 and the total leukocyte and neutrophil
counts may be depressed.
By 16 weeks, this transfer begins to increase
rapidly, and by 26 weeks, fetal concentrations
are equivalent to those of the mother.
After birth, breast feeding is protective against
some infections, although this protection begins
to decline at 2 months of age.
Current World Health Organization (2013)
recommendations are to exclusively breast feed
for the first 6 months of life with partial breast
feeding until 2 years of age.
Vertical transmission refers to passage from the
mother to her fetus of an infectious agent
through the placenta, during labor or delivery,
or by breast feeding.
Preterm rupture of membranes, prolonged
labor, and obstetrical manipulations may
increase the risk of neonatal infection.
Those occurring less than 72 hours after
delivery are usually caused by bacteria acquired
in utero or during
delivery, whereas infections after that time
most likely were acquired afterward.
VIRAL INFECTIONS
-Varicella-Zoster Virus
-Influenza
-Mumps
-Rubeola (Measles)
-Rubella—German Measles
-Respiratory Viruses
Vulvar Abscess
Listeriosis
Salmonellosis
Shigellosis
Hansen Disease
Lyme Disease
Tuberculosis
PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS
PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS
Toxoplasmosis
Malaria
Amebiasis
MYCOTIC INFECTIONS
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
I. Group A Streptococcus
-It is the most frequent bacterial cause of acute
pharyngitis and is associated with several
systemic and cutaneous infections.
-S pyogenes produces numerous toxins and
enzymes responsible for the local and systemic
toxicity associated with this organism.
>streptococcal pharyngitis
>scarlet fever
>erysipelas
In the United States, Streptococcus pyogenes
infrequently causes puerperal infection.
-most common cause of severe maternal
postpartum infection and death worldwide
-The early 1990s saw the rise of streptococcal
toxic shock syndrome, manifested by
hypotension, fever, and evidence of multiorgan
failure with associated bacteremia.
Treatment;
1. clindamycin or penicillin therapy
2. surgical debridement
II. Group B Streptococcus
-Streptococcus agalactiae is a group B organism
that can be found to colonize the
gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract in 20 to
30 percent of pregnant women.