Gauss’s Law

Lecture - 1

Mahendra Singh 8+ years Teaching experience

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Electric Flux

Uniform EF

θ
θ
Electric Flux

Area Vector
θ
Electric Field

S.I Unit : V-m or N-m2C-1 (gauss)

Scalar Quantity: Positive , Negative and Zero.

ϕ > 0 for 0° ≤ θ < 90°

ϕ < 0 for 90° < θ ≤ 180°
Area vector

Area Vector for a surface is

A is surface area

Is unit vector perpendicular to surface

Electric flux
Flux depends on:

|E| A ፀ

Electric Flux is a measure of the number

of electric field lines crossing a given
area.
Variation of Electric Flux with Angle
Electric flux

Surface integral of electric field over a surface.

Types
For a closed body outward flux is taken to be positive, while inward flux is to be
negative
Electric flux
Surface integral for a closed surface

Closed Surfaces
Open Surfaces
Example Find flux of following Electric field E 0 ĵ through the area shown:

A. B. C. D. Zero
y

a
x
Example Find flux of following Electric field E0 Î through the area shown:

A. B. C. D. Zero
y

a
x
Example A cylinder of radius r and length 1 is placed in an uniform
electric field in such a way that the axis of the cylinder is
parallel to the field. The flux of the field through the cylindrical
surface is

A. B. C. D. Zero
Example Find the flux of E through the cube of side ‘a’
A. B. C. D. None

E = E0x î

a a
Example A square of side ‘a’ is lying in xy plane such that two of its side are
lying on the axis. If an electric field Is applied on square.
The flux passing the square is:
A. B. C. D.
Electric flux through Hemispherical surface

= constant

Hemispherical Surface
Example Determine the flux ϕ of a uniform field E0 through the
Hemispherical surface shown:

A. B. C. D.

Hemisphere (R)

E
0
Example A cone lies in a uniform electric field E as shown in figure.
The electric flux entering the cone is

A. EπR2 B. ERh C. D. Eh2

R
Electric flux through Half Cylindrical surface

a
b
Gauss’s Law
 Gauss’s Law

Total flux emerging out from a closed surface is equal to times

the total charge enclosed by the surface.
 Gauss’s Law

The surface integral of the Electric Field due to all the charges
(both inside & outside the surface) over any closed Gaussian
surface is times the net charge enclosed by the surface.

q2
-q4

q1

-q5
q3

q7

-q
Example An electric dipole is placed at the centre of a sphere. Find the
electric flux passing through the sphere.
A. B. C. D. zero

-q +q

- +
Example Determine the flux ϕ through the Hemispherical surface of a
point charge ‘q’ kept at its centre.

A. B. C. D.

Φ=?

Hemisphere (R)

q
Example A point charge +Q is positioned at the centre of the base of
a square pyramid as shown. The flux through one of the
four identical upper faces of the pyramid is

A. B.

C. D. None of these +Q
 A charge q is enclosed by an imaginary Gaussian surface
Example
If radius of surface is increasing at a rate = K, then

A. flux linked with surface is increasing at a rate =K

B. flux linked with surface is decreasing at a rate =K

C. flux linked with surface is decreasing at a rate

D. flux linked with surface is

Example What is the electric flux linked with closed surface?

A. 1011 N - m2/C
1.25C 7C
B. 1012 N - m2/C 7C 6C
1C -0.4C
C. 1010 N - m2/C

D. 8.86 x 1013 N - m2/C

Example q1, q2, q3 and q4 are point charges located at points as shown in the figure
and s is a spherical Gaussian surface of radius R. Which of the following is
true according to the Gauss's law
S

A.
q1 R

B. q4
q2 q3

C.

D. None of the above

Example An infinite, uniformly charged sheet with surface charge density σ cuts
through a spherical Gaussian surface of radius R at a distance x from is
centre, as shown The electric flux Φ through the Gaussian surface is

A. σ

B.
R

C. x

D.
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