Discussion

Dengue fever is the most important arboviral infection of humans and has become a
major global public health problem. Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) needs serious
attention because it is still a health problem in Indonesia and in recent area DHF caused
outbreak. Dengue infection is transmitted by female mosquitoes mainly of the species Aedes
aegypti and, to a lesser extent, Aedes albopictus infected with virus. These mosquitoes will
bite in the early morning or evening times but the infection will spread at any time of day.
Mosquitoes will take blood from a person who is infected with dengue fever, from 2-10 days
after the bite the mosquito will infect with the virus and the virus will spread to all tissues of
the mosquito including its salivary glands (the studies by Gomber et al and Narayanan et al
have documented the same opinion).

Dengue is endemic in urban populations in tropical countries. Large epidemics of

dengue have occurred less frequently in subtropical regions, and rarely in cities in temperate
regions. Although the exact boundaries of current and historical transmission are impossible
to establish with certainty, we conclude that despite increases in the geographic distribution
of dengue in recent decades the current distribution of the disease is less extensive than its
historical limits. This geographic contraction has occurred at the same time as increases in
incidence in many countries.

One hundred and one articles met the eligibility criteria for the first review; there were
some contradictions and ambiguities in the data. Current global distribution of dengue is
generally less extensive than historical limits of dengue-like illness. In recent years, several
countries have reported local transmission of dengue for the first time, but it is unclear
whether this represents true geographic spread, rather than increased awareness and
reporting. Areas of geographic contraction of dengue include the southern states of North
America, much of Australia, parts of southern Europe, Japan, China and South Africa. Piped
water supplies, removal of water storage tanks, changes in housing conditions and vector
control measures have plausibly contributed to this contraction.

In Indonesia, the number of dengue fever cases tends to increase from year to year.
The number of dengue fever in various cities in Indonesia is caused by the difficulty of
controlling the disease transmitted by AedesAegypti. Indonesia is one of the dengue fever
endemic countries which annually always outbreaks in various cities and every 5 years there
is a large outbreak. (Nainggolan, 2007 );Depkes, 2007).
 In this research, researchers are interested in the events and circumstances of people
and decide to find out what causes dengue fever and how the treatment and prevention of
dengue fever in children on sumbersari street source of this research is considered important.
The table result of questionnaire show that dengue fever infecting children age 1-5 years old.
The causes of their disease from mosquito bite, because the environment at Sumbersari has
lots of puddles and dirty. The data show that there are same years when the children get the
illness. It cause that dengue fever disease spread to them. When day 1-3 the symptoms is
fever which up and down. On day 4 it will appear the red spots at the hand of patient. Mostly
of them unconcious when they get illness of dengue fever. So they brought the patient
(children) to the hospital on day-4. There is a cronis symptoms, that is gag and bleeding. So it
will place in ICU.They rest in the hospital about 4-7 days.

Narayanan M, Arvind MA, Thilothammal N, Prema R, Sargunam Rex CS et al.

Dengue Fever Epidemic in Chennai – A Study of Clinical Profile and Outcome. Indian
Pediatr 2006; 39: 1027-1033.

Gomber S, Ramachandran VG, Kumar S, Agarwal, Gupta P, Gupta P et al.

Hematological observations as diagnostic markers in dengue haemorrhagic fever – a
reappraisal. Indian Pediatr. 2006; 38: 477-481.