i

(~D ';'

-+ L :: TOTA~ LENGll-I OF tY\IP&f! ~

r ')

r-"~., r- r-»: --I

... -" '.
-'<1-1'- q!
II II I, (\\VE K J,.;P '~~-:r
....•...•.•.
lq-,1-"!-'
'I 11 II
... ,"

Jl~ ~ I'll.'
.lt~~ .. ,I ....~.

P\E~-"'\ P\E::.R-'2. P1Et\-3 , .•• f

".
GENf:RAL ELE\lAIlDN
---"~----
-'-'"-'"

M iN! MU M tLEAMN(1:. "H":

';
•.
0) I.ODm· fDR l\I\IEI\ WIT1-l0UT D~~t\I'"
10) l.5"Om. fOr. t1.[V~~ WITH PI::B.t\l'.
c~ Nf\V\GAT\DtJA~ Ll,f:ARANL.E.. s.MLl
tE DE.Tt~MINEP ~y 1HE PH!L\PP\N E-
L.oA'T GliAt'\P) f'H\L1F~I\-,JE. NAVY.

i
DEAD LOADS : A
#

THE FOLLOWING WEIGHTS ARE TO BE USED IN COMPUTING

THE DEAD LOAD
#!I ft3 . kg/m3

STEEL OR CAST STEEL •...........•. 490 ( 7849)

CAST IRON . . . . . . . . . r , • •• 450. ( 7208)
ALUMINUM ALLOYS. . . . . . . . . . .. . .. 175 (2603)
TIMBER (TREATED OR UNTREATED) . 50 ( 801 )
CONCRETE, PLAIN OR REINFORCED . . .. 150 ( 2403) ./
COMPACTED SAND. EARTH 1 GRAVEL
OR BALLAST. . . . . . . . . I 20 (922) ~Jjq
LOOSE SAND 1 EARTH AND GRAVEL. " 100 (1602)
MACADAM OR GRAVEL. ROLLED 140 (2243 )
CINDER FILLING . . . . . . '. . . . . '" 60 .. t 961 )
PAVEMENT, OTHER THAN WOOD BLOCK. . 150 .('2403)
RAILWAY RAILS, GUARD RAILS AND
FASTENINGS (PER LINEAR ·FOOT OF TRACK.. 200 (3204)
STONE MASONRY' 170 (2723)
ASPHALT 'PLANK, I INCH (25.4 rnm)THICK .. 9 lba. PER SQUARE
FOOT (44 kg/m2)
IN'; f:4j}n<J
LANE LOADING: \
.., {'6rOOO II)•. (80 KN) FOR MOhtENT
. '-CONCENTRATED LOAD 26,000 Iba.(116 KN)FQR SHEAR /

640 Ibs. PER LINEAR FOOT:' (3.4 kN/m)

OF LOAD ·LANE

~[- H 20 • 44 (M 18) LOADING

HS 20·44 (M$18) LOADING
.

//1- CONC~"'TRATED
~ J;J'4
{'3,500 Ibs (60 KN)
19,500 Ib_ (87 KN)
FOR MOMENT
FOR SHEAR
-rr"7"7"O'~c~. ;.:,,.N:.rrFrr.RMM;:.n:.LM0i7AO:n,4807'Tiril-rbMs'.-7P..;Er.R;-r;L~1 ¥=rr.R.,.,F OOT (7.1 K NI m) Of
LOAD -LANE

~r~-~_
$ . H 15-44
HSI6·44
(M 13.5) LOADING
(MSI3.6) LOADING
/'-2.. CONCENTRATED {. 9,000 Ibe. (40 t<N) FOR MOMENT
-.. 13,00011 •. (58KN) .FOR SHEAR
. ~,; A 32 b ~J.~FOOT (4.7 KN/m) OF
~~&
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~
LOAD LANE

~I
<f-..--~ .
01 . I

rDL __ .__.._·
'. H 10- 44 (M 9'). , LOADING
 7' /

DESIGN OF RCDG SUPERSTRUCTURE·

TYPICAL ROADWAY SECTION

ROWY WIDTH

S"rD RAILING

~,---_--=-SI__ L .
Ll
bw

Where:
t : SLAB THICKNESS
d = OVERALL DEPTH OF. GIRDER
s' = C. TO C. SPACING OF GIRDERS
bw : WlDTH OF GIRDER

DESrGN CRITERIA
I. DESlGN LOADS
. A. DEAD LOAD:
CONCRETE ~- ~~
FUTURE WEARING SURFA. u.os KPaJ
B. LIVE LOAD:
MS 18 OR MS 13.5
C. IMPACT

2. DESIGN STRESSES:
A. CONCRETE
COMPRESSiVE STRENGTH Gi> 28 OA~
B. REINFORCINGSTEEL
DEFORMED BARS lGRADE 40) tv ~ 275.80. MPa fa: 137.90 MPa.
3. DESIGN METHOD ~-----
SERVICE LOAD DESIGN METHOD
4. DESIGN SPECIFICATION
1977 AASHTO
r---.--- ._-
,
-...----.- ..---... -.----- ..~.---.---------.,..------------------------ '-" --.--.----.
...~~)

'I
I

"
HI1lQ.tJ

! c: .. ~ {mi"
P,:)AV ••..:.'" CURl/'!

)~u'E""AtJ( 1
,:.:.;re.o;xJflt04DW:'Y

0.
4r ("••n. )!lOElI'AU(
CuRV[

,
.23~"'Q".

t-.
.o'.j:mlr. )
) QO/.D'NA'f-

Sh'£ .••• LK
CVRVE

r
1 I. ~ I

1 Pia I ••. I!I_

Pia ~
P/i
~PI2 ~ P/2

~I'
I-
I

I
i:tT
P/3 !!.!.
"'2 c •
~
!
.~

~ ~Ilil
~Tf,iI
P/2 ': .

ld1 (
-
P/2 ~
E

gi fit
0
PIli
i
~
1
Ii,

·.k ~I~ i'=

r~' --4t
II
1 ~~

r@.
E
! ~~~ I
.•.
C>
.j
~.
o
~OP OF FuTURE SU«FAC;NG(TYP.)
ROAo"'Af SuRFACE ( TYP.)
'"
q
o TO BE use e "'HERE THERE IS NO CURII 011 cua, PROJECT& .2.30", OR LI~SS FROW TRAFrlC FACE'Of' IIAILIN~.

TRAFFIC RAILING

Iw Iw IN
I w-
~ft!l:-
, W-.-

'I
.!!

~I~i
-<
~ PIa

r
.-

~i
d -
I

I
PI4
J
c
e:

~'I
~

c
i
Pia

...f.
'1-r~
-fl -{II-~-I ~ ~.
-;01
ii
~I
61
.•

-I
~

~i
ITr 9
~I1~
,...~ .E. .! _.
~

I·
!
...
0
i c

e
on
o

i
i
.,
o

i
E

e
...
o
.
.: I
1
il
:1,
0

":
. I
L.- le·~;."'""'",,<e'
'- ,YAL

TO BE USED iiHEN CLIRB ("ROJECTS MORE T>iAN .BO, •. FRO," TtlE TRAFF;C FAce OF RAILING.

COMBINATION RAILING

Po: 4+.4g Rt-l (\01..) . t),St c.p it h '> .~tt l\'\

IOTES-:
l.ot,()olnG5 or:
LEFT ARE APPL.:[(; TO R:'I:"S. FIGURE
L0ADI"GS or,PISHT A;<[ APPLIE8 TO POST:;.
'i;'-:[ t""iHAPF<:'; or »r«: t'.: ::~/HER'; "\RE iLL;JS"':"'R ATi'./E oru, Y. Ar'JY M/\T£ RIAL
c. :: I + h - 3~ > I 0 : [ I'" n {tr1- ~ ] ~ I vJ ~~d. Ld~.(5Cf~f
Ie --. ·+51 t&
~(l!', r:~;Mf3:r·~':'T;('.~;cr· MAr[ri\r~L.S LrSTED IN ART. ~ !.9 MA'( BE USE::> !N /\o{"'"
-- COtU·:.JG'.Jt1AT!OI'; .....•
.....•.•.
 -. I"!O'" ( ".:_%~7 ••.•) 14 '.0"
"
___ • _____ 0_

w- TOTAL W£ICiI1T op

3 T~'''K~"11 LOAQ ~
co
N
ci 0 N
o
•o
-.. t.
'-
•• ... ~

- f.
-
!:1

10'.0" (3.0 ••'",)·

(l •• ~t.IC.W ""'0
t"'O~WIIITIi
w • COM~tJEP WE\''''~ ON "M~ f\~'T TWO A)C\.£S WHI c.~
IS THE S •••M~ .AS y::O~ ,.~£ c.c)~I!S.PO",,()It-l"
~ (M) ~UCI<.

,,: ""'~''''8Le SfAC\~ ~ I~ FEET TO '0 f"E'~r

(~. Z" TO C). '44 nt) tNC.L.t.U.",~ SPAC.IN~
~ ,0 .1: USE~ \~ ~AT Wt-4Ic,. •.• fftoOIJc:ES
(.(,1011I)<1. ,,,, •• ) (.(,(0",)
1'-44)(IMUM ST~e~SES.
fiTAmWUtnUt) Till 1I~:1'!ttm:-¥fW

.-'5·.•.•
"S \~ -~
eM IS.S)
(MS \~.,)
lQAI?I~G
1.0A~ING.

. C(lNtENllVom LQI\P I ':000 \b' (",0 kN) Fott ..,.OMfNi"

ll"ooo ' 'i> (it ",toi) r- ",",IfAR
. UNt~ LAlO 310 ~. ~ lIt1e1>R fOOT (~.l Wolf III) 0,," t6W l.4tte

H 10 -14 (M <I) ~OAOINGo

 1' \ .
-l-"

IMPACT:.,
:: 50 (1~.24 )
I L'+l25 OR L.+ 38

WHERE:
I a IMPACT FRACTION lMAX.30 PERCENT)
L:= LENGTH iN FEET ~m) OF THE PORTION OF THE SPAN WHICH 1S LOADED
TO PRODUCE· MAXIMUM STRESS IN THE MEMBER.

IMPACT SHALL BE APPLIED TO THE FOLLOWING· UNDER GROUP A

t. SUPERSTRUCTURE .• INCL.UDING STEEL OR CONCRETE SUPPORTING COL.UMN,
STEEL TOWERS. LEGS OF RIOlO FRAMES AND GENERALLY THOSE PORTION
OF THE STRUCTURES WHICH EXT!NDS DOWN TO THE MAtN FOUNOATlONS.
2. THE PORTION ABOVE THE GROUND L.lNE OF CONCRETE OR STEEL PIl.ES
RIGIDLY CONNECTED TO THE SUPERSTRUCTURE. AS IN RIGID FRAMES OR.
CONTINOUS DESIGNS.

IMPACT SHALL NOT BE APPLIED TO THE FOLLOWING UNDER

GROUP B.
t. ABUTMENTS. RETAINING WALLS. PIERS, PILES EXCEPT GROUP A l2).
~.FOUNDATION PRESSURES AND FOOTINGS.
3. TtWSER STRUCTURES •
4. SIDEWALK L.OADS
6.C~L.VERT AND STRUCTURESHAVINO COVER OF ! FEET OR MORE.

LONGITUDINAL FORCE (IF) •

.
fIVE lfS) PERCENT OF LANE L.OAD PLUS CONCENTRATED LOAD FOR MOMENT
WlTtiOUT AS SPECIFIED IN ARTICL.E r. 2. 8 AND SHAL.L. BE APPL.IED 6 FEET
U.629m.l ABOVE THE FLOOR SLAB AND TRANSMITTED TO THE SUBSTRUCTURE
THROUGH THE SUPERSTRUCTURE.

LF----------~---~~
6FEET rTOP OFFLOOR SLAB

-~--~----
--.j
-'~"""'''~'.'''' '-"-~"'",.,,~ ..--- '---~"-'''''-'~-''""'--'

.,
i.). '
'

MS 18 36kN 144 kN 144 kN

MSI3.5 27kN 108 kN 108 kN

31 31-
¥27m.$-
,31
..
, I

N <DI
I

---
v~ --, 0.4 Itv

+-.-$- ----$
)N ~ COMBINED WEIGHT ON THE rlHST TWO AXLES WHiCH is THE SAME
AS FOA THE CORRESPONDING H' (M) TRUCK.
V = VARIABlE SPACING - 4,27m TO 9.14 m INCLUSIVE, SPACIf\;':; TO Bt:
USED is THAT WHICH PRODUCES MAXIMUM STRESSES

CLEARANCE AND
LOAD LANE WIDTH
3.05m

F1awe 3.7.7A. SLIUldani HS Tr"cu

-'n Ill.: JI"I~1I "I IIlHtx:1'iI'h)r, auJ urt hot nip',' ••eel decks (C:Jo:duJin~ It "ml crse bl';HIl>J lur HS ~O k.a,ilO~,
one :OAk iv"J u! 2-1,0\10 pounds ,II' tW,> ~,\k I,,~d> "I' 10,000 pounds <'.Idl. '1'" •..,<1 ~ 11.'''1apart ilia," De u scd ,
whichever ~'I',)Ju'-,,>lhl' !:rl" ••er 'in! ••. instead "I' the: 32.000-p •.•uod ol~k sho ••.n.

··F"I' SlolO d">l6" , Ill<' center hll~ of •.•.

ncels ,hall be assumed 10 be I 1".)01 irorn I'J,'c vI cur o. ,:'L'L' Ar: •.:k
J.~.j,2J,

3.10 CENTUIFUGAL FORCES; where

3.10.1 Strucrures un curves ~hall be dcsig ned fur a
horizontal radial force cq lI•.d ill I he following perceur- C = the ceutrifugal force in percent of {ilL' ii, l' i",l'l.
ag.: oi the live load, without impact. ill all trafuc 1;IIlI'S; wirhour impact;
S =
lilt' design speed in mites per hour:
O.otl ~'~ D = the degree of curve:
C = 0.00117~: D :::: !,J·n
R = the radius of the curve in teet
.: _ . ....,.. --,--
,

,f'!,
..
t,

-------- -----
3,)4 .' HIGHWA Y BRlDGFS .'.
...--- .. -~-------.---- --.- ..------- -.---~ ._ .. ....
.
_--- ------_._._.-- ..- .. -._-_ .. _ .....
APil. A

".,: .!.~',,>.; .: ,;,,:~ ~$.~;!i';:i:~l!:~~~

!,

TABLE OF MAXIMUM MOMENTS, SHEARS AND REACTlONS.-StMPLE

SPANS,ONE LANE

Spans in feet t moments in. thousands of Ioot-pounds ; sheers and reactions

in. thousands of pounds.
These values art subject to specification reduction for loading of multiple
lanes. .
. Impact not included,
Ena .n< ar
Ene S'iPU
, and end and e nd
Span Ml)n,enl rt.'a •.·t;on Ia)
Sprm Mom.';t reicticn (~ j
5G()II»)

,
s.c 32.0,bl -42 4bb.~1(L)
·1 ~l6.7(1J)
16.(1 H r)20~( LJ
2 320(b)
&i.3(lJl
3
, " 32.0
24.0 32.00,)
32 ~b)
46
4~
bO'
~5{;.5(h)
!\92.1(l~1
627.S( 1,1
&!i Ol b)
se 5i" I
5 40.0 32.wb)
f· 48.IJ 32.0(1-.) 62 683.6( b) 59. lib)
7 5':;.0 32.O(b: ~4 t\~91(b) ::'~)(,l;"
s (,00.:
9
64.0
72.0 / 32.0(0.
320(1;
56
~~
';3f,l(ll)
7701'( h) 60.4(b)
III

10 80.0 32.0(b: X\I(;.'.( ill 60ft( b)

60
11 81\.0 32.0(t.) ~.12 ~(h) 612(1..)
62
l~ 96.{I 32.01hj 6': "';tU~ol 61('(b)
l:i 10,1.0 32.I\b) t;6 ~l·~.O;b) fi 1 .<;i{ b)
H 112.0 U.O( b) 6~ 9~:;~1{ I» (.:.; lihl
15 120.0 3ol.i(b) 70 sss.« bi ti;~lb)

16 "
j2f..O 360(b) f~ I,07f'.1(lp 6:1 i:t;}
17 1se .0 37.7(b) SO 1.1 ft~. \4; I,} (.1 hiuj
11$ 144.0 3~.lfb) J;~ 1.:!:·)~.7( ~;l &4 11 III
)9 152.0 40.4(b) Son 1.30&-1 .( h) cj'; .!">{ b;
~o HiO.O 41.6(b) 91> 1,434 I (l;) .
, o4.9{I>~ :

21 l~~.O 42,7{b) )0(· 1,r.Z40,b) .' 6~.3(;)1

,22 17G.f 43.Eibi 1,703.t>(b; ilfl 9( b)
11<'
23 IM.t 4 •. !>{L; 120 1.~B;t.:!oib) 6G.4(t)
i4 1" t,; 4~.3(b'. 13;) :!.(~3l( b) 67.(-
2b 207.01 "6.1(b; He '2~24 2.1\( b, 70.8
2fl 2:t2.:! 4(U.I(I.} 15(1 2,47:'.1 i·UI
27 2~·1.(: 47.4(b) 1t)1J 2.76(;(· i·I.2
.2i1 2~:U) .•e.OiL) 170 S,077.i tov,4
-: 4tl8(b) ~:3.6
2\1 26:.0 1S0 3.40~ 1
30 2t12.1 4V.t\b) J9C1 3,743 i 86.S
31 29'/.3 5(1.al.t} 2(10 01.100.0 so.o
32 312.5 ;il.O(hj 220 4.1:1(; :.!.(i g6 . .i
33 32/.is 51.6(b) 240 ~.61'."I) I 02 ~
301 343.5 52.2(\..) 260 s.s: H(, IO\l 2
35 361..2 52.S(b; 2t10 "'.~32.0 ! 1St:

36 ~78.~ fl3.3(b) SOO s.sso.o 1?2 U

37 396.6 53.8(b)
38 414.3 54.3(b)
39 '32.1 54.6(b)
40 H~.8 ~5.:Z(t.)

(a) ConceDtl.~d load i5 COMidered pla~d at the I\:pport. Laack ••1ed .r. Ulo.e atipuhlted for ahear.
(b) Muimum n1•••••• rmined by StaQdard Tnack LoacIini. 0",.,.* &h.S&.andard LaM Loadifll
JO•• m •.
 ,
~: SpAM .L~NGTtf. 9.0 m
fOJ.DWA'/ wle>ru w 7.'2,"
r:: ZOo ,,8 MPct ~m ,0) 1.0.,
r:
fINs": I. O~ ~Pq

f'f .:: 17~. 9 MPcc C¥.>tn f~Y ".4'''~ ~O.~O"'~

No. OF ,"1~OIll!S = 1 .J._------l2~.1:..!!.:'"~_'~

(J) C¥/ ~~~~T. O".s.IPew,,-L." SL~~_,.:~~.r._.~O UILlH"S ~

1
Vis.• ,.J.rc = Z [O.IS • O.SD + O.,t.ZS/. ' to."" I.n
, Z.11
.;.);,1 PEAO ~QA 0 .:...

/"
,

I.lfi7S .••s. 5"1;

~ • I'M '1 ~ s IOC). &4 k"-m
1,.4~ :~.84 it s.••aa~• s".o~ ~"·m (, __rn,) /
I~-' .<. tv~ I"" '.
~

"·&7
 r:-
.6) I U.-1C .:
,
MmoJl = i (80)(') + i(,.-4)(~)t = 11S. "5 k..a-.,..
180 lata
+ .. . 9.~ "W'en

IS .• "
'~PAC.T COE"F'CI.~T. ~+ S, :: O.3t ) 0.$ .'. I. O.S
t:Ac!'11)R. sa" S _
P'ST. It.iI....... • i7ir T.iS p;t; t , z St;!.
. ML\.·
I

U •..~~~ ·
i • 111.OS .••..
Mcv H' ~ .L_~

so •. o. ~N'm

Mal .€"':ZIJ~.9&." .~'.8~~"'-"' 1Ir 10'.0

:'P''-. u, \
\./~ : C)OOO/~ • u SO 4-- '10~S,\
~w + I~' • <fOO+ I'll \&0). ISC.O \, '
,\
C - Co .1'AeIN~ .• 1100 I. \
r \
mlttiC : ,000 -: ISO csse m", I\
OlT.~"'t" IF JUCTA~'U~ft O~ ,. - S£c:TIO~. J. \
., J :

lei Q .• t.s .• \80",," J fIll..//

. p ,\Ill II'
I
I t"1.

Comr f· 0 .• ' ~, cab • 0.85 ~ ZQ.c.,( ~ 0."/,,, •. &S. tit \0' = 11l~.~ kN
'8
tAu· JI F~ (c! - t) I: O.C) Yo 71l~.,1*(0.85
l '0
--rJ
/--7 j-.
·4f8"~.S Icl'l-m >(,;.5.1' ~-m"i.{"<t5)
~

AT J. PISTAtcCf d· Sso I1tm 1=~ 114£ 5cJft'Oltl,

? \r
VOL': Z2.sa" ~ (••.s - 0.8S) • 65. s'4~ ""

~IC LeMon" :
'h· 144 ~r~-O.85 + ~-5.12 '1.,92.48 kN
r- s., :!II ?-
 · ~.IS
~~ . 9m ~ /
YH'= 1.9 •.• &;,,~1421 ;. 2,l"1 -;c 1EI7.24", 44·'.'i;~~"N
v-J. #~.~~~ • 'o-~
~'ra 1:;;::1- o.8S."~ .",8;'·':' i.sss t-At'q) Vc...O·l~~~d /
1:.: ~ltJ' 13men J6 U STIIlIt"'rS (A \I c tt.s.~, I1\m\ )
f<'f.q"tfl~O s .•~~(v,,-Vc.) s 2C,S.~' "&7S;.I
100(,.S~:~!,"·
0.1 5S)
= 22E:,.;1 mm (s-.
~ J
110 ~""..),i
~J
 r-.
l?>tWl)lNG r-1olil;N1"' IN $nl HG.I\S .f LONacTtI.'NAi.. ••. A~S

KIWD OF fLOOR

T'M •• ~:1
PLANK .••••••..•••.••. • • • . . • • • .5/~.o(.st1.2' ••) S/3. 7S ( 'S/ \. '4~)
" ( 10l.G.Ift)
S't~\, __ "'''~ ott "'1ol~~\"~1
\..A'I~S F'LDOItS 01-. 6" (117"",,) l'lt1C,K •••• ' •• s/~.s (S/l.lll) s/~.o (\I\.1.v.)
STRIPG" ('Sl~~ •••••) (11' ~I ~"'\C,K ..•••••• sts» (S/,. 5t.~) s I~.t.s ( ~/l. 'l~i)

IF s e)(e~I!OS 6'

COt-lC~eT'E :
ON SniL I- .SiAM ST~'Nt;~RSJ ANO

~ST~ES5ED cowe~TE Gtl'ORS •... . . . .. .5/1.0 (S/2. ts~) s/ s. s (\/ \.<;.lG) ..

IF S &lI.c.aEDS \0'
(;S.O~' m) Iol$.
IF • e~CoI'evs '4'·(~.'1(,7 m)
"COT ~O,. IE' .. ""~Iii FOOT'~()"1iF~

$/~.o (sit .• ,,)

,
'I" • ~1tc:~Ii~$ G
I': S ~(eeEOS \0' ( I.O~&,")
'I.6l") 1oA5.

fOOT WOT~ I.

~ T'MI~ Slft\NG~................. s/~·o(ell. 12.) s/s.o ('II. S2~)

,t" S If.cn1>~G' ,••• r'£.cn1)~ \0' (1.048 m)
('.8249~) v.,
"~Tt40T~ ••

CONC~ETf JO)C GI~E~S~....... S/B.o(s/2.~'8) S/7.0 (S/2.'S")

,
IF S el(c,.ns \s
'I"' s ~)(~DS ".'l ••.311m)
(3.l.S1 m) ••••
SC
,.. •.n-4c:rre •.

ON ST!':'- ,110-' G\~~~S " [{O1:~ ""'T\c:.~. \. '7. ""Co) (.)]

0tI nreSllIfSSEP CGNC. SrftEAO .o~ ~f.4MS (UI ,,~,.\eLe ,.G.~" (.) 1
STEEL&ft\O: (LIIS l1AN .••.••
(.oj. G """) T."C.le) s/~.' (s/\.sn) s/~.o ($/1.21~)

(1" ( IOI.G IMI) 0" to'lDf(e) s/,.o (,,,.8t~) S/5.0 (sh.sl~)

,
If' $'UUEOS (i.o'
(1,'Z'm) ~ "'THon l
\.l..
11'S ~'t~S 'O.~ ( •. loom)
!'fOOT MDT.'.

Se "~'. ~""tNUP.SP~f~ ut ~(t-\)

1- s''-tM61> ~ POW&Ll..@ "'I"'~~ fUt.~, -S/ll'\.li blM"RlldTloti AS nF\'P RIU· 011 E4XJN/\t..CtJ -r
J.._ \11ill\S ur,~ U~J) ~EJr. ,""~It. ~ "~to"'bf ~If"~ LDAJ>S)fL~.1Er.1~ A$,s,,,,,Ui ~M
• M .
·21- ))EStCIl Of l •.eti BNl>4'i~ - tol·H.~WM"U -l'~PIN'~)~, MAf~.I't~
-+ .•. :>\Pi WkLK LL (All-f. 1.2,.,\) [)fo(,~ fO" IJol"r·~atr:e.CIa.~RS lI£Sll:~£D ~(l.1ltI.s T~~"
 I 3A I 14
Col. No. r 2 3 4 ~ 6

B
7 8

FACTORS
9 10
" 12 ri3

GROUP 'Y 0 ~+I)n bl)p CF E B SF W WL LF R~S1''' EO ICE G/o

I 1.0 1 i 0 I BE I I 0 0 0 0 0 a 100
IA 1.0 I 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150
/a l.0 ' I 0 I I J3E 1 r 0 0 0 0 0 0 t*
Cl
<C
II 1.0 I 0 o· 0 1 I I 1 0 0 0 0 0 125
0 1.0 "sE
-.J
'"
IV LO
1
I
I

I
0
0
1
I ilE
I
I
1
I
0.3
a 0
I
a
1 0
1
0
0
0
0
125
/25
W -
U V 1.0 I 0 '0 0 I I I 1 0 0 I 0 0 140
-
> VI 1.0 I I 0 I JBE I 1 Q3 1 I I 0 0 140
cr 1.0
W VII I 0 0 0 I f 1 0 0 0 0 I 0 133
en
VIII 1.0 I I 0 I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 I 140
IX 1.0 I 0 0 0 I. I 1 I 0 0 0 0 I 150
X 1.0 I I 0 0 ~E a 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 100 CVLVERT

I 1.3 80 1.6"- 0 1.0 ~E I I 0 0 0 0 0 0

fA 1.3 .80 2.20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
z ----
<.9 18 1.3 .dO 0 I __
1.0 ~E
0 __ -
I I 0, 0 0 0 0 0
<f) Q)

w
0
II 1.3 .dO 0 0 0 .dE I I I 0 0 0 0 0 -
.Q

III 1.3 ,so I 0 I .dE I I 0.3 r I 0 0 0 0

0
a:::
IV 1.3 .do 1 0 I .8E I I 0 0 0 I 0 0
.-Q.
0
-
t-
U V L.25 .Bo 0 0 ·0 .dE I I I 0 0 I 0 .0 Q.
<C

-
<C
IJ.. VI, 125 I 0 I I r 0.3 I I I 0 0

0 VII 1.3
-
,S()

..8D 0 0 0
~E
.dE I I 0 0 0 0 I 0 0
Z
<t
VIII 1.3 .80 I 0 I 8E I I· 0 0 0 0 0 I
0
-.J
IX 1.20 Bo 0 0 0 ..8E I I I 0 0 0 0 I
.~ -
X l30 I 1.67 0 0 .8E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CULVERT
.
GROUP LOADING COMBINATIONS FOR SERVICE, LOAD
O~si9nand Load Facto, Oesign are Qlyen by :
I = LIVE L..OAOIhiPACT
-
GROUP (N) =')' {80 0 "'~L (L+ IH,Se CF +.0\: E E = EARTH PRESSURE

+ Sa 8+ ,Bs SF + &wW-r tBwL WL B :: BUOYANCY

+.dL LF + SR (R1- STt)+ SEQ EQ W = WINO LCW> ON STRUCTURE

+.dlcEICE J WL = WIND L.OAO ON LIVE LOAD -

100 POUNDS PER LINEAR FOOT
where; LF,·: ' LONGITUDINAL FORCf FROttI UVE LOAD

N ::; GROUP NUMBER

CF = CENTRIFUGAL FORCE

Y :; LOAO FACTOR, SEE TABLE OF COEFFICIENTS "'j a' R = RIB SHORTENING

'E :: COEFFCIENT, SEE TABLE OF COEFFICIENT, ') 8 A

S = SHRINKAGE
T : TEMPERATURE
o ;. OEAn LOAD
EQ = EARTHQUAKE
L ::; LIVE LOAD
SF :::; STREAM FLOW PRESSURE
ICE ICE PRESSURE
""
 ~WEt"': fC • ~O.Gte t-c1Pa
~~~.LA.
f~.• 1'75.' Mf'cc
1'0",",
1. • 180 ",""I
L • I.~",
LQIlI>'WGo. MS 18

FWs • I.OS' ~'CII

.s.:»>:

$DL.UTICM: IMPACT w (II'. 2.~ • '5,&1•• O. S8 '? e. S .'. 1- o. so -: )

L.• J I.• +J ) \G-' 'I
'---_--~, (Ill) (1'-»/(,.1) (tlJ/~,;, (\lIrA
o.~o1.0AO;; SLAB + FW$ os D. \. ,. 2J."" .•. ',01_ •. &908
,DL. MOM.Mr- to W&.I. 0.' • s.a..oa •.(.1.9)1 C' I.~'O It"-",/m
LIYI'LOAD MOMSMY'
w '''.''1
C).,..
.•. PIA.
tJ.'"
0.80 • 1,'t·"1 • 71 •. 0.8.'4f
.84M ktot-m I 1ft

B'" g., 1.·8"~.,.r,

(I

TDTAJ.. Ncn ••••.•-r 1.9,0 s .-M.sel ~·",/m

£nECTiV. ol'Pftf • ,80· so - 3f • f&O rnm

fr.tf~\C \)&~:

lbo.

~VE~~-~=Ji :
Mu ;: ~ ~t.f'f (d - f)
a. 'I~'l.'
O.85 fc'b

:. Asw ~! J ~c_1(litJ)(i'jf}/C'::c l.)

~IZO-
J( )~·z (,.'1>.&0."'-'--
1&0
tl'.' )(11.~n-.tOt.)
o.~.l7s.a
&,,~.i )
( 0..5.1•.", •. ".0
 r
1

r~qtJ"t~ ~I'ACIM('~ )G."'", II 1t.~ItS (A~ = 1.0,. Or. """ & )

S & %01.0". ,... ( )
"1&.0 . ': 1&0. &.• "'''' S-j 1&0 Iftm

SIPEW"LfC WI~T'" • 0.1" '" , .-"

W~(;,,~ Of ••• ~T •• * "AlLIN" :J \

,0.•••.•
I.'"
1,•. 11
-t O.\S • O. ~
)
ZS.S"

:a t. G'~ ~N/," .
AT Sl.lr"O~T:
Pl"AI)L~P MO~T .'."S' .• e. 7~' .t· 1. •. {.'I)' •• T +.1 .• (.8)) t, t i" y~
f Cel}''''?:] Zl.r, & 4."'4 kM-m/m
.1.IVI .1.~D M'.,;q~,!
.l04~I,")
us~ 1 (PFWS"r,••.•.•
W. l. .en "Pca ---t for 9m ~ndge.
ML= Z.alS" ( ••l'-O.I~)'I. t .o.4'~7 ~1.<;7 "'O.TI')4 kH~ItI!rl\

GAS~ 11. (TltUC.., .J.O~OIN' )

f- O.8~ ••. \.I~'·\.S'S""

toAL.~ :. 't I • I.!;S il e, us f ,.S • 18. S05S kN-m/m (,~vern~)

 r/>.
.r (E) ,bistribution F\einfOlcement
, Reinforcem~t ahall be placed in the bottoms of all alabs tTaniVerse to the
Illain 5teel reinforcement, &0 provide for the lateral d~tllblltJon of the con- ~.

centrated live loada, except tbat thil specificatlon will not apply on culverts
or bridKe .Iabs ~hen the depth of fill over the al.b exceeds t"•.o feet (.610 m).

The amount lihall be the percentage of the ma~n re iaf orcement bled requ ire d
for positive moment as given by the following Iormulas:
For main reinforcement parallel to traffic:

100 (' 5~ ) .
Percentage= VB or ,IS. Maximum 50~,

For rnam reinforcement perpendicular to traffi(':

Percentage- 220 or (121)

vs ..;s. M·a xrm e m b'70-"N,

where SEthe effective span length, in feet. (m)

For main reinforcement perpendicutar to tr?ffic thp spe-cified amount .of
distribution reinforcement shall be used ill the middle half oi the stab span,
and in the outer quarters oi the slab span not less than 50 percent of the
above amount shall be used.

(F) Sheilrand Bond Stress in Slam

. Slabs t1esiglleci for bt=nding mom.nt in accordance with the foregoing shall
be considered satisfactory iu bo'nd and shear.

~H?c.~til8¥.r Si.bs

(11 Truck Loads.

Under the rollowilli Connulas {or distribution of loads on cantilever
slabs, the .Ia~ is desi,ned to support th", losd independent of ·edge support
along the end of the cantilever. The dLitr.bLltion given includes the effect
of wheeb on parallel elemenlli. .

Cue A-Reinforcement Perpendicular to Traffic

Each wheel on the element perpendicular to traffic shall be distributed

according to the followinll formula:
. E-0.8X + 3.75 Or (O.8X + 1.143)
P .
Moment per foot (m) of slab"'EX foot-pounds (Nm) in which
X.distanc~ in feet (m) Irorn load to point of support

Cue B-Re1nrl)lcem~nl ParrJl,,1 to Trafiic

The distribl;tion for eaCh wh •• l load on the element parallel to lrUfic

6hall be as follow.:

E>rO~3f>X+ 3.2 or (O.30X +.98) but .hall not exceed 7.0 reet. (2.1 34ru}

MC/:tlent per. {oo~ 01 161at-i- X Coot-pound" (Nm)

t.3!-OISTRIBUTION OF LOADS AND DESIGN OF CONCRETE SLABS·
.
(A~ Spc1n lengths (,Soe .110 Articl. 1.S.23(Ft}
For simple Ipans the 'pan l'!ngtb it\aU be the distance center to center or
supports but not to exceed cle~r IPan plua thicknes.. of slab,
The follo'tVini effe<:tive span lenethl ahall be used in calculatini' di.5tri-
bution of loads and bending momenta Cor slab. contlnuous over more than
two supports: \

Slab, monolithic-with beams or walls (without haunches}, S-clear

span.
Slabs supported on steel stringers, Ssdi:il.<\nc~ bet w een ~dlle! of
flanges plus 1/2 of the Itrinier flange width.
Slabs supported on timber sn ingers, Scclear span plus 1/2 thicknecs
ot &trinier.
(8) Ed~p. Di$tan~ of Wheel load
In designing slabs the enter~of the wheel load (axle lCJad,'Z) shitli be
assumed to be one fO~[ (,305m) r"fpm the fact" of the curb, If curbs or
sidewalks lire not used I the whee' Ioad shall bo assumed to be o ne Ioot
(.305m) Crom the face of . l: rail. Combined dead. live and Impact st resse ••
shall be not greater than th~ allow ••ble ••tresses.
l.0 may be used as the Beta factor in place of 1.67 for the design of deck
slabs when the structure is to be designed by load Iactor rneihcd. Wheel loads
IIhall be not greater than the allo w able stresses .
. In designing lidewalk&,slab •• and supporving members, 11 wheel load locate-d
on the sidewalk shan be assumed to be 1 foot (.305m) from the face of the
Tall. Combined dead, live and impact stresses for th is loading sh all be not
ifeater than 1 SO percent of the allowable stresses.
1.0 may be used Ai the Beta factor in place of 1.6 7 f()~ the design of deck
slabl when the structure i£ to be d ••,igned by load factor method. Wheel loads
ahall not be applied on sidewalks protected by a traffic barrier,