SHERYL M.

OCHO
BSN II - RUBY

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - is a condition

characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time.
CKD is also known as chronic renal disease.

What causes chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

 Diabetes
Symptoms of chronic kidney disease
 High blood pressure (hypertension)
 Heart disease  Itching
 Having a family member 
with kidney disease  Muscle cramps
 Being over 60 years old
 Nausea and vomiting

 Not feeling hungry

How can I prevent CKD?  Swelling in your feet and ankles

Follow these tips to lower your risk for
kidney disease and the problems that
cause it:
 Too much urine (pee) or not
• Follow a low-salt, low-fat diet enough urine
• Exercise at least 30 minutes
on most  Trouble catching your breath
• days of the week
• Have regular check-ups with  Trouble sleeping
your doctor
• Do not smoke or use
You may notice one or more of the
tobacco
• Limit alcohol

Below shows the

five stages of CKD and GFR for
How is CKD treated? each stage:
You can take steps to keep your kidneys as
 Stage 1 with normal or high GFR
healthy as possible for as long as possible:
(GFR > 90 mL/min)
 Control your blood sugar if you have
diabetes.  Stage 2 Mild CKD (GFR = 60-89
 Keep a healthy blood pressure. mL/min)
 Follow a low-salt, low-fat diet.
 Exercise at least 30 minutes on  Stage 3A Moderate CKD (GFR =
most days of the week. 45-59 mL/min)
 Keep a healthy weight.  Stage 3B Moderate CKD (GFR =
 Do not smoke or use tobacco. 30-44 mL/min)
 Limit alcohol.
 Talk to your doctor about medicines  Stage 4 Severe CKD (GFR = 15-
that can help protect your kidneys. 29 mL/min)