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Adverbials are typically divided into four classes:

Adverbial complements (i.e. obligatory adverbial) are adverbials that render a sentence
ungrammatical and meaningless if removed.
John put the flowers in the water.
Adjuncts: These are part of the core meaning of the sentence, but if omitted still leave a
meaningful sentence.
John and Sophia helped me with my homework.
Conjuncts: These link two sentences together.
John helped; therefore, I was able to do my homework.
Disjuncts: These make comments on the meaning of the rest of the sentence.
Surprisingly, he passed all of his exams.

Kinds of Phrases
There are two kinds of prepositional phrases: adjective phrases and adverb phrases.
An adjective phrase modifies a noun or pronoun. It always comes immediately after the
noun or pronoun it modifies:
 Joe is the student with the highest grade. ("with the highest grade" modifies
"student.")
An adverb phrase modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb. It is used to tell when, where, how,
or to what extent about the word it modifies:
 Megan put her bird in its cage. ("in its cage" modifies the verb "put.")

Prepositional phrases are also used to modify nouns, verbs, and adjectives.

 Mozda kad je prepositional phrase koja modificira verb ona se ponasa kao adverb tu
pisemo na ispitu advP, a kad je prepositional phrase koja modificira noun onda pisemo
PP na ispitu. (PRVA VJEZBA PRVI HANDOUT) :
NPR. DURING THE AFTERNOON the toddler naps. –ovo je PP acting as Adverb (sa
neta sa slike)

Some teachers said that Adverb can modify noun?

Gerunds, also called verbal nouns, can be modified by adverbs, like this,

Eating quickly will give you indigestion.

Sad na netu pise da adverbs mogu modify nouns pa me to zbuni

When you want to add information about how, when, where, or to what

extent something has happened, you can use an adverbial. Many adverbials are
members of the group of words called adverbs, but adverbials are not necessarily
just single words. They can also be word groups, prepositional phrases, or even
clauses. They are sometimes called adjuncts.Adverbials generally modify the
meaning of a verb,
 I greatly admire your courage.
 They changed hurriedly into their pyjamas.
 Monica hummed softly as she washed the car.
 The firework exploded with a loud bang.
 He ran across the lawn towards the house.
an adjective,
 Harry is absolutely terrified of flying.
 You must admit that he can be rather boring.
 That is quite silly.
 Fears like that are very real to the sufferer.
another adverb,
 I thought about it quite seriously.
 The children are behaving remarkably well.
 Ali objected very strongly to the plan.
a whole sentence,
 Frankly, I think he is lying.
 Nevertheless, we must give him a chance.
 Honestly, I didn’t mean to be rude to you.
or a prepositional phrase.
 We are really in a no-win situation.

https://pediaa.com/difference-between-adverb-and-adverbial/- ovdje je objasnjena difference

adverbials function as adverbs- pa zasto onda mi pisemo AdvP... ZBUNJENA SAM.-MSM DA JE OVO
GRESKA..

Looking at things broadly, adverbs are a word class (or a part of speech). That means
they're members of a prominent tribe, similar to nouns, verbs, and adjectives. They're the top
tier. Meanwhile, adverbials are merely a grammatical label.- NE KONTAM STA JE
GRAMMATICAL LABEL
Parts of speech are labels for categories in which we usually place words.