Bose College” has
completed his project on Impact of Pollution on Environment under
my guidance and supervision. She has taken proper care and shown
utmost sincerity in completion of this project.
I certify that this project is upto my expectations and according
to the latest CBCS guidelines.

………………………………………… ……………………………
Prof. Pritha Adhikary Mr. P.C. Maity
(EVS Teacher) (Principal)

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 1. Introduction

2. Analysis of Study

3. Findings

4. Recommendation

5. Bibliography

Page 3 of 21
 1. INTRODUCTION

Environmental Pollution

Environmental pollution has existed for centuries but only started to

be significant following the industrial revolution in the
19th century. Pollution occurs when the natural environment cannot destroy
an element without creating harm or damage to itself. The elements involved
are not produced by nature, and the destroying process can vary from a few
days to thousands of years (that is, for instance, the case for radioactive
pollutants). In other words, pollution takes place when nature does not know
how to decompose an element that has been brought to it in an unnatural way.

Pollution must be taken seriously, as it has a negative effect on natural

elements that are an absolute need for life to exist on earth, such as water and
air. Indeed, without it, or if they were present on different quantities, animals
– including humans – and plants could not survive. We can identify several
types of pollution on Earth: air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution.

Causes of Environmental Pollution

Let us first take a look at the causes of environmental pollution:

1. Industries: Industries have been polluting our environment

especially since the beginning of the industrial revolution, as mentioned
above, notably due to the increasing use of fossil fuels. In the 19th century
and for a significant part of the 20th century, coal has been used to make
machines work faster, replacing human force. Though pollution by industries
mainly causes air pollution, soil and water contamination can also occur. This
is particularly the case for power-generating industries, such as plants

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 producing electricity (May they be a dam, a nuclear reactor or some other
type of plant).

Also, the transportation of this energy can be harmful to the

environment. We can take as an example of the transportation of petrol
through pipelines; if there is a leak in the pipeline, the soil will automatically
be polluted. At the same time, if the tanker transporting petrol from its
production plant to the place where it will be consumed leaks or sinks, the
water will get contaminated.

2. Transportation: Ever since men abandoned animal power to

travel, pollution of the environment has become higher and higher. Its levels
have only been increasing until now. Similarly to industries, pollution caused
by transport can mainly be attributed to fossil fuels. Indeed, humans went
from horse carriages to cars, trains (which, before electricity, used to be
propelled by coal), and airplanes. As traffic is increasing every day, pollution
follows that evolution.

3. Agricultural Activities: Agriculture is mainly responsible for the

contamination of water and soil. This is caused by the increased use of

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 pesticides, as well as by the intensive character of its production. Almost all
pesticides are made from chemical substances and are meant to keep diseases
and threatening animals away from the crops. However, by keeping these
forms of life away, the harm is almost always made to the surrounding
environment as well.

Furthermore, as agriculture gets more and more intensive to feed

the increasing world population, more environments and ecosystems are
destroyed to make space for the crops. Some of them, like rapeseed –used to
make oil – demand a lot of space for a relatively small output.

4. Trading Activities: Trading activities including the production

and exchange of goods and services. Concerning goods, pollution can be
caused by packaging (which often involves the use of plastic, which is made
from fossil fuels) or transport, mainly.

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 5. Residences: Finally, residential areas provide their fair share of
pollution as well. First, to be able to build homes, the natural environment
has to be destroyed in one way or another. Wildlife and plants are driven
away and replaced by human constructions. As it requires the work of
industries, construction itself is also a source of contamination of the
environment. Then, when people settle in, they will produce waste every day,
including a part that cannot be processed by the environment without harm
yet.

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 2.ANALYSIS OF STUDY

What Are the Effects of Pollution?

On human health
To put it bluntly: Water pollution kills. In fact, it caused 1.8 million deaths in
2015, according to a study published in The Lancet. Contaminated water can also
make you ill. Every year, unsafe water sickens about 1 billion people. And low-income
communities are disproportionately at risk because their homes are often closest to
the most polluting industries.
Waterborne pathogens, in the form of disease-causing bacteria and viruses
from human and animal waste, are a major cause of illness from contaminated
drinking water. Diseases spread by unsafe water include cholera, giardia, and
typhoid. Even in wealthy nations, accidental or illegal releases from sewage
treatment facilities, as well as runoff from farms and urban areas, contribute
harmful pathogens to waterways. Thousands of people across the United States are
sickened every year by Legionnaires’ disease (a severe form of pneumonia
contracted from water sources like cooling towers and piped water), with cases
cropping up from California’s Disneyland to Manhattan’s Upper East Side.

A woman using bottled water to wash her three-week-old son at their home in Flint,
Michigan Todd McInturf/The Detroit News/APMeanwhile, the plight of residents
in Flint, Michigan—where cost-cutting measures and aging water
infrastructure created the recent lead contamination crisis—offers a stark look at
how dangerous chemical and other industrial pollutants in our water can be. The
problem goes far beyond Flint and involves much more than lead, as a wide range
of chemical pollutants—from heavy metals such as arsenic and mercury to
pesticides and nitrate fertilizers—are getting into our water supplies. Once they’re
ingested, these toxins can cause a host of health issues, from cancer to hormone
disruption to altered brain function. Children and pregnant women are particularly
at risk.
Even swimming can pose a risk. Every year, 3.5 million Americans contract
health issues such as skin rashes, pinkeye, respiratory infections, and hepatitis from
sewage-laden coastal waters, according to EPA estimates.

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 On the environment
In order to thrive, healthy ecosystems rely on a complex web of animals,
plants, bacteria, and fungi—all of which interact, directly or indirectly, with each
other. Harm to any of these organisms can create a chain effect, imperiling entire
aquatic environments.When water pollution causes an algal bloom in a lake or
marine environment, the proliferation of newly introduced nutrients stimulates plant
and algae growth, which in turn reduces oxygen levels in the water. This dearth of
oxygen, known as eutrophication, suffocates plants and animals and can create
“dead zones,” where waters are essentially devoid of life. In certain cases,
these harmful algal blooms can also produce neurotoxins that affect wildlife, from
whales to sea turtles.

Chemicals and heavy metals from industrial and municipal wastewater

contaminate waterways as well. These contaminants are toxic to aquatic life—most
often reducing an organism’s life span and ability to reproduce—and make their
way up the food chain as predator eats prey. That’s how tuna and other big
fish accumulate high quantities of toxins, such as mercury.Marine ecosystems are
also threatened by marine debris, which can strangle, suffocate, and starve animals.
Much of this solid debris, such as plastic bags and soda cans, gets swept into sewers
and storm drains and eventually out to sea, turning our oceans into trash soup and
sometimes consolidating to form floating garbage patches. Discarded fishing gear
and other types of debris are responsible for harming more than 200 different
species of marine life.

Meanwhile, ocean acidification is making it tougher for shellfish and coral to

survive. Though they absorb about a quarter of the carbon pollution created each
year by burning fossil fuels, oceans are becoming more acidic. This process makes
it harder for shellfish and other species to build shells and may impact the nervous
systems of sharks, clownfish, and other marine life.
vvv

.
2.1 PRESENT CONDITION OF DHAKURIA LAKE:
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 Rabindra Sarobar (Previously Know As Dhakuria Lake) is an artificial lake
in south Kolkata in the India state of West Bengal.
The name also refers to the area surrounding the lake. It is flanked by
southern avenue to the North, Rashbehari Avenue (Russa Road) to the west,
Dhakuria to the East and the Kolkata Suburban Railway tracks to the south.
Like a majority of artificial lakes in the country. Rabindra Sarovar is
suffering environment degradation. Water pollution is on the rise, owing to
an increase in tourist flow and habitation around the lake. The Ministry of
environment and forest, Government of India, has recently included this lake
under the National Lake Conservation Plan in the hope that this will preserve
it.
This widespread problem of water pollution is jeopardizing our health.
Unsafe water kills more people each year than war and all other forms of
violence combined. Meanwhile, our drinkable water sources are finite: Less
than 1 percent of the earth’s freshwater is actually accessible to us. Without
action, the challenges will only increase by 2050, when global demand for
freshwater is expected to be one-third greater than it is now.

2.2 Survey of Literature:

Water pollution is the contmination of water bodies(e.g. lakes, rivers,
oceans, aquifers and groundwater). Water pollution occurs when pollutants
are directly or indirectly discharge into water bodies without adequate
treatment to remove harmful compounds. Water pollution affects pants and
organisms living in these bodies of water. In almost all cases the effect is
damaging not only to individual species and pollution, but also to the natural
biological communities. Water is typically referred to as polluted when it is
impaired by anthropogenic contaminants and either dose not sport a human
use, such as drinking water, or undergoes a marked shift in its ability to sport
its constituent biotic communities, such as fish. Natural phenomena such as
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 volcanoes, algae blooms, storms, and earthquakes also cause major changes
in water quality and the ecological status of water

2.3 Area Of Study

LOCATION: Dhakuria Lake, kolkata.
ORIGINAL NAME- Bompass Lake.An artificial lake that was created
in the 1920s to provied soil for filling up the low lying areas of Ballygunge
that were being made habitable by the Culcutta Improvement Trust.
Currently it is the breathing ground for South Culcutta and frequented by
morning walkers. Excellent bio-diversity with a wide rang of flora and fauna.
There are a number of rowing cluvs namely Bengal Rowing Club, lake club,
Culcutta Rowing Club and the national rowing Championshipship are held
here. It has very old swimming clubs one being Indian Life Saving Societie
(formerly Anderson Club) which holds annual Water Ballet and Youga in
Water (recently by Vasant Thakar). Its is the largest water body in the Heart
of Calcutta. The other half of the Lake holds a sports stadium too.
Water is the most important need of the life on the earth. It makes possible
the possibility of any forms of life here and their existence. It maintains the
ecological balance in the biosphere. Clean water is very necessary for
fulfilling the purpose of drinking, bathing, washing, power generation,
irrigation of crops, disposal of sewage, manufacturing processes and many
more. Increasing human population causes rapid industrialization and
unplanned urbanization which are releasing lots wastes into the small and
large water bodies which ultimately degrades the quality of water. The
mixing of such pollutants directly and continuously into the water bodies
decreases the self purifying capacity of the water by declining the ozone
(which kills harmful microorganisms) available in the water.

Contamination of water deteriorates the chemical, physical, and biological

characteristics of the water which is very harmful to the human beings,
animals and plants all over the world. Most of the important animals and
plants species have been lost because of the water contamination. It is a
global issue affecting the lives in both developed and developing countries.
Whole water is getting polluted to a great level because mining, agriculture,
fisheries, stockbreeding, various industries, urban human activities,
urbanization, increasing number of manufacturing industries, domestic
sewage, etc.

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 There are many sources of the water pollution (point source and nonpoint
or diffused source) depending on the specificity of waste materials
discharged from various sources. Point sources includes pipelines, ditches,
sewers, etc from industries, sewage treatment plants, landfills, hazardous
waste sites, leakage from oil storage tanks which discharges wastes directly
into the water bodies. Diffused sources of the water pollution are
agricultural fields, live-stock feed lots, parking lot and streets into surface
water, storm runoff from urban streets, etc which pours their discharged
pollutants over the larger areas water bodies. Non-point source pollution
contributes highly to the water pollution which is very difficult and
expensive to control.

As per my survey regarding this lake, I have taken into consideration the
views of sum local people and some local dailies. I have surveyed the lake
from East and Waste, fully a long its length looking into every nook and
corner to present this data as accurately as possible. The locals told me that
the lake is getting duty because of outsiders and tourist who throw away
plastic, cigarette stubs, plastic bottles and bags into the lake. Though it is not
allow to carry any form of plastic substance inside the lake premises, but
these rules are only for show. If does rules are not forced into action
immediately, the lake will soon perish.

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 3.FINDINGS

The Rabindra Sarovar (Dhakuria Lake) has really deteriorated badly

and is in need of dire attention of the common people and of the Government.
The water of the lake is really misfit for use due to the carelessness and
mismanagement of the people. The Government should take immediate
action along with providing funds for the betterment of the lake. I suggest the
Government and the common people to work hand in hand and stop taking
plastic bags and its byproducts and any form of foods to the lake and throw
them in the water. Dustbins should be put in each and every corner of the
lake and people should stop bathing and washing in the lake.
The largest couse of water pollution in India is sewage. Tons and tons of raw
sewage are dumpd into Indian rivers every day. The waters of India are some
of the most polluted in the world. With no regard for the danger, millions of
gallons of west of deposited into these waters. They couse health problems
for the millions of Indian that use the water for there subsistence needs. The
most holy rivers for Hindus, the Ganges, is one of the most polluted rivers in
the hole entire world.Not only sewage, but also other hurmful substances are
in Indian waterways. The ashes from public cremation are thrown into the
Ganges where they add to the extreme pollution of the river. People bathe in
the unclean water that has dead and decaying bodies and chemical waste from
careless factories. Water pollution is also caused by many more things that
result in serious problems but these are some of the worst causes. Finaly land
pollution is every where in India and has a wide variety causes. Urbanization
and deforestation remove positive thing such as forests and trees from the
environment.Non-biodegradable waste is left of the land where it says from
hundreds of years.This includes containers,bottles and cans made of
plastic,used cars and electronic goods. Agriculture waste such as pesticides
and weedicides lead to runoff that can cause soil pollution. Nuclear and toxic
waste is left by companies and causes serious land pollution that can only be
disposed of in thousand of years. Improper treatment of sewage and the
burning of solid fuels lead to more land pollution.Finally,regular garbage and
trash left behind by Indian citizes contributes to the extreme problem and
makes living conditions unbearable. Air, water and land pollution are major
problems for people in India. It is dangerous ,great in quantity, and hard to
stop. All there different types of pollution are thriving in India and all with
their own causes.

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 INFORMATION ON WATER POLLUTION
In India, the biggest cause of water pollution is urbanization taking place at
a fast and unbridled pace. In the past decade, the rate of urbanization has
grown so intensely that it has left an indelible impression on water resources
of the country. As a result, it has given rise to environmental issues on a long-
term basis. These include the lack of water supply, water pollution and
problems with regard to its storage.

n fact, the disposal and treatment of polluted water is a huge issue

today. There are many cities and towns near the rivers, which are facing these
issues. In these areas, disposal of sewage water is a big problem. The water
of rivers, ponds, canals, wells and lakes is used for domestic as well as
industrial purpose. In most cases there is very little treatment of water and
this way it contaminates 80 percent of fresh water flowing on the surface of
the land. This polluted water passing through the surface poisons the
groundwater. As per an estimate, 16, 662 million litres of contaminated water
is produced daily in towns with a population of one million in India.

The major causes of rising levels of water pollution in India are as follows:

1. Industrial waste and its inadequate disposal.

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 2. Improper methods of cultivation (including use of chemical fertilisers
pesticides) in agriculture.
3. Decline in the water quality of rivers flowing through the plains.
4. Social and religious rituals, such as floating dead bodies in the water,
bathing, littering.
5. The oil spills from ships.
6. Acid rain.
7. Global warming.
8. Eutrophication (the depletion of oxygen in a water body, which kills
aquatic animals).
9. Inadequate sewage water treatment.
4.RECOMMENDATIONS

The Government of India, the state Government and the local municipal
corporation (Kolkata Municipal Corporation) must take the following
measure to project the lake and its environment qualities.
The lake restoration plans have to be undertaken to resolve the water quality
of the lake as well as in its beautification. Restoration of the lake could help
in the rejuvenation of its ecosystem.
Special purpose vehicles (SPV’s) for the conservation of the lake has to be
set up to education and remedies of the common people about the condition
and remedies of the water of the lake. This will lead to better management
and availability of the lake water.
While water pollution solution may seem like too little, too late when viewed
in the light of major oil spills and floating plastic bag islands they are
necessary to prevent these problems from growing worse. Simply slowing
down the rate of pollution can give the environment and scientists time to
find long-term solution to the very real problems of water pollution. If you
do your part to prevent pollution in your area, then you’ll be helping to
protect aquatic life.

From last several decades we humans have been degrading our mother earth
& its resources on the name of development of technology. On the name of
increasing our standards of living unknowingly we are on the way of
hampering it further. Today we’ve come so far that it is no more a question
of better living but it is just about living now.

Nature has an amazing quality of reviving itself against changes made in

itself by natural and manmade factors, but there it has a saturation level too

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 and maybe we have already crossed that. We have degraded it beyond repair.
We have accounted to enough deforestation to imbalance the required ratio
of carbon dioxide; we have impregnated the water resources with hazardous
wastes enough that it cannot purify it further on its own. Soil has been
degraded until the level it loses its cultivability. Problems are beyond the
count and a perfect solution yet to be found.

We have gone too far and it is already too late. If we don’t start working now,
we won’t have tomorrow to repent. It is no more a matter of protecting
environment, but it’s about protecting us from getting into danger any further.
It is the time to make amends with the nature so that it can grant us few more
centuries of human existence in our home, Earth.

Good Environment is a pre-requisite for the survival of life on Earth. There

are visible signs that it is getting degraded. Still, there are no visible changes
in our lifestyles to stop the condition getting worse then what it is now.
Things that are doing harm to the environment such as working in industries
or factories, commuting via fuel-driven vehicles, using air conditioners, etc
have become an essential part of our lives. The amount of energy that we are
using is essential and there is no other alternative to it. Mentioned below is a
reality check of how we are being the major contributors in environmental
degradation despite being fully aware about the importance of protecting the
environment
Increased population leads to increased waste to make the supplies reach the
required rate. This wastes level leads to air and water pollution. The condition
of pollution is so bad that to date, 2.4 billion people do not have access to
clean, drinkable water. Humanity is constantly polluting the irreplaceable
resources like air, water and soil, which takes millions of years to replenish.
Not only air, water and soil pollution, humanity is also responsible for noise,
radiation and light pollution
The major cause for this is the increased level of CO2, and that is because of
the increased rate of burning of fossil fuels. Current measurements of
CO2levels have exceeded above 400 ppm breaking every record dating back
400,000 years. And this has lead to increase in earth’s temperature, which
leads to melting of glaciers and increase in ocean level to rise
Environment is the surrounding in which the living creatures live and
interact. Everything that is needed by an organism to survive is provided by
the environment. It includes physical, chemical and natural forces, which are
required for the survival of the living beings. Environment has been serving
mankind since the beginning of the time, and continues to do so. But since
the last few decades, nature is suffering at the hands of mankind, and payback
for this has already begun. Recent researches have proved that if this

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 imbalance caused is not made right the reckoning will come. This doom can
only be avoided with staunch and effective measures taken for its revival as
soon as possible.

Our entire human existence is dependent on the nature itself. We depend on

the nature for a tiny pin to the most complex man made constructions.
Environment has come to our aid in every way possible. Ayurveda, a practice
of medicine since ancient India which is completely dependent on natural
herbs, is facing crises due to depletion of various species of plants. Species
of various animals and plants have become extinct or on the verge of
extinction due to unnecessary interruption in the ecosystem by the humans.

Ozone layer which prevents ultraviolet rays from sun to enter our atmosphere
is getting depleted due to the increase in harmful gases causing pollution in
the environment. Because of the increasing demands of the increasing human
population, the pollution is increasing. Man started polluting the environment
since the first fire was produced. From then to now, man has been polluting
the environment in the name of development. Due to cumulative effect of
ozone depletion and greenhouse effect the temperature on earth is rising
continuously resulting in global warming.

As a result of which glaciers at the poles are melting and contributing to rise
in the sea level, many major cities inhabited by humans are predicted to
submerge in water in next few decades. Post effects of this environmental
degradation are beyond our imagination, need of the hour is to preserve our
environment in the best way possible, not only because it is our moral duty
to do that, but because it’s our only to way to survive from the harm.

Due to exponential growth of population along with industrialization, the

quality of environment is degrading. There is a crucial need for conservation
and preservation of the environment.

Environment Protection Act, 1986

Environmental Protection Act is an act passed by the Parliament of India in
1986 in an attempt to protect and conserve the environment. This was enacted

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 by the government after the Bhopal Gas Tragedy. It was a gas leak incident
in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, in December 1984. It was considered as the
world’s worst industrial disaster as the official immediate death toll was
2,259 and over 500,000 people were exposed to Methyl Isocyanate (MIC)
gas. The purpose of establishing this act was to make people implement the
decisions of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment. It
was for the protection and improvement of the environment and the
prevention of environmental hazards.

The level of fresh drinking water is becoming less day by day on the earth.
There is a limited availability of drinking water on the earth however that too
is getting polluted because of human activities. It is tough to estimate the
possibility of life on the earth in the absence of fresh drinking water. Water
pollution is the mixing of foreign substances by means of organic, inorganic,
biological and radiological in the water degrading the quality and usefulness
of water.

Hazardous pollutants may contain various types of impurities including

harmful chemicals, dissolved gases, suspended matters, dissolved minerals,
and even microbes. All the contaminants reduce the level of dissolved
oxygen in the water and affecting the lives of animals and human beings to a
great extent. Dissolved oxygen is the oxygen present in water required by the
aquatic system to continue the lives of plants and animals. However
biochemical oxygen is the demanded oxygen by the aerobic micro-organisms
to oxidize organic matters of wastes.

Water pollution is caused by two means, one is natural water pollution (due
to the leaching of rocks, decay of organic matters, decay of dead matters,
silting, soil erosion, etc) and another one is man-made water pollution (due
to the deforestation, set up of industries near large water bodies, high level
emission of industrial wastes, domestic sewage, synthetic chemicals, radio-
active wastes, fertilizers, insecticides, pesticides etc).

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 Water is the most important need of the life on the earth. It makes possible
the possibility of any forms of life here and their existence. It maintains the
ecological balance in the biosphere. Clean water is very necessary for
fulfilling the purpose of drinking, bathing, washing, power generation,
irrigation of crops, disposal of sewage, manufacturing processes and many
more. Increasing human population causes rapid industrialization and
unplanned urbanization which are releasing lots wastes into the small and
large water bodies which ultimately degrades the quality of water. The
mixing of such pollutants directly and continuously into the water bodies
decreases the self purifying capacity of the water by declining the ozone
(which kills harmful microorganisms) available in the water.

Contamination of water deteriorates the chemical, physical, and biological

characteristics of the water which is very harmful to the human beings,
animals and plants all over the world. Most of the important animals and
plants species have been lost because of the water contamination. It is a
global issue affecting the lives in both developed and developing countries.
Whole water is getting polluted to a great level because mining, agriculture,
fisheries, stockbreeding, various industries, urban human activities,
urbanization, increasing number of manufacturing industries, domestic
sewage, etc.There are many sources of the water pollution (point source and
nonpoint or diffused source) depending on the specificity of waste materials
discharged from various sources. Point sources includes pipelines, ditches,
sewers, etc from industries, sewage treatment plants, landfills, hazardous
waste sites, leakage from oil storage tanks which discharges wastes directly
into the water bodies. Diffused sources of the water pollution are agricultural
fields, live-stock feed lots, parking lot and streets into surface water, storm
runoff from urban streets, etc which pours their discharged pollutants over
the larger areas water bodies. Non-point source pollution contributes highly
to the water pollution which is very difficult and expensive to control.

Page 19 of 21
 CONCLUSION
Environmental Issues Environmental issues are indeed everyone’s concern. There
have been a lot of efforts being put by the parties who are interested and concerned to
limit the damage done to the environment around the world as well as to raise public
awareness around the world. There are three major factors which contribute to the
pollution in my city. These factors include the industrialization which is currently taking
place, the development of the new townships in and around the city as well...
Environmental issues are harmful effects of human activitity on the biophysical
environment. Environmentalism, a socialand environmental movement that started in
the 1960s, addresses environmental issues through advocacy, education and activism.
The carbon dioxide equivalent of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere has
already exceeded 400 parts per million (NOAA) (with total "long-term" GHG exceeding
455 parts per million). (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report) This level
is considered.

scasff kaEnvironmental issues are harmful aspects of human activity on the

biophysical environment. Environmentalism, a social and environmental movement
that started in the 1960s, addresses environmental issues through advocacy, education
and activism. The carbon dioxide equivalent of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the
atmosphere has already exceeded 400 parts per million (NOAA) (with total "long-term"
GHG exceeding 455 parts per million). (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Report) This level... These activities require us to use clean water. But with dirt of
drains, plastic, rotten material, disinfectants finding their way into the rivers, water
quality has declined to a great extent. Dirty-water contains harmful bacteria that cause
damage to our health. Therefore, we should pay full attention to the cleanliness of rivers.
There is also a need for social awareness campaign against water pollution. Water has
been called the elixir of life. It is our duty to maintain its cleanliness. If we want that our
citizens continue to get safe drinking water and water sources remain safe for a long
duration, we will have to take steps for it from today itself. The delay can prove to be
fatal in this case.The man, flora and fauna cannot survive in the absence of water. We
use water for drinking, bathing, irrigation and sanitation.

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 5. BIBLIOGRAPHY

I have collected information for my project from the following books :

 Environmental Studies by Chakraborty Jana Das

 Total guide for Environmental Studies by B.B. Kundu

I have also derived information from the following sites:

 En.wikipedia.org
 People.ucsc.edu
 www.jstor.org
 www.sciencedirect.com
 www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov
 envs.au.dk

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