Flow Measurement by Orifice meter and by Ventury meter

Flow measurement by orificemeter and

venturimeter
 AIM

         1. To find the coefficient of discharge for venturi meter.

         2. To find the coefficient of discharge for orifice meter.

 PRE-TEST
1) Transducer is a device  
that converts one
form of energy into
another form
    has mostly eletrical
output
with both the above
properties

2) Temperature is measure of degree of -------- of a substance.  

Hotness
    Coldness
Hotness or Coldness

THEORY

Flow measurement is the quantification of bulk fluid movement. It is

important to know the amount of material entering and exiting the
process to control various industrial processes. Different types of meters
are used for flow measurement and it is selected based on the
applicability of the instrument on a specific problem, installed cost and
costs of operation, the range of flow rates, and its accuracy.

 
In the following sections we will be discussing about the venturimeter and
orifice meter, vastly used in the industries for flow measurement of liquids
and gases.

Venturimeter

Venturimeter works on the principle of head flowmeter. Venturi tube

gradually reduces the flow area, thus creating differential pressure across
it. Any changes in fluid flow rate through venture are measured in terms
of diffenential pressure across it.

It consists of convergent inlet cone (having included angle between, 19

degree to 23 degree), a uniform diameter throat (having length equal to
its diameter) and a divergent outlet cone (having included angle between
5 degree to 15 degree).

The high pressure tap located on the convergent section while low
pressure tap is located at the middle of the throat. The manometer is
connected between these taps.

SIMULATOR

Flow Measurement by
Venturimeter and Orificemeter
The dimensions for the flow meters are given as follows. Note these
values for future reference.

For Venturimeter

 Cross sectional area at throat of Venturimeter S 2 = 1.76 * 10-4 m2

 The ratio of the diameter of throat to that of diameter of pipe β is 0.4848
For Orificemeter

 Cross sectional area to orifice meter S2 = 1.54 * 10-4 m2

 The ratio of the diameter of orifice to that of diameter of pipe β is 0.4904

                      

Virtual labs IIT Bombay

Flow Measurement by
Venturimeter and Orificemeter
Venturimeter

In order to start the flow of water in pipe, move the slider of the valve

Move the slider for % of valve opened

Submit

Virtual labs IIT Bomba

PROCEDURE
Flow measurement by orificemeter and
venturimeter
 

Click on simulator tab and log in for working with

simulator. The procedure for using simulator is as
follows:
 

 Expt. 1: Static Characteristics of RTD

Aim: Study the change in resistance of RTD probe depending on the process temperature.

Step by step Procedure:

1. Select the material of RTD you want to use.  Temperature coefficient (α) for the
same will be displayed on the screen. Note this value.

2. Click on ' R0' to get the value of R0 for selected RTD. Note the same.

3. Click on 'Get Temp'. The temperature for which Rt is to be found will be displayed.

4. Using  formula calculate the value of Rt and enter the answer in the box provided
(upto 2 decimals with rounding off). Submit the answer using submit button.
 

5. If your calculation is correct, go to step 3. Repeat the procedure min 3 times.

6. If your calculation is wrong, you will be asked to repeat the same. Please refer to
GET FORMULA tab and verify your calculations.

7. After finishing minimum 3 set of correct readings, you can see the graph by clicking
on 'Plot'.

8. When the graph is displayed click Next tab to repeat the procedure with different
reference resistance(R0) value and with  different materials.

9. Minimum 3 calculations are necessary to plot the graph.

10. Study the graphs for RTD performance  with different reference resistance values and
different materials

 
 

Post Test

1) RTD is very popular for temperature measurement because of  

Cost

    Self heating

Linearity
 2) In the Pt100, the suffix 100 refers to  

Resistance at Room Temperature

    100% pure platinum

Resistance at 0 degree C

POST-TEST

  

) RTD is very popular for temperature measurement because of  

Cost
   Self heating
Linearity

2) In the Pt100, the suffix 100 refers to  

Resistance at Room Temperature
    100% pure platinum
Resistance at 0 degree C

REVIEW QUESTIONS

Review Questions

1.    What are different sources of errors in RTD measurement?

2.    What is lead wire compensation?

 

Books:

[1] D. Patranabis, “Sensors and Transducers”

[2] A. K. Shawney, “A course in Mechanical Measurements and Instrumentation”

[3] Bela G. Liptak, “Instrument Engineers' Handbook: Process Measurement and

Analysis”

[4] Doeblin, “Measurement Systems Applications and Design”