1.

Normal words: during, according to …, to bring, to spring … , building, offspring …

2. Adjectives: interesting, boring, living, ...
3. Continuous tenses: I am learning English. ...
4. Gerunds:
5. Reduction of clauses:
6. , V+ing :

· Through the ages, drugs have been enormously beneficial in relieving suffering and in
preventing and treating diseases.
· Much of the immune system’s machinery is geared towards killing or eliminating invading
-ING microbes once they have been recognized.
· Earth’s crust is composed of seven large plates, plus a few smaller ones, that float on the mantle
which is the solid layer of earth lying beneath the crust and above the core.
· The romans built strong defenses on the hills surrounding Rome.
· … what should people living in coastal areas do?
· … Archimedes dashed out naked into the street crying “Eureka!”.
· The structures around the eye protect it while allowing it to move freely in all directions.
· Additionally, agricultural productivity increased, making it possible for Europe to feed a population
that had now reached unprecedented levels.
· Leaving the town and driving down the road, we come to a swift water area with huge rocks and
boulders.
· Reading is good for the soul.
· Swimming is my favorite sport.
· She loves talking .
· He likes jogging .
1 Gerunds
· My favorite hobby is painting .
· He enjoys not working .
· He enjoys not having to work for money.

· To know you is to love you. (B.B.King)

· I want to learn English well.
· The most important thing is to study regularly.
· I decided not to go with them.
2 Infinitives
· The most important thing is not to give up .
· The most important thing is not to win, but to take part . (Piere de
Coubertin)
GERUND
· He admit ted stealing the money.
+ 3 verb + gerund · We don’t allow smoking here.
· This room needs cleaning .
INFINITIVE
· He is thinking about studying abroad.
· She is scared of flying .
· His interest in becoming an astronaut dates to his
4 preposition + gerund childhood.
· She left the meeting without sharing her story about seeing
the man earlier.

GERUND/ · She could not understand his saying no to the offer.

INFINITIVE 5 gerunds with possessive · Everyone objected to my wedding her.

· They finally agreed to help us. · I like dancing .

6 verb + infinitive · We decided to move to USA. · I like to dance in the moonlight.
· We plan to go to Italy this summer.

· The police ordered the man to stop.

7 noun + infinitive · She asked us to leave the room.

· The young woman stood there for a brief moment thinking about her future.
8 · The old man laid in bed looking at the ceiling.

· (In order) To maintain the leather’s quality and finish, we recommend

9 (in order) to using natural wax.

· This box is too heavy to carry .

· This television is too expensive to buy .
10 too / enough · We arrived too late to see the beginning of the movie.
· They didn't have enough time to finish the test.
· He has enough money to buy a Ferrari.
· I want to be loved by you. (M.Monroe)
· Many women prefer to be treated by female medical staff.
11 Gerund / Infinitive · The dog enjoyed being petted .
· Can I prevent my computer from being hacked?
Passive · Prince William and Kate Middleton managed to sneak into the
hospital without being seen by the paparazzi.