PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - is a condition

characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function
over time. CKD is also known as chronic renal disease.

What causes chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

 Diabetes
 High blood pressure (hypertension) Symptoms of chronic kidney disease
 Heart disease
 Having a family member
with kidney disease Itching
 Being over 60 years old Muscle cramps
Nausea and vomiting
Not feeling hungry
Swelling in your feet and ankles
Too much urine (pee) or not enough urine
How can I prevent CKD? Trouble catching your breath
Trouble sleeping
Follow these tips to lower your risk for kidney You may notice one or more of the following
disease and the problems that cause it: symptoms:

 Follow a low-salt, low-fat diet  Abdominal (belly) pain

 Exercise at least 30 minutes on most  Back pain
days of the week  Diarrhea
 Have regular check-ups with your doctor  Fever
 Do not smoke or use tobacco  Nosebleeds
 Limit alcohol  Rash
 Vomiting

How is CKD treated?

you can take steps to keep your kidneys as
healthy as possible for as long as possible:

 Control your blood sugar if you have

diabetes.
 Keep a healthy blood pressure.
 Follow a low-salt, low-fat diet.
 Exercise at least 30 minutes on
most days of the week.
 Keep a healthy weight.
 Do not smoke or use tobacco.
 Limit alcohol.
 Talk to your doctor about medicines
that can help protect your kidneys.