PHYSICS EXPERIMENT REPORT (I)

Basic Physics

“Oscillation Mathematics”

Arranged by:

Name : Irwandi Waitina

NIM : 19101101019

Department : Chemistry

Group : I (One)

Tesalonika Karepouwan
(17101101018)

PHYSICS LABORATORY
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE
SAM RATULANGI UNIVERSITY
MANADO
2019
A. Aim
a. To find the gravitation acceleration at sam ratulangi university
b. To find the relation between harmonic vibration and gravitation acceleration
c. To find the maksimum velocity of oscillation
d. Students can apply and interpret to the graphic
B. Equipment Required
- Ruller
- Rope
- Pendulum
- Stative
- Digital Counter or Stopwatch
C. Introduction

The oscillation motion that we often encounter is swing. This oscillation motion takes
place under the influence of the earth's gravitational force. If the swing deviation is not too large,
the oscillation is a simple harmonic motion. This simple harmonic motion occurs because there is
a force (gravity) that occurs in objects whose direction is always directed towards the center of the
equilibrium point.

Gravity is a force of attraction that occurs between all particles that have mass in the
universe. Modern physics describes gravity using Einstein's Theory of General Relativity, but
Newton's simpler universal law of gravity is a pretty accurate approximation in most cases. For
example, the earth which has a very large mass produces a very large gravitational force to attract
objects around it, including living things, and objects that exist on earth. This gravitational force
also attracts objects in outer space, such as the moon, meteors, and other celestial bodies,
including man-made satellites.

The magnitude of the inverting force is expressed in Hooke's Law as F = - kx where k is

the constant.

If a point with mass m is hung (by a massless rope) at point O, and mass m is deviated so
that it forms an angle  to the vertical axis at that point O. After releasing m, it will move towards
its equilibrium point by the back force F which is a component of the gravity on m. If the length of
the rope is l, and the acceleration due to gravity of the earth g then F can be written as:

 
F = - mg sin θ (1.1)

s
If the path is small so that the arc of the ball (S) is also small, then sin θ ≅ θ = and the
l
turning force can be written as :
 −mg
F= S (1.2)
l

For the swing to be a simple harmonized vibration, there is no (if any can be ignored) air
friction or twisting force on the rope so that the resultant force equation is:

d2 F g
= S (1.3)
dt2 l

Equation (6.3) is a simple harmonized vibration equation and S is a periodic function with
a period T that satisfies the equation::

l
T =2 π
√ g
(1.4)

4 π 2l
g= (1.5)
T2

Figure 6.1. Force diagram in a mathematical pendulum experiment

To determine the linear velocity of the swing, it can be derived from the Law of
Conservation of Energy as follows:

Mechanical energy at point O = Mechanical energy at point 1

 1 1
m h0 +¿ m v 02=mg h1 +¿ m v 12 (1.6)
2 2

1 1
m h0−¿ mg h1 ¿ m v 12 −¿ m v 02 (1.7)
2 2

1
g ∆ h= v 12 (1.8)
2

v1 =¿ √ 2 g ∆ h (1.9)

with, v1 = linear velocity at point 1 (highest)

        h = difference in height of points O and 1
D. Procedure

1
0 mg sin mg cos

mg

1. Arrange the experiment tool as shown (6.1).

2. Set the length of the rope to the base of the ball is 120 cm, 110 cm, 100 cm, ... .., or
according to the instructions of the lecturer / assistant.
3. Round the swing so that it forms an angle of approximately 5° to 10°, then release.
4. Measure the time for 15 swings for each length of rope.
5. Do 3 repetitions for each length of the rope
E. Result
(Dilampirkan)
 F. Analysis

Suatu metode pengukuran yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui gravitasi yang terjadi di tempat kita
berada dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan bandul yang biasa kita kenal dalam pembelajaran fisika
adalah bandul matematis. Dari percobaan yang kami lakukan dilaboratorium Fisika Dasar Universitas
Sam Ratulangi Manado dapat kita ketahui besar gravitasi di tempat tersebut yaitu dengan menggunakan
metode regresi. Dari hasil percobaan didapatkan suatu nilai gravitasi yang berbeda-beda yang disebabkan
oleh metode pengambilan data yang dilakukan dengan mengganti panjang tali dan tampa mengganti
panjang tali tersebut. Selisih nilai gravitasi tidak jauh berbeda sehingga grafik yang diperoleh memiliki
nilai korelasi yang sangat bagus sehingga didapatkan percobaan bandul matematis yang kita lakukan
sudah cukup baik untuk membuktikan nilai gravitasi di laboratorium. Karena ralat yang diproleh dapat
dikatakan cukup baik karena nilai ralat yang diproleh tidak terlalu besar.

Penentuan gravitasi melalui pengamatan yang dilakukan pada bandul matematis sangat
berpengaruh terhadap ketelitian pengamat sehingga nilai ralatnya tidak terlalu jauh menyimpang dengan
teori yang selama ini kita kenal.Sudutsimpangan sangat berpengaruh terhadap ayunan yang kita lakukan
sebab jika sudut simpangannya besar maka jumlah waktu ayunan yang diperoleh kecil sehingga gravitasi
lebih kecil.
C. Conclusion
 Gerak hermonik sederhana yaitu gerak bolak balik benda melalui suatu titik keseimbangan
tertentu ini berhubungan dengan gerak hermonik pada bandul dapat dijdikan acuan untuk
mengukur besarnya gravitasi
 Kecepatan maksimum ayunan dapat diperoleh dari pengamatan yaitu semakin pendek tali
digunakan semakin cepat ayunan yang terjadi , begitu pula sebaliknya
 Dari hasil pengamatan yang diperoleh percepatan 9 m/¿s ¿ sampai 10 m/¿s ¿ sebagai
besarnya gravitasi di Unsrat
 DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Ayunan Sederhana .Jakarta:Depdiknas
Anonim.2007. Ensiklopedia Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (Fisika). Semarang:Aneka Ilmu.