Complex Numbers 83

15. (a) Let A be the vertex with affix z1 . There are 18. (a) BD  2AC  2DM  2(2AM )
two possibilities of z2, i.e., z2 can be or DM  2AM or DM 2  4AM 2
2
obtained by rotating z1 through either or 5  4[(x  2)2  (y  1)2 ] .....(i)
n
in clockwise or in anticlockwise direction. Again slope of DM  2 and slope of AM
B(Z2 O y1
) 2 is
2
x 2
n
n AM is perpendicular to DM

A(Z1) B(Z2) (1,1)D C

i 2
z2 z 

i 2
  2 e n
 z2  z1e n , (2,–1)
z1 z1 M
(| z2 | | z1 |)
(x,y) B
 2 2 
 z2  z1 cos  i sin  A
 n n 
 y1
16. (b) We have   2   1  x  2  2(y  1) ..
| BD|| (4  2i)  (1  2i)| 9  16  5  x  2
...(ii)
Let the affix of A be z  x  iy Hence from (i) and (ii), we get
5  1 3
The affix of the mid point of BD is  ,0 . Since  y  , and x  3,1
2  2 2
the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each 19. (d) Let A, B, C be the points represented by the
other, therefore, the affix of the point of
numbers z1, z2, z3 and P be the point
5 
intersection of the diagonals is  ,0 . represented by z
2 
C(z3)
P(z) P(z)
D(4+2i) C

E(5/2+0i) A(z1) B(z2)

A(x+iy) B(1–2i)
P(z)
 1  Now the four points A, B, C, P form a
We have | AE | 5  BD  AC  AE 
 2  parallelogram in the following three orders.
(i) A, B, P , C (ii) B, C, P , A and (iii)
Which is satisfied by option (b).
C, A, P , B
17. (a) We have
In case (i), the condition for A, B, P , C to
| z  z1 | | z  z2 | | z  z3 | | z  z4 | form a parallelogram is i.e.,
AB  CP
Therefore the point having affix z is z2  z1  z  z3
equidistant from the four points having affixes or z  z2  z3  z1
z1, z2, z3, z4 . Thus z is the affix of either Similarly in case (ii) and (iii), the required
the centre of a circle or the point of points BC  AP or z3  z2  z  z1 i.e.,
intersection of diagonals of a square or z  z3  z1  z2
rectangle. Therefore z1, z2, z3 , z4 are either z1  z3  z  z2 i.e.,
and CA  BP or
concyclic or vertices of a square. Hence z  z1  z2  z3
z1, z2, z3, z4 are concyclic.
 84 Complex Numbers
20. (b) Let z  x  iy , therefore given equation 24. (d) BC  AC and C   / 2
becomes By rotation about C in anti clockwise sense
A(z1)
CB  CA ei /2
(x  iy)(x  iy)  (2  3i)(x  iy)  (2  3i)(x  iy)  4  0
 x2  y2  2x  3y  3ix  2iy  2x
– 2iy  3ix  3y  4  0
2 2
 x  y  4x  6y  4  0 90°
Therefore given equation represents a circle C(z3)
B(z2)
with radius
Radius  22  32  4  4  9  4  9  3 .  (z2  z3 )  (z1  z3 )ei / 2  i (z1  z3 )
2 2
21. (d) Area of required rectangle = 4×area of  (z2  z3 )  (z1  z3 )
OABC
 z22  z32  2z2z3   z12  z32  2z1z3
Y

C B(a,b 3) z12  z22  2z1z2  2z1z3  2z2 z3  2z32  2z1z2
2 2
O
X  (z1  z2 )  2[(z1z3  z3 )  (z1z2  z2z3 )]
A
 (z1  z2 )2  2(z1  z3 )(z3  z2 ) .

25. (d) Let the vertices be z0 , z1,.....,z5 w.r.t

 4  a  b 3  4ab 3 .
centre O at originY and | z0 |  5.
22. (a) This is a parallelogram OP1P2 P3 . Then the (1+2i
A4
mid point of P1P2 and OP3 are the same. ) A3

 x1  x2 y1  y2  X
But midpoint of P1P2 is  ,  A5 O (0,0 A2
 2 2  )
A0 A1
So that the coordinates of P3 are
 A0 A1 = | z1  z0 | | z0ei  zo |
 x1  x2,y1  y2 
= | z0 || cos  i sin  1|
Thus the point P3 corresponds to sum of the
= 5 (cos  1)2  sin2 
complex number z1 and z2 .
= 5 2(1  cos ) =
OP 3  OP 1  P1P3  OP 1  OP 2  z1  z2
 / 2)
5 2 sin(
| z  2|
23. (d) Given, 2  
| z  3|  A0 A1 = 5 . 2 sin  = 5
 6
 (x  2)2  y2  2 (x  3)2  y2  2 
    ....(i)
2 2
 (x  2)  y  4[(x  3)  y ] 2 2
 6 3
 x2  y2  4  4x  4x2  4y2  36  24x Similarly,
A1A2  A2 A3  A3 A4  A4 A5  A5 A0  5.
 3x2  3y2  20x  32  0
Hence the perimeter of, regular polygon is
20 32
or x2  y2  x 0 .....(i)
3 3  Ao A1  A1 A2  A2 A3  A3 A4  A4 A5  A5 A0
We know that, standard equation of circle,  6 5 .
x2  y2  2gx  2fy  c  0 .....(ii) 26. (c) It is a fundamental concept.
Comparison of (i) from(ii) 27. (a) Equation of circle | z  z0 | 2  r 2
20 10 32
 2g    g  , f  0, c   (z  z0 )(z  z0 )  r 2
3 3 3
 (z  z0 )(z  z0 )  r 2
Hence, Radius = g2  f 2  c

100 32 4 2 zz  zz0  zz0  z0 z0  r 2 .

   
9 3 9 3
 Complex Numbers 85

28. (d) z2  z1e2i / 3 x y 1

1 1 1
A 0 0  1  (x2  y2 )  | z| 2
1 3   2 2  2 2 2
  i   cos  i sin  y x 0
2 2   3 3 
 
36. (a) Given that points are A(3  4i), B(5  2i)
1 3   1 3  3 1
  i   i     1 . and C(1  16i)
2 2   2 2  4 4
    Area of triangle
29. (b) The two circles are C1 (0, 0),r1  12 , x1 y1 1 3 4 1
1 1
C2(3, 4), r2  5 and it passes through  x2 y2 1 5 2 10
B 2 2
origin, the centre of C1 . A x3 y3 1  1 16 1
5
C1C 2  5  r1  r2  7 5 C Hence points are collinear.
2
(3,4) 37. (d) It is a fundamental concept.
C
Hence circle C 2 1
z1  z2  z3
(0, 0) 38. (d) The affix of G is . Since z  0 is
lies inside circle C1 . 3
Therefore minimum the mid point of AG . Therefore affix of the
distance between them is mid-point of AG is 0.
AB  C1 B  C1 A  r1  2r2  12 10  2. z1  z2  z3
 z1
30. (b) | PQ | | QR | | RS | | SP | and  3  0  4z1  z2  z3  0
 PQR  90o . 1 1
31. (a) It is a fundamental concept. z1 z2
32. (b) | z  2|  | z  2|  8 39. (c) We have   1  z12  z22  z1z2
z2 z1
 (x  2)2  y2  (x  2)2  y2  8
 z12  z22  z32  z1z2  z1z3  z2z3 , where
2 2 2 2
 x  y  4  4x  64  x  y  4  4x
z3  0
 16 (x  2)2  y 2
 z1, z2 and the origin ( z3  0) form an
  8x  64  16 (x  2)2  y 2 equilateral triangle.
 (x  8)  2 (x  2)2  y2 1
40. (a) Area of the triangle| z| 2  18 | z|  6 .
2 2 2 2
 x  64  16x  4[x  y  4  4x] 41. (d) z1  1  i  z1  (1,1)
x 2 y2 z2  2  3i  z2  (2, 3)
 3x 2  4y2  48  0    1,
16 12
ai
which is an ellipse. z3   z3  (0, a / 3)
33. (b) Let z1  1  3i, z2  5  i and z3  3  2i
3
Then area of triangle
 z1, z2 and z3 are collinear
x1 y1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1
1 1 2 3 1 0 
A x2 y2 1 5 1 10
2 2 0 a/ 3 1
x3 y3 1 3 2 1
a
Hence z1, z2 and z3 are collinear.
 (1  2)  1(3  2)  0
3
34. (a) | z1  z2 | | z1 |  | z2 |  a  5  0  a  5 .
35. (b) Let z  x  iy ; z  iz  (x  y)  i(x  y) and 42. (c) It is based on the properties of moduli.
iz   y  ix 43. (b) Vertices are 0  0  i0, z  x  iy
If A denotes the area of the triangle formed by and zei  (x  iy) (cos  i sin )
z, z  iz and iz , then  (x cos  y sin )  i(y cos  x sin )
1
x y 1  Area
A xy x y 1 0 0 1
2
y x 1 1
 x y 1
2
Applying transformation R2  R2  R1  R3 , (x cos  y sin ) (y cos  x sin ) 1
we get
 86 Complex Numbers
z a
48. (b) We have 1
1 z a
 [xycos  x 2 sin  xycos  y2 sin ]
2
 | z  a| | z  a|  | z  a| 2 | z  a| 2
1 1
 sin (x 2  y2 )  | z| 2 sin  (z  a)(z  a)  (z  a)(z  a)
2 2
 (z  a)(z  a)  (z  a)(z  a)
[| z| x 2  y2 ] .
 zz  za  az  aa  zz  za az  aa
44. (d) z1  1  2i, z2  2  3i, z3  3  4i  za  za  az  az  0  (a  a)(z  z)  0
| z1  z2 |  | 1  i |  2  z  z  0 (a  a  2Re(a)  0)
and | z2  z3 |   1  i  2.  2 Re(z)  0  2x  0  x  0
Which is the equation of y-axis.
and | z1  z3 |  | 2  2i |  2 2 .
49. (c) We have | z  1|  | z  1| 4
Hence vertices are collinear.
 | z  1| 2  | z  1| 2 2| z  1|| z  1|  16
z  5i x  i(y  5)
45. (a)  1 1 
z  5i x  i(y  5)
(z  1)(z  1)  (z  1)(z  1)  2| (z  1)(z  1)| 16
 | x  i(y  5)| | x  i(y  5)| ,
 2| z| 2 2  2| z2  1| 16 
 z1 | z1 |  2 2
| z|  | z  1| 7
  
 z | z2 | 
 2 x 2 y2
 | x  iy| 2  | (x  iy)2  1|  7   1
2 2
 x  25  10y  y  y  x  25  10y 2 2
4 3
(ellipse)
 20y  0  y  0.
Therefore the points z are on the boundary
 z i  or in the interior of the ellipse.
46. (a) Given that Im  
 z  2 50. (b) Wehave
x  iy  i x  i (y  1) z  1 x  iy  1 (x2  y2  1)  2iy
Let z  x  iy  =  
x  iy  2 (x  2)  iy z  1 x  iy  1 (x  1)2  y2
[x  i(y  1)][(x  2)  iy] z1 2y
 Therefore arg  tan1 2
[(x  2)  iy][(x  2)  iy] z1 x  y2  1
 x 2  2x  y2  y   (y  1)(x  2)  xy 1 2y 
 Hence tan 
2 2   i 2 2  2 2
x  y 1 3
 (x  2)  y   (x  2)  y 
If it is purely imaginary then real part must be 2y 
 2 2
 tan  3
equal to zero. x  y 1 3
x2  y2  2x  y 2
  0  x2  y2  2x  y  0  x2  y2  1  y
(x  2)2  y2 3
Which is a circle and its radius is given by 2
x2  y2  y1 0
2 2 1 5 3
g  f  c  1  0 
4 2 Which is obviously a circle.
Therefore Argand diagram is circle of radius 51. (b) We have
2z  1 2(x  iy)  1 (2x  1)  2iy
5
.  
2 iz  1 i(x  iy)  1 (1  y)  ix
47. (b) | z  1| 2 | z  1|
[(2x  1)(1  y)  2xy]  i[2y(1  y)  x(2x  1)]
Putting z  x  iy  
| x  iy  1| 2 | x  iy  1|
(1  y)2  x 2

 | (x  1)  iy| 2 | (x  1)  iy| (2z  1)

But it is given that imaginary part of
(iz  1)
 (x  1)2  y2  2[(x  1)2  y2]
is – 2
 x 2  y2  6x  1  0 .  x  2y  2  0 . Which is a straight line.
Which is the equation of a circle.
 Complex Numbers 87
52. (a) Let z  x  iy .Then x    3 and  (x  2)2  (y  1)2 =
y 5  2
(x  3)2  (y  1)2
2 2
 (x  3)   ......(i) 
2 2
and y  5   ......(ii) x  4  4x  y2  1  2y  x2  9  6x  y2  1  2y
2

From (i) and (ii), (x  3)2  5  y2   2x  4y  5  0 .

2
(x  3)  y  5 . 2 61. (a) | iz  1|  | z  i |  2
Obviously it is a circle.  | i(x  iy)  1|  | x  iy  i|  2
53. (c) | z  3i | 2, let z  x  iy   | (y  1)  ix|  | x  i(y  1)| 2
| x  i(y  3)| 2  ((y  1))2  x 2  x 2  (y  1)2  2
Squaring both sides, we get
 (y  1)2  x 2  2  x 2  (y  1)2
[x2  (y  3)2 ]  4

 x2  y2  6y  5  0
y2  1  2y  x2  4  x2  y2  1  2y  4 x2  (y  1)2
54. (c) Here | z  zi| 1 | x  iy  i(x  iy)| 1
 4y  4  4 x 2  (y  1)2 
 | (x  y)  i(y  x)| 1 
(x  y)2  (y  x)2  1
y  1 x2  (y  1)2

 2(x2  y2)  1 . Hence z lies on a circle.  x 2  (y  1)2  (1  y)2

z1
 x 2  y2  1  2y  1  y2  2y 
55. (c)  1  | z  1| | z  i | 2
zi x  0 x  0
i.e. equation of straight line.
| (x  1)  iy| | x  i(y  1)|
2 2
i i
 (x  1)2  y2  x 2  (y  1)2 62. (d) z  z 
2 2
 2x  2y or x  y  0 2 2
i i
Which is the equation of a straight line. x  iy   x  iy 
2 2
56. (b) z  (x  iy)  z2  x2  y2  2ixy 2 2
 1  1
 Re(z )  1  2 2
x  y  1,2
which is a  x  i y    x  i y  
 2  2
hyperbola.
2 2
57. (c) | z  1| | z  i |   1  1
 x 2   y    x 2   y    2y  0 i.e.
| x  1  iy| 2 | x  i(y  1)| 2  2   2
x-axis.
 (x  1)2  y2  x2  (y  1)2
 z  1  (x  1)  iy 
 x  y  0 i.e., a straight line through the 63. (a) arg   k  arg   k
 z  1   (x  1)  iy 
origin.
 | z | 2  | z | 1   arg(x  1)  iy  arg(x  1)  iy  k
58. (b) We have log 3  2

2  | z |  y  1  y 
   tan1    tan  k
 x  1  x  1
| z | 2  | z | 1
  ( 3)2  | z| 2 4| z| 5  0
2 | z|  y y 
  
 1 | z| 5  | z| 5 as | z| 0 (x  1) (x  1) 
 tan1  k
 Locus of z is |z|<5  y2 
 1 2 
 1 y    x 1 
59. 
(d) arg(x  a)  iy    tan  
4  x  a 4 y(x  1)  y(x  1) 2y
 tank  2 2
 2
y  x  y 1 x  y2  1
  tan  1  x  a  y
xa 4 2y
  x 2  y2  1 
60. (a) | z  2  i | | z  3  i | tank
 | (x  2)  i(y  1)| 2y
x 2  y2  1 0
| (x  3) i (y  1)| tank
 88 Complex Numbers
It is an equation of circle whose centre is  x2  y2  4 3y  4  0
( g,  f)  (0, cotk) on y-axis.
Which is equation of a circle.
64. (d) z  2  3i  x  iy  2  3i  (x  2)  i(y  3)
z i
 y 3  y 3  69. (a)  1 | z | z 
tan1     tan  1 z
i 3
 x  2 4 x 2 4 3
 x  y  1  0. Clearly locus of z is perpendicular bisector of
65. (b) We have | z 2  1|  | z | 2 1 line joining points having complex number
 | (x  iy)2  1|  | x  iy| 2 1 i
0  i0 and 0  . Hence z lies on a straight
3
2
 | (x 2  y 2  1)  2xyi|  
 x 2  y2 
 1
 
line.
 (x 2  y 2  1)2  (2xy)2  x 2  y 2  1
70. (b) Given | 8  z |  | z  8| 16 .
 x4  y4  1  2x2y2  2y2  2x2  4x2y2
Clearly locus of z is an ellipse.

 x 4  y4  1  2x 2 y2  2y2  2x 2

71. (c) Equation of ray PQ arg(z  1) 
4
 2x2y2  2x2y2  4x2  x0
then, z  x  iy  0  iy  iy 
Equation of ray PR arg(z  1)  
Hence z lies on imaginary axis. 4
1  iz  
66. (b) w  , then | w|  1 Shaded region is  arg(z  1) 
zi 4 4
1  iz 
 1  | 1  iz|  | z  i | | arg(z  1)| ;
zi
4
 | 1  i(x  iy)|  | x  iy  i |
| PQ | ( 2)2  ( 2)2  2
 | (1  y)  ix|  | x  i(y  1)|
|PA| =2 ; |PR| = 2
 x 2  1  y2  2y  x 2  y2  1  2y 
y 0 so, arc QAR is of a circle of radius 2 unit with

Hence z  x  iy  x . So z lies on real axis. centre at P (1,0) . All the points in the
shaded region are exterior to this circle
| z  5i | x 2  (y  5)2
67. (a)  12   12 | z  1| 2 .
| z  5i | x 2  (y  5)2
 x 2  y2  25  10y 72. (b) | z  1|| z  2|| z  i |

 12[x 2  y2  25  10y] (i) | z  1|| z  i |

represents a straight line through origin i.e.,
 11x 2  11y2  130y  275  0.
y x
Which represents the equation of a circle.
 z  2  3
68. (b) Put z  x  iy in arg   (ii) | z  1|| z  2| x 
 z  2 6 2
 (x  2)  iy   which is a straight line
arg  
(iii) | z  2|| z  i | 4x  2y  3
 (x  2)  iy  6
 which is a straight line
arg((x  2)  iy)  arg((x  2)  iy) 
6 | z  1|| z  2|| z  i | can represent a
y y  triangle.
tan1  tan1  .
x 2 x 2 6 73. (a) From | z  1|| z  2|
 y y   | x  iy  1|| x  iy  2|
 

tan1 x  2 x2  2    (x  1)2  y2  (x  2)2  y2  x 
3
y 6 2
 1 2 
 x 4  Similarly from | z  1|| z  i | ; xy
xy 2y  xy 2y  1 3 3
 2 2
 tan  Hence, x  ,y 
x y 4 6 3 2 2
 Complex Numbers 89
Therefore only one solution for the equation. Trick : Check by squaring the options, here (c)
is the square root of i because on squaring
74. (b) | z  z1 |  | z  z2 | 2a
 1 i 
when | z1  z2 | 2a , then it is an ellipse   ,we get i .
 2 

z1  2  3i and z2  2  6i
2. (c) x1, x2, x3..... upto  
z1  z2  (2  3i)  (2  6i)  4  3i      
 cos  i sin   cos 2  i sin 2 
| z1  z2 || 4  3i |  2 2  2 2 
upto ..... 
= 4 2  (3)2  5
     
But 5  4 is false, because in any triangle  cos  2  .....  i sin  2  .....
2 2  2 2 
sum of two sides is not smaller than third side.
 P (z) is not represent locus of any point.      
   
75. (d) z  2i 2  cos 2   i sin 2 
 1  1
 2
  tan1   tan1 (1)
 1   1 
Here,
 2 
= =  2  2

 cos  i sin  1 .
135o (cos  i sin )4 (cos i sin )4
Now, rotate z in opposite direction with 45° 
3. (d) (sin  i cos )5 1 
5
angle i5  sin  cos 
   180 i 
(cos  i sin )4 (cos  i sin )4
0  1   
 1
  tan (0)  tan  

i (cos  i sin )5 i (cos  i sin ) 5
 2
(By property)
 Hence x  2 and y  0 .
1
 (cos  i sin )9  sin9  i cos9 .
i
De Moivre's theorem and Roots of unity 5 5
 3 1  3 1
4. (b) Given that z   i   i 
1/ 2  2 2   2 2 
     
1. (c) i  (i)1 / 2  cos  i sin 
 2 2
1/ 2 5 5
                 
 cos 2n    i sin 2n    (where  cos   i sin   cos   i sin 
2 2    6 6
   6
   6 
  
n I ) 5 5 5 5
 cos  i sin  cos  i sin .
 1  1   6 6 6 6
 cos  2n    i sin  2n  
2 2 2 2  Hence Im (z) = 0.

(Using De Moivre's theorem) 5. (a) Using De Moivre's theorem
4n   4n   (cos  i sin )n  (cosn  i sinn ) and
= [cos  i sin ]
4 4 putting n  0 , 1, 2 then we get required
Putting n  0 , 1 roots.
  1 1 1 i 4(cos75o  i sin75o )
we get cos  i sin  i  6. (d)
4 4 2 2 2 0.4(cos30o  i sin30o )
and
 1 i   10(cos75o  i sin75o )(cos30o  i sin30o )
5 5 1 1
cos  i sin  i   

4 4 2 2 10
 2  10(cos45o  i sin45o )  (1  i)
1 i 2
Therefore i   7. (c)
2
sin  i cos  i 2 sin  i cos  i(cos  i sin )
Given expression is
 90 Complex Numbers

10  18  3 )  i sin(25 )]

(i)3[cos(  1 1   1 1 
 cos  1   2  .....  i sin  1   2  .....
= i (cos25  i sin25 ] . 2 2 2  2 2 2 
8. (a) We have
  
1/ 2    
a 2i  2 i1 / 2  2 cos  i sin    
 1   1 
 2 2  cos  i sin  cos i sin  1
2  1 1  2  1 1 
   
    1 1   2  2
 2 cos  i sin   2  i  1  i
2 
4
 4 4  2  cos  i sin  (cos  i sin )4
13. (d)    4
Trick : Check with options.  sin  i cos  i (cos  i sin )4
 
9. (c) We have (cos  i sin )(cos2  i sin2 ) cos 4  i sin 4

...... cos 4  i sin 4
(cosn  i sinn )  1 (cos4  i sin4 )(cos4  i sin4 )
 
(cos4  i sin4 )(cos4  i sin4 )
  2  3  ...  n )  i sin(  2  .  n )  1
cos(
(cos4  i sin4 )2
 n(n  1)   n(n  1)   cos8  i sin8
 cos    i sin  1 cos2 4  sin2 4
 2   2 
14. (b) cos  cos  cos  0 ……(i)
sin  sin  sin  0 …....(ii)
 n(n  1)   n(n  1) 
cos    1 andsin   0 Let a  cos  i sin , b  cos  i sin
 2   2  c  cos  i sin
n(n  1) 4m  a b c  0 [by (i) and (ii)] .....(iii)
   2m    , where
2 n(n  1) 1 1 1
m I .  
a b c
10. (b) L.H.S. =
n
 2 cos2( / 2)  2i sin( / 2)cos(
 / 2)  [cos  i sin ]1  [cos  i sin ]1  [cos  i sin ]
 
2  cos  i sin  cos  i sin
 2cos ( / 2)  2i sin( / 2)cos(
 / 2)
 cos  i sin
n
 cos( / 2)  i sin( / 2)   ab  bc  ca  0 ....(iv)
[by (i) and (ii)]
 
 cos( / 2)  i sin( / 2)  Squaring both sides of equation (iii),
n we get a2  b2  c2  2ab 2bc  2ca  0
 ei( / 2) 
   i( / 2)   (ei )n or a2  b2  c2  0 [by (iv)]
 e 
 cosn  i sinn . [cos  i sin ]2  [cos  i sin ]2  [cos  i sin ]2 
11. (d)
 (cos2  cos2  cos2 )
r  2 
D  i(1  cos )  sin  2i cos  2 sin cos i (sin2  sin2  sin2 )  0
2 2 2
separation of real and imaginary part ,
4
 cos( / 2)  i sin( / 2)  cos2  cos2  cos2  0 .....(v)
 L.H.S  
 i  / 2)  sin( / 2)
cos( and sin 2  sin2   sin2  0 .....(vi)
=  1  2 sin2   1  2 sin2   1  2 sin2   0
1 [by eq. (v)]
4
(cos  i sin )4  cos4  i sin4 .
i 3
 sin2   sin2   sin2   .
     2

12. (a)  cos  i sin   cos   i sin 2 ..... to 15. (c) See solution of above question.
 2 2  2 2  53
 i 
 16. (c) ( 3  i)53  253 

3

 2 2 
     
 cos  2  .....  i sin  2  .... = 253(cos150o  i sin150o )53
2 2  2 2 
 Complex Numbers 91
8 8
 253[cos(
150o  53)  i sin(
150o  53)]        
 cos  i sin  cos  i sin 
 253[cos(
22  30o )  i sin(22  30o )]  16 16  16 16

53
 3 1  / 16)  i sin( / 16)]16
 [cos(
 253[cos30o  i sin30o ]  2  i .
 2 2     
 cos16   i sin16  = cos  1 .
   16   16 
17. (b) Let cos  i sin  z and
10 10 22. (a) x1. x2 . x3 ......
  1      
cos  i sin   cos   i sin 
10 10 z
10
  4  4 
 

1  z
             
Therefore, 
 1

cos 2   i sin 2  cos 3   i sin 3  .....
 1   4   4    4   4 
 z
10
  (z  1)z 
   ( z)10        
 (z  1)   cos  2  3  ....   i sin  2  3  ..... 
4 4 4  4 4 4 
10
      /4    /4 
 z10   cos  i sin  = cos   i sin 
 10 10
 1  1/ 4   1  1/ 4 
 cos  i sin  1 .
1 3i
(cos2  i sin2 )4 (cos4  i sin4 )5 = cos  / 3  i sin( / 3)  .
18. (a) 2
(cos3  i sin3 ) 2 (cos3  i sin3 )9
(cos  i sin )4 cos4  i sin4
2 4 4 5 23. (c) 
[(cos  i sin ) ] [(cos  i sin ) ] (sin  i cos ) 5 i 5 (cos  i sin )5

[(cos  i sin )3 ] 2 [(cos  i sin ) 3 ]9 =  i (cos4  i sin4 )(cos  i sin )5
8 20
(cos  i sin ) (cos  i sin ) = i [cos4  i sin4 ] [cos5  i sin5 ]

(cos  i sin ) 6 (cos  i sin )27 4  5 )  i sin(4  5 )]
= i [cos(
= sin(4  5 )  i cos(
4  5 ) .
8 20 6 27 49
 (cos  i sin )  (cos  i sin ) 1/ 3
    
 cos49  i sin49 . 24. (a) i1 / 3   cos  i sin   cos  i sin
 2 2 6 6
19. (c) (sin  i cos )n
3 i
n   .
     2 2
 cos     i sin   
 2  2  25. (c) Let z  (1  i 3)

    r 3  1  2 and r cos  1, r sin  3

= cosn     i sinn    .
2  2   
tan  3  tan    .
(cos  i sin ) (cos  i sin ) 3 3
20. (b)  
(cos  i sin ) (cos  i sin ) 
z  2  cos  i sin 
       )  i sin(       )
 cos(  3 3
100
[By de-movire's theorem].     
100
8  z   2  cos  i sin 
 / 8)  i sin( / 8)
 1  cos(   3 3 
21. (a)  
 1  cos( / 8)  i sin( / 8)   100 100 
8
 2100 cos  i sin 
 2cos  / 16  2i sin  / 16 cos / 16 
2  3 3 
 
 2cos   / 16  2i sin / 16 cos  / 16    
2
 2100  cos  i sin 
 3 3
[cos / 16  i sin  / 16]8
  1 i 3
[cos / 16  i sin  / 16]8  2100 
 2
 
 2 
 92 Complex Numbers
Re(z) 1 / 2 1 z  (0  i)1 / 4
 
Im(z)  3 / 2
 .
3   
1/ 4

n n z   cos  i sin 
 1  sin  i cos   1  cos  i sin   2 2
26. (a)    
 1  sin  i cos   1  cos  i sin   
z  cos  i sin (using De Moivre’s
 8 8
( where   )
2 theorem)
n 30. (d) Since ( )2   2 and ( 2)2   4   3  
   
 2 cos2  2i sin cos  31. (d) If  is a complex cube root of unity then
 2 2 2
3
 2     1 and 1    2  0 , therefore
 2 cos  2i sin cos 
 2 2 2 (1     2 )(1     2 )

 
n  (2 2 )(2 )  4

 cos  i sin  32. (c) Let x  271 / 3  x3  27  0
 2 2
    (x  3)(x 2  3x  9)  0
 cos  i sin 
 2 2   1 i 3 
x  3, x  3 . Hence, roots are
n  2 
     
 cis   n
3, 3 ,3 .
2
  2    cis      cis(n )
   
 
 cis      2 2  Trick : As we know (27)1 / 3 must have 3
  roots, so (a) option cannot be the best. Here
  2  (c) satisfies.
   n  33. (c) Let n  3k  1
= cisn      cis  n 
 2   2   n   2n   3k  1   2(3k 1)   3k   6k 2
 n   n   ( 3 )k .  ( 3 )2k .
 cos  n   i sin  n  .
 2   2   2     2  1
n n
27. (c) (1  i)  (1  i) Hence 1   n   2n  1  1  0
34. (b) Since imaginary cube root of unity are square
 n n n n  of each other.
 (2)n / 2 cos  i sin  cos  i sin 
 4 4 4 4  35. (a) (1   )3  (1   2)3  ( 2)3  ( )3

n n   6   3   3 3   3  1  1  0
n 1 n n .
 2 2 . 2 cos  22 cos  ( 2)n 2 cos 36. (b) Complex cube root of unity are 1,  , 2
4 4 4
Let    ,    2 ; Then  4   4   1 1
1
28. (a) x   2 cos   4  ( 2)4  ( 1) ( 2)1     2  1  0
x
.
 x2  2x cos  1  0  x  cos  i sin
37. (d) (1   )(1   2 )(1   4 )(1   8 )
1 1
 xn  cosn  i sinn  
x cos  i sin
 (1   )(1   2)(1   )(1   2)  (1   )2(1   2)2
1
  cos i sin  = (3 )(3 2)  9 3  9 .
x
1 38. (b) (1     2 )5  (1     2 )5
 cosn i sinn
xn
 (2 )5  (2 2)5  32 3 2  32( 3 )3
n 1
Thus, x   2 cosn .  32( 2   )  32(1)  32
xn
29. (b) iz4  1 39. (c) Given that x  a, y  b , z  c 2

1
z4   z 4  i  z  (i)1 / 4
i
 Complex Numbers 93
Then Trick : Putting x  0, we get
x y z a b c 2 1   2
      1    2  0
a b c a b c  2 1 0
40. (c) (x  y)(x  y)(x 2
 y) 2 1 
2 2 2
 (x   xy  xy  y )(x  y) 44. (b) If x  a  b, y  a  b and z    b
 x3  x2y(1     2 )  xy2(1     2)  y3 Then xyz (a  b)(a  b 2)(a 2  b ),
 x3  y3 (1     2  0) where   and  2
2 2 2
 (a  b)(a  ab  ab  b )
41. (b) (1   )(1   2 )(1   4 )(1   8 )......upto
2n factors  (a  b)(a2  ab  b 2 )  a3  b3
 ( 2 )( )(1   )(1   2 ).....upto 2n Trick : Put a b 2
factors then x  4, y  2(   2 )  2 and
 1.1.1..... upto n factors = 1 z  2( 2   )  2
3/ 4
    xyz  4(2)(2)  16 and (b) i.e.
42. (b) Given that cos 3  i sin 3 
  3 3
a  b  16 .
 [cos  i sin ] 1/ 4
. 45. (b) We have
Since the expression has only 4 different
roots, therefore on putting n  0, 1, 2, 3 in x3  y3  z3  (a  b)3  (a  b 2)3  (a 2  b )3
 2n     2n     3a3  3b3  3(a2b  ab2 )(1   2 2   4 )
cos   i sin  and
4 4
 
multiplying them,
 
 3a3  3b3  3(a2b  ab2 )(1     2 ) 
we get 3(a3  b3 )
    3 3  Trick : As in the previous question
 cos  i sin  cos  i sin
 4 4  4 4  x3  y3  z3  (4)3  (2)3  (2)3  48 and
(b)
 5 5   7 7 
cos 4  i sin 4  cos 4  i sin 4  i.e. 3(a3  b3 )  48
  
46. (b) Multiplying the numerator and denominator by
 1 1  1 1  1  1  1 1   and  2 respectively I and II expressions
 i   i   i  i 
 2 2   2 2   2 2   2 2 
a  b  c 2 a  b  c 2
 
 1 1 1 1 b  c  a 2
c  a  b 2
          (1)(1)  1 .
 2 2  2 2
x1  2  (a  b  c 2 )  2 (a  b  c 2 )
 2
 2
    2  1
43. (d) Given that  x2 1 0 (b  c  a) (c  a  a )
2 1 x
47. (a) The cube roots of unity are 1, , 2 . We
Applying transformation R1  R1  R2  R3 , know that if z1, z2, z3 are the vertices of an
we get equilateral triangle in the Argand plane. Then
1 1 1 z12  z22  z32  z1z2  z2 z3  z3 z1
x x2 1 0 If we take z1  1, z2   , z3   2
2 1 x
Then z12  z22  z32  1   2   4  0
 (x   2 )(x   )  1   2   (x   )  
and z1z2  z2z3  z3z1  1.   . 2   2.1
  2(x   2 )  0
    3   2  1    2  0
 x2  0  x0
Thus z12  z22  z32  z1z2  z2z3  z3z1
Therefore triangle is equilateral.
Note : Students should remember this
question as a fact.
 94 Complex Numbers
1 1   2. 12   A  B  A  B   2  0
48. (c) Here   i 3 is one of the two
2 2  A  1, B  1 (1     2  0)
imaginary cube root of unity. If we denote it by
. 1 1 i   2 2
Then 55. (a)   1 i 1 2 1
1 3 i  i  1 1
 1000   999  ( 3 )333      i.
2 2
1 i 2
49. (a) Since p 0. Let p  q , where q is  1 i 1 2 1= 0
positive.
i  i 1 1
Therefore p1 / 3  q1 / 3(1)1 / 3.
( Two rows are identical)
Hence   q1 / 3 ,   q1 / 3 and
56. (b)
  q1 / 3 2
xn  1  (cos0  i sin0o )  cos2r  i sin2r  ei 2r
The given expression
 x  ei(2r / n)
, r  0,1, 2 ……..
x  y  z 2 1 z  y 2  z 1
 .    2.
2
x  y  z  2
x  y  z  Obviously the roots are 1, e2i / n, e4i / n ......
which are obviously in G.P. with common ratio
3i 3 1
50. (a) Given that z    i e2i / n .
2 2 2
57. (a) (3   2   4 )6  (3   2   )6  (3  1)6  64
1 3
 iz    i  58. (b)  4   , 8   2 etc. 3rd, 5th, 7th factors are
2 2
each equal to 1st and 4th, 6th, 8th factors are
Now
each equal to 2nd.
z69  z 4(17)
z  (iz)4(17) z  ( )68 z, (i 4n  1)
L.H.S  (2 )(2 2 )(2 )(2 2 ).....
69 3 23
 ( ) 1 to 2n factors
    i
i i i  (22 3 )(22 3 )......to n factors
Aliter : z 
3 1    (22)n  22n
 i  cos  i sin
2 2 6 6 59. (a) We have
 2
69 1  2 1  
   69 69
z69
  cos  i sin   cos  i sin  2 2 2 4 3  2 2 2 2 2 2  0
 6 6 6 6
3 3 3 6 4 3 3 3 3 3
n
     z 
 cos 11    i sin 11    0  i(1)  i . 60. (a) We have zn  (1  z)n    1
 2  2  z  1
51. (b) Given equation x4  1  0 z z
  11 / n  is a n th root of unity
 (x2  1)(x2  1)  0 z1 z1
z | z|
 x2  1 and x2  1  x  1, i   1  1  | z| | z  1|
z1 | z  1|
52. (d) The product is given by
1 1
 . 2. 3..... n   1 2 3 ...... n   n(n 1) / 2  x  0 x   Re(z)  0 .
2 2
On putting n  1,2,3,.....,we get
  n  1
61.
2
(a) 1      ..... 
n 1
    0,

  1(11) / 2   ,  2(21) / 2   3  1,..... 4(5) / 2   10     1 
Hence it gives the values 1 and  only. ( n  1)
53. (a) It is obvious because the cube roots of unity 62. (d) The nth roots of unity are given by
are 1,
 1 i 3  1 i 3 i 2 (k  1)
,
2 2 zk  e n , (k  1,2....,n)
54. (c) (1   )7  A  B  ( 2 )7  A  B i 2 (k  1)

 | zk |  e n  1 for all
14
    A  B k  1,2,.....,n
 Complex Numbers 95

 | zk | | zk  1 | for all k  1,2.....,n 1

 [( )6  ( 2 )6 ]  [( 3 )2  ( 3 )4 ]
63. (a) Trick : Put a  1, b  1, c  2 ,  i6
a b c  0  
    1  3i , 2   1  3i 
 (1    2 )  (1   2 3 2
 2 ) 3  2 2 
 
 (3 )  (3 )  27  27  54
2 3 3
 (1  1)  2 .
Also option (a) gives the value i.e., 72. (d)
27 1 1(2)  54 (1    w2 )7  (1     2  2 2 )7  (2 2 )7
64. (c)  128 14  128 12 2  128 2
x12  1  (x6  1)(x6  1)  (x6  1)(x 2  1)(x4  x 2  1) 
 1  i 3 

15
 1 i 3
15 

  
    2 2  
Common roots are given by x4  x2  1  0  2 2   
73. (a) 215   
 (1  i)20 (1  i)20 
 
  1 i 3  
x2    , 2 or  4 , 2  
2
  15  30 
( 3  1) = 215   =
20
 (1  i) (1  i)20 
or x   2,
 1 1 
65. (a) z1  1, z2  i, z3  1, z4  i 215   
20
 (1  i) (1  i)20 
 13  (i)3  (1)3  (i)3  0 .
66. (b) Since  is an imaginary cube root of unity,
 (1  i)20  (1  i)20 
= 215  =
let it be  then ( )3n 1  ( )3n 3   3n 5  (1  i 2 )20 
   1   5, { 3n  1 and  3  1} 215
[(1  i)20  (1  i)20]
   1  2  0 220
 1 i 3  1 i 3 1
67. (d) As   and  2 = 5
[(i  i 2 )20  (1  i)20] =
2 2 2
1 20
(i  1)(1  i)20
 ( )20  ( 2)20   18. 2   39.   2    1 25
68. (c) Since  and  are complex roots of unity, 2
 5 (1  i)20 =
1
(1  i)20 =
4
we may write    ,    2 2 2
1 1 1
Hence, 
4
  28    4  ( 2)28  [(1  i)2 ]10
  . 2 24
1 1
    56  1     2  1  0  4 [1  i 2  2i]10 = 4 (2i)10
2 2
69. (c) (3  5  3 2 )2  (3  3  5 2 )2
(2)10i10
=
4
 26  64 .
 (3  3  3 2  2 )2  (3  3  3 2  2 2 )2 2
 1 3 9 27 
     .....
(1     2  0, 3  1) 74. (a)  2 8 32 128 
 

 (2 )2  (2 2 )2  4 2  4 4  4(1)  4 .

70. (c) Given,
  
 1/ 2 
 
 1 3 / 4 

         1 2
[1     2  0]
sin( 10   23)    sin(   2)   75. (c) (3    3 2 )4  (3   )4
 4  4
[   2  1]
     1
 sin       sin     sin  . = (2 )4  16 4  16 .
 4  4 4 2
71. (a) 76. (c) (1     2 )(1   2   )6


6 6 6 6  (2 )(2 2 )6  128 .
 3  i  i 3    
    1  3i     1  3i 

 2   2   2i   2i  77. (d) 1. . 2   3  1.
      
 96 Complex Numbers

3i  1  3i  (a  b)(a2  ab(   2 )  b2 3 )

78. (c) z   iz    
2 2  (a  b)(a2  ab  b2 )  a3  b3 .

 z  i  z69  i69. 69  i
1 3   cos  i sin 
i 85. (b) i
2 2  3 3
( 3n  i 4n  1)
1/ 4
 2   2  1  3     
1/ 4
79. (c)  n  cos   i sin  Now   i   cos  i sin 
 n   n  2 2   3 3

2 2 1 i 3    
  3  cos  i sin      cos  i sin 
3 3 2 2  12 12
and
2   
 2 2  4 4  cis .
 32   cos  i sin   cos  i sin  12
 3 3  3 3
86. (d) (8)1 / 3  x  x3  8  0
1 i 3
    2.
2 2  (x  2)(x2  2x  4)  0 .
 (x  y 3  z 32)(x  y 32  z 3)  x  2, 2 , 2 2 or
2 2
 (x  y  z )(x  y  z ) x  2,  1  i 3,  1  i 3 .
 x 2  y2  z 2  xy  yz  zx .
87. (d) 225 (3  8 2 )2  (3 2  8 )2
80. (d) z  z 1
 1  z  z  1  0  z  
2 or
2  225 (5 2  3)2  (5  3)2

For z   ,  225 18  5(   2 )
z100  z100  ( )100  ( )100  225 18  5(1)  225 18  5  248.
1 88. (a)
=      2  1
   ( 3n  1)   n ( 2n   2n )   2n ( n   4n )
For z = – 2,
  (1  1)  0   2n[ n  ( 3 )n n ]
z100
 z100  ( 2 )100  ( 2 )100
1 1   0 0 0 0.
  200  2  2
  2    1.
 200
 89. (c) (3    3 2 )4  [(3  3 2   )4 ]
81. (c) x 4  x 3  x  1  0   [ 3 (1   2)   ]4  [3( )   ]4
3
x (x  1)  1(x  1)  0
 [2 ]4  16 4  16 .
x1 0 or 3
x 1 0 
90. (a) (1  2   2)6 = (1   2  2 )6
1 3i 1 3i
x  1,  1, , = (  2 )6  (3 )6
2 2
so its real roots are 1 and – 1.  (3)6( 3)2 [Since
1  i 3  1  i 3   1  i 3   2  i2 3 1    2
 0, 3  1 ]
82. (c)  
1  i 3  1  i 3   1  i 3  4 = 729.
91. (d)  99   1   101
 1 i 3
 
2 =  99[1     2] [Since
n
 1 i 3  1     2  0, 3  1 ]
     n   3  1 n  3 .
 1 i 3 
  = 0.
83. (a) [(1     2 )   ]3n  [(1     2 )   2 ]3n 92. (a) sin1(ei )  x  iy
  3n  ( 2 )3n  ( 3 )n  ( 3 )2n
 sin(x  iy)  ei
n 2n
 1 1  0.
 sinx coshy  i cosx sinhy  cos  i sin
84. (a) (a  b)(a  b )(a  b 2 )
 Complex Numbers 97

cos tanu  tan(iv)

On comparison, coshy  , u  iv)  i
100. (b) tan(  i
sinx 1  tanu tan(iv)

sin  tanu  i tanhv  i[1  i tanu tanhv]

sinhy   cosh2 y  sinh2 y  1
cosx [tanix  i tanhx]
2 2
1  sin  sin   tanu(1  tanhv)  i(1  tanhv)
  1
1  cos x cos2 x
2
 (tanu  i)(1  tanhv)  0

 1  tanhv  0  tanhv  1
cos2 x  sin2  cos2 x  sin2   cos2 x sin2 
v v
= cos2 x  cos4 x  e  e  1  ev  ev  ev  ev
v v
e e
 cos4 x  sin2   x  cos1 sin .
 2ev  0  ev  e  v .
93. (b) sinhix  i sinx .
101. (a) tan1 (  i )  x  iy
94. (c) cos(u  iv)    i
   i  tan(x  iy) …..(i)
iv)  sinu sin(iv)   i
 cosu cos(
Taking conjugate,
   cosucoshv and    sinusinhv
 (  i )  tan(x  iy)
ix)  coshx, sin(
(cos( ix)  i sinhx)
…..(ii)
 2   2  1 =  tan2x  tan[(x  iy)  (x  iy)]
2 2 2 2
cos u cosh v  sin u sinh v  1

(  i )  (  i ) 2
 cos2 ucosh2 v  sin2 u sinh2 v  cos2 u  sin2 u
 tan2x  
1  (  i ) (  i ) 1  ( 2   2 )
 cos2 u cosh2v  sin2 u(1  sinh2v)  cos2 u
1  2 
x  tan1  .
 cos2 u cosh2v  sin2 u cosh2v  cos2 u 2  1  2   2 
 
[cosh2 v  sinh2 v  1] 102. (c) Let y | a  b  c 2 |
 cosh2 v(cos2 u  sin2 u)  cos2 u for y to be minimum y2 must be minimum.

 cos2 u  cosh2 v [cos2 u  sin2 u  1] . y2 | a  b  c 2 | 2

95. (a) sech(i  )  sec(i 2 )  sec(

 ) y 2  (a  b  c 2 )(a  b  c 2 )
 sec  1 .
1
= [(a  b)2  (b  c)2  (c  a)2 ]
96.   i )  cosh(
(c) cosh(   i ) 2
= cosh cosh(i )  sinh sinh(
i ) Since a, b and c are not equal at a time so

 cosh cosh(i ) sinh sinh(i ) minimum value of y2 occurs when any two
are same and third is differ by 1.
 2 sinh sinhi  2i sinh sin .
 Minimum of y1 (as a, b, c are
97. (b) cosh(  i ) integers)
 cosh cosh(i )  sinh sinh(i ) 103. (d)

Imaginary part  sinh sin .  2 (1   )3  (1   2 )   2 ( 2 )3   ( )

98. (a) It is obvious. =   2   2  0.

99. (c) It is obvious. 104. (c) x     , y     2 , z   2  
98 Complex Numbers
 xyz  (   )(   2 )( 2   )

= (   )[ 2   (   2 )   2 ]

= (   )( 2     2)   3   3 .