A Detailed Project on Planning and Design of a Village Road 2019-20

CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
Roads are the integral part of the transport system. Road development projects are
meant for achieving multi-objectives while meeting the basic needs of road user. This
particular project deals with analysis of road way geometrics, developmental aspects,
safety & road furniture requirements, towards providing pleasant & aesthetic road for
road users. This project also discusses about pavements, design of bridges & cross
drainage structure.
 The proposed road is located in CHITRADURGA District. The road starts
from HOSAMALIGE and ends at HALE DYAMAVNHALLI.
 The latitude and the longitude of the starting point are 14 0 15’49.83”and
760 27’20.27”respectively.
 The latitude and the longitude of the ending point are14 0 16’7.98”and 760
29’24.12” respectively.
This project consists of detailed planning and design of low volume
road as per IRC specification, which includes

 Review of the existing study reports, standards and

specifications.

 Detailed engineering survey of alignment.

 Preparation of working drawings.

 Design of pavement & cross drainage works.

 Preparation of quantity & cost estimation.

 Preparation of survey & design report.

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A Detailed Project on Planning and Design of a Village Road 2019-20

CHAPTER-2
OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE
2.1 Objectives
 Use of total station and related software’s (Auto Plotter/Road Estimator).
 To acquire knowledge on geometric design and pavement design of road.
 To learn design of cross drainage works.

2.2 Scope
 Review the existing study reports, standards & specifications.
 Detailed engineering survey of alignment.
 Preparation of topographical map.
 Study for cross drainage works & propose suitable drainage structure.
 Preparation of working drawings.
 Preparation of quantity & cost estimate.
 Preparation of survey & design report.

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A Detailed Project on Planning and Design of a Village Road 2019-20

CHAPTER-3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Survey
A. Map Study
In Map study, we are done with a topographic survey. The purpose of a
topographic survey is to collect survey data about the natural and manmade features of
the land, as well as it’s elevations like temples, ponds, permanentstructures, etc.….

Toposheet No 57 B/7
Fig 3.1: Location Of Road Fig 3.2: Topography of Road Location

B. Detailed survey
The purpose of detailed survey is to fix the center line of the selected alignment in
the field and to collect additional data for the preparation of the drawings.

The centerline starts at station 0+00. The surveyor numbers the station
consecutively and sets them at the full 100 feet or 30-meter stations. The surveyor also
sets stakes at important points along the centerline these may be culvert location, road
intersection, beginning and end of curve and readings are taken laterally along centerline

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A Detailed Project on Planning and Design of a Village Road 2019-20

to get cross sectional details. In this phase detailed layout of the selected route if finalized
which includes horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, positions of structures and
drainage channels. The final location survey for road is complete when we get all
necessary information like

Fig 3.3: Total Station.

1. Alignment.
2. Topography.
3. Benchmark levels.
4. Cross section.
5. Drainage and Utilities.

C. Soil Survey
A soil survey consists of gathering soil sample for examining, testing and identify
type of soil.in this survey we will collect a soil sample at an interval of every 500m and
bringing them to laboratory to examining the soil by some tests like CBR, SBC,
compaction tests etc.…

D. Traffic Volume Survey

To decide the numbers of lanes and roadway width, pavement design, economic
analysis traffic surveys are conducted. The main focus of traffic survey is to determine
vehicle composition in traffic stream which helps to design geometric features of the
road.

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A Detailed Project on Planning and Design of a Village Road 2019-20

Design traffic depends upon the rate of growth of traffic, the design period,
importance of road in the system, nature of roadside development, etc. Under mixed
traffic conditions, the different types of vehicles need to be converted to a common unit
known as “passenger car unit” (PCU) by multiplying their number with relevant
equivalency factors. Tentative values of equivalency factors are given below for rural
road.

3.2 Geometric Design

A. Cross Sectional Considerations
These are the features of the cross-section of the pavement that effects the life of
the pavement, riding comfort & safety. Following are the cross-section elements of the
pavement:
1. Right of way.
2. Width of formation.
3. Road Margins.
4. Medians.
5. Kerbs.
6. Width of pavement or carriageway.
7. Camber or cross-slope.
8. Pavement characteristics.

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A Detailed Project on Planning and Design of a Village Road 2019-20

B. Horizontal alignment
The operational characteristic of a roadway are directly affected by the horizontal
alignment. The designer must consider the roads terrain, traffic volume, expected capacity
& load on surface together with other safety factors in order to properly anticipate the
posted speed. Highways will be designed according to their anticipated posted speed as
opposed an arbitrary design speed.

Horizontal Alignment Includes

 Design speed.
 Design of super elevation.
 Design of horizontal curves.
 Extra widening of road

C. Vertical alignment
Roadway vertical alignment is controlled by design speed, topography, traffic
volumes & composition, highway functional classification, sight distance, typical
sections, horizontal alignment, climate, vertical clearance, drainage, economics &
aesthetics. When a road is located where environmental resources exist the vertical
alignment should be designed to minimize impacts. Vertical alignment should be properly
co-ordinated with the natural topography, available right of way, utilities, roadside
development & natural & man-made drainage patterns.

D. Sight Distance
The actual distance along the road surface, which a driver from a specified height
above the carriageway has visibility of stationary or moving objects, is known as sight
distance.

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A Detailed Project on Planning and Design of a Village Road 2019-20

Types of sight distance

1) Stopping sight distance.
2) Overtaking sight distance.
3) Sight distance at intersection.

3.3 Pavement Design

A pavement layer material is considered more effective or superior, if it is able to
distribute the wheel load stress through a large area per unit thickness of the layer.

Fig 3.5: Components of Pavement.

A) Requirements of pavements
1. Functional Requirements
a. Should be firm and non-yielding under the wheel load.
b. Should have good raiding quality.
c. Should be less slippery.
2. Structural Requirements
a. should withstand the traffic.
b. based on soil type, soil subgrade must be given.
c. based on climate and environmental factors, drainage are designed.
B) Components of flexible pavement

a. Prepared soil subgrade.

b. Granular sub-base coarse.
c. Granular base course.
d. Surface or bituminous binder
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A Detailed Project on Planning and Design of a Village Road 2019-20

3.4 CROSS DRAINAGE

The construction of drainage facilities is an important part of any project. The
surveyor must anticipate drainage problems and gather enough field data to indicate the
best design and location for needed drainage structures. Proper drainage is an essential
part of road construction. Poor drainage results in mud, washouts, and heaves, all of
which are expensive in terms of delays and repairs to both roads and vehicles.

3.5 Brief Cost Estimation

 Brief cost estimation consists of

1. Quantity Estimate.

2. Rate Analysis

 Quantity Estimate consists of Earthwork Calculations, Side drain calculation.

 Rate Analysis consists of the quantity of the materials, required labor force and
plants, machinery, tools and equipments.

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REFERENCES
1. Khanna S.K & Justo C.E.G. “Highway Engineering”. New Chand & Bros., Roorkee,
U.K India.

2. S. K Duggal, “Surveying” Tata MeGraw Hill Education Pvt.Ltd, 3rd Edition:2009

3. Yoder & Witezak, “Pavement Design”.

4. Mannering & Kilareski, “Traffic Engineering & Pavement Design”

5. B.C. Punmia “Surveying” VOL.1& 2.

6. IRC SP 013:” Design of small culverts and small bridges”.

7. IRC : 37-2001 “Design of flexible pavement”.

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