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CH 24 PDF
CH 24 PDF
Version 1
أطلب المكمل
Chapter 24
Gauss's Law
Pages
Done by :
Ahmad Al-Azzam References
- Book of Physics 102
Agricultural Engineering at JUST
- Questions Years
Mohammad Al-Azzam
Civil Engineering at Yarmouk
1|P a ge
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2|P a ge
Electric Flux :
التدفق الكهربائي :هو عدد خطوط المجال الكهربائي التي تخترق سطحا ً ما عموديا ً عليه .
يرمز للتدفق الكهربائي بالرمز 𝚽.
التدفق الكهربائي 𝚽 يخترق سطحين هما :
-1سطح منتظم يخترقه مجال كهربائي منتظم
⃗
𝑬 𝑬⃗ = 𝚽
𝑨⃗ ⃗ .
⃗
𝜽
⃗
𝑨
𝜽 𝒔𝒐𝒄 ∗ 𝑨 ∗ 𝑬 = 𝝓
𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒏𝒊𝒒 ∑
=𝚽
𝟎𝜺
𝟏𝒒 𝟐𝟏𝜺𝟎 = 𝟖. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−
𝟐𝒒 𝟑𝒒 𝟑𝒒𝒒𝟏 +
=𝚽
𝟎𝜺
𝟒𝒒
إذا كانت الشحنة السالبة فإن إشارتها تعوض في القانون.
يقاس التدفق الكهربائي بوحدة 𝑪. 𝑵. 𝒎𝟐 /
.
𝑬⃗ Ex : If ̂ and the area is rectangular with dimensions
𝒌𝟓 ⃗ = 𝟒𝒊̂ + 𝟐𝒋̂ +
(𝟒 × 𝟑 ) 𝒄𝒎 , laying on the 𝒙𝒚 plane, find the electrical flux.
معلومات ...
Answer :
إذا كان السطح على محاور 𝒚𝒙 فإن المساحة تكون
𝟐𝑨 = 𝟒 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟐 ∗ 𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟎− على محور 𝒛) ̂
𝒌( ،وإذا كان السطح على محاور
𝟐𝒎 𝟒𝑨 = 𝟏𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎− 𝒛𝒙 فإن المساحة تكون على محور 𝒚)̂𝒋( ،وإذا
𝑨⃗ ̂
𝒌 𝟒⃗ = 𝟏𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎− كان السطح على محاور 𝒛𝒚 فإن المساحة تكون
𝑨 ⃗⃗ .
⃗⃗ على محور 𝒙)̂𝒊( .
𝑬=𝚽
𝒌 𝟒̂ ) . (𝟏𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−
𝒌𝟓 𝚽 = ( 𝟒𝒊̂ + 𝟐𝒋̂ + )̂
𝑪𝚽 = 𝟎 + 𝟎 + ( 𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 ) = 𝟔𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝑵. 𝒎𝟐 /
3|P a ge
Ex : If the electric field ⃗𝑬 ⃗ is given by: ⃗𝑬 ̂ and ⃗𝑨
⃗ = 𝟒𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ − 𝟐𝒌 ⃗ is given
by: 𝑨 = 𝟑𝒊̂ + 𝟐𝒋̂ + 𝒌
̂ , find :
1) The net electrical flux .
2) Angle between electric flied and area of surface.
.
Answer :
1)
𝚽 = ⃗𝑬
⃗ . ⃗𝑨
⃗
̂ ) . (𝟑𝒊̂ + 𝟐𝒋̂ + 𝒌
𝚽 = (𝟒𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ − 𝟐𝒌 ̂)
𝚽 = (𝟒 ∗ 𝟑) + (𝟏 ∗ 𝟐) + (−𝟐 ∗ 𝟏)
𝚽 = 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐 − 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐 𝑵. 𝒎𝟐 /𝑪
2)
𝑬 = √𝟒𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐 = √𝟐𝟏 = 𝟒. 𝟓𝟖 𝑵/𝑪
𝑨 = √𝟑𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐 = √𝟏𝟒 = 𝟑. 𝟕𝟒 𝒎𝟐
⃗𝑬
⃗ . ⃗⃗⃗
𝑨 = 𝑬 ∗ 𝑨 ∗ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
𝟏𝟐 = 𝟒. 𝟓𝟖 ∗ 𝟑. 𝟕𝟒 ∗ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
𝟏𝟐
𝜽 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 ( ) = 𝟒𝟓. 𝟓𝟑°
𝟒. 𝟓𝟖 ∗ 𝟑. 𝟕𝟒
Ex : In figure, calculate the net electrical flux 𝝓 if 𝑬 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑵/𝑪 and the
dimensions of surface is ( 𝟐 × 𝟏 ) 𝒄𝒎 .
𝑬
𝟑𝟎°
Answer : 𝟔𝟎°
𝚽 = 𝑬 ∗ 𝑨 ∗ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 ⃗𝑨
= 𝑬 Ex : In figure, find the electrical flux through each surface if
𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝑵/𝑪 .
. 𝑬⃗
5|P a ge
𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 + (−𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 ) + 𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 + 𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟔
𝚽𝟏 =
𝟖. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐
𝚽𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝑵. 𝒎𝟐 /𝑪
𝒒𝟒 + 𝒒𝟓
𝚽𝟐 =
𝜺𝟎
𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 + 𝟏𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟔
𝚽𝟐 =
𝟖. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐
𝚽𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝑵. 𝒎𝟐 /𝑪
.
Ex : If we have two charge, 𝒒𝟏 = 𝟔𝝁𝑪 at the origin, 𝒒𝟐 = −𝟒𝝁𝑪 at 𝒙 =
𝟐. 𝟎 𝒄𝒎. Find the net electric flux through a sphere of radius
𝟏. 𝟎 𝒄𝒎, centered at the origin.
Answer :
∑ 𝒒𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆
𝚽= 𝒒𝟏 𝒒𝟐
𝜺𝟎
𝟔 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟔
𝚽= 𝒙=𝟎 𝒙=𝟐
𝟖. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐
𝚽 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟖 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝑵. 𝒎𝟐 /𝑪
.
Ex : A cube of side 𝟏𝟎 𝒄𝒎 , contains a charge at its center 𝒒 = 𝟏𝟐𝝁𝑪,
Find :
1) the net electrical flux of cube .
2) the electrical flux through each face.
Answer :
1)
∑ 𝒒𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆
𝚽=
𝜺𝟎
𝒒
𝒒
𝚽𝒄𝒖𝒃𝒆 =
𝜺𝟎
𝟏𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟔
𝚽𝒄𝒖𝒃𝒆 = = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟔 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝑵. 𝒎𝟐 /𝑪
𝟖. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐
.
6|P a ge
.
2)
𝚽𝒏𝒆𝒕
𝚽𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 =
𝟔
𝟏. 𝟑𝟔 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟔
𝚽𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 = = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝑵. 𝒎𝟐 /𝑪
𝟔
𝒙𝒅 𝝀 ∫ → 𝑳 ∗ 𝝀 𝒒
𝑹
𝑨𝒅 𝝈 ∫ → 𝑨 ∗ 𝝈{ = 𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒏𝒊𝒒
𝑽𝒅 𝝆 ∫ → 𝒍𝒐𝑽 ∗ 𝝆
.
سطح غاوس
.
.
المجال المطلوب حسابه ∶ 𝑬
.
. مساحة سطح غاوس ،ليس المجسم ∶ 𝑨
.
الشحنة الكلية داخل سطح غاوس ∶ 𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒏𝒊𝒒 ∑
.
8|P a ge
توضيح :
يوجد نوعان من الكرات هما -:
. الكرة العازلة ( ) Insulating Sphereتحمل كثافة شحنة حجمية 𝝆 -1
وتحتوي بداخلها على شحنات .
+ +
+
+ +
+ + +
+
+ + +
+ + +
+
+
+ +
سطح الكرة
𝟎 = 𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒏𝒊𝑬
.
𝑹
.
At (𝒓 > 𝑅 ) outside the sphere :
الشحنة داخل سطح غاوس هي شحنة الكرة كاملة وعليه :
𝒒
𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒏𝒊 = 𝑨 ∗ 𝑬 سطح الكرة
𝟎𝜺 𝒓
الكرة𝒍𝒐𝑽 ∗ 𝝆 سطح غاوس
)𝟐
𝒓 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝟒( ∗ 𝑬 =
𝟎𝜺
𝟒
) 𝟑𝑹 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ ( ∗ 𝝆
= ) 𝟐𝒓 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝟒( ∗ 𝑬 𝟑
𝟎𝜺
𝟑𝑹 ∗ 𝝆
=𝑬 𝑹
𝟐𝒓 ∗ 𝟎𝜺 ∗ 𝟑
9|P a ge
At (𝒓 = 𝑹) on the surface of the sphere :
𝒒
𝑬=𝒌 حفظ
𝑹𝟐
.
العالقة بين المجال ونصف القطر
.
( conducting ( هذه الرسمة تمثل كرة موصلة
.
.
2- Insulating Sphere :
At (𝒓 < 𝑅 ) inside the sphere :
𝒒𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆
𝑬∗𝑨=
𝜺𝟎
𝝆 ∗ 𝑽𝒐𝒍غاوس
𝑬 ∗ (𝟒 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝒓𝟐 ) =
𝜺𝟎
𝟒
𝝆 ∗ ( ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝒓𝟑 )
𝑬 ∗ (𝟒 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝒓𝟐 ) = 𝟑
𝜺𝟎
𝝆∗𝒓
𝑬=
𝟑 ∗ 𝜺𝟎
.
At (𝒓 > 𝑅 ) outside the sphere :
𝒒𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆
𝑬∗𝑨=
𝜺𝟎
𝝆 ∗ 𝑽𝒐𝒍الكرة
𝑬 ∗ (𝟒 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝒓𝟐 ) =
𝜺𝟎
𝟒
𝝆 ∗ ( ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝑹𝟑 )
𝑬 ∗ (𝟒 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝒓𝟐 ) = 𝟑
𝜺𝟎
𝝆 ∗ 𝑹𝟑
𝑬=
𝟑 ∗ 𝜺𝟎 ∗ 𝒓𝟐
.
At (𝒓 = 𝑹) on the surface of the sphere :
𝒒𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆
𝑬∗𝑨=
𝜺𝟎
𝝆 ∗ 𝑽𝒐𝒍الكرة
𝑬 ∗ (𝟒 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝑹𝟐 ) =
𝜺𝟎
10 | P a g e
𝟒
) 𝟑𝑹∗𝝅∗𝟑(∗𝝆
)𝟐
𝑹 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝟒( ∗ 𝑬 =
𝟎𝜺
𝑹∗𝝆
=𝑬 حفظ
𝟎𝜺 ∗ 𝟑
.
.
.
. الرسم يوضح العالقة بين المجال ونصف القطر لجسم
. كروي معزول ( ) Insulating
.
3- Cylindrical ( Infinite line of charge ) :
سطح غاوس المناسب للسلك هو االسطوانة . infinite
𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒏𝒊𝒒 𝛌
=𝑨∗𝑬 سلك
𝟎𝜺
𝑳∗𝝀 النهائي 𝒓
= )𝑳 ∗ 𝒓 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝟐 ( ∗ 𝑬 الطول
𝟎𝜺 𝟏
=𝒌
𝝀 𝟎𝜺 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝟒
=𝑬
𝒓 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝟎𝜺 ∗ 𝟐
سطح غاوس
𝝀
𝒌𝟐 = 𝑬 𝑳
𝒓
.
. مالحظة....
المجال الكهربائي داخل األسطوانة يساوي
.
صفر .
.
4- Planar (Infinite non-conducting sheet ) :
المجال infinite
الكهربائي الناتج عن صفيحة ال نهائية تحمل كثافة سطحية ( 𝝈 ) في نقطة ما حولها تعطى بالعالقة
التالية:
𝝈
=𝑬
𝟎𝜺 ∗ 𝟐
𝛔− 𝛔+
11 | P a g e 𝑬− 𝑬+
𝑬 +
𝑬 − 𝑬−
𝑬+
: حسب الشكل أعاله فإن المجال الكهربائي بين الصفيحتين يعطى بالعالقة التالية
𝑬𝐧𝐞𝐭 = 𝑬− + 𝑬+
𝝈 𝝈 اإلشارة السالبة ال تعوض بالقانون
𝑬𝒏𝒆𝒕 = +
𝟐 ∗ 𝜺𝟎 𝟐 ∗ 𝜺𝟎
𝝈
𝑬𝒏𝒆𝒕 =
𝜺𝟎
. والمجال خارج الصفيحتين يساوي صفر
𝑬+ − 𝑬− = 𝟎
Ex : A spherical shell of radius ( 𝒂 ) carries a positive
charge of ( 𝟐𝑸 ), is concentric with a conducting
spherical shell of inner radius ( 𝒃 ) and outer radius ( 𝒄 )
carries a negative charge ( −𝑸 ) as shown in the figure,
determine :
a) The magnitude of the electric field at 𝒂 < 𝑟 < 𝑏 .
b) The magnitude of the electric field at 𝒓 > 𝑐 .
Answer :
a)
𝒒𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆
𝑬∗𝑨=
𝜺𝟎
𝒒𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 = 𝟐𝑸
𝟐𝑸
𝑬 ∗ (𝟒 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝒓𝟐 ) =
𝜺𝟎
𝟐𝑸
𝑬=
𝜺𝟎 ∗ 𝟒 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝒓𝟐
𝑸
𝑬 = 𝟐𝒌 𝟐
𝒓
.
b)
12 | P a g e
𝒒𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆
𝑬∗𝑨=
𝜺𝟎
𝒒𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 = 𝟐𝑸 + (−𝑸) = 𝑸
𝑸
𝑬 ∗ (𝟒 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝒓𝟐 ) =
𝜺𝟎
𝑸
𝑬=
𝜺𝟎 ∗ 𝟒 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝒓𝟐
𝑸
𝑬=𝒌 𝟐
𝒓
EX : A thin very large sheet, laid horizontally along the x-axis has a
uniform charge per unit area of 𝟗. 𝟎 𝝁𝑪/𝒎𝟐 . Find the electric field and
direction just above the middle of the sheet:
Answer :
𝝈 = 𝟗 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝑪/𝒎𝟐
𝝈
𝑬=
𝟐 ∗ 𝜺𝟎
𝟗 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟔
𝑬=
𝟐 ∗ 𝟖. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐
𝑬 = 𝟓𝟎𝟖. 𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟑 = 𝟓𝟎𝟖. 𝟓 𝑲𝑵/𝑪 (up ) إلى األعلى
.
Ex : A long cylindrical shell of radius 𝟐. 𝟎 𝒄𝒎 has a charge uniformly
distributed on its surface. If the magnitude of electric field at a point
𝟓. 𝟎 𝒄𝒎 radially outwards from the axis of the shell is 𝟔𝟓 𝑵/𝑪 . How much
charge is distributed on 𝟐. 𝟎 𝒎 length of the charged cylinder surface?
.
𝑹
Answer :
𝒒𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒓
𝑬∗𝑨=
𝜺𝟎
𝝈∗𝑨
𝑬 ∗ (𝟐 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝒓 ∗ 𝑳 ) = سطح غاوس
𝜺𝟎
𝝈 ∗ (𝟐 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝑹 ∗ 𝑳)
𝑬 ∗ (𝟐 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝒓 ∗ 𝑳 ) =
𝜺𝟎
𝝈∗𝑹
𝑬=
𝜺𝟎 ∗ 𝒓
𝝈 ∗ 𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟐
𝟔𝟓 =
𝟖. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐 ∗ 𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟐
13 | P a g e
𝟔𝟓 ∗ 𝟖. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐 ∗ 𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟐
𝝈=
𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟐
𝝈 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟒 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 𝑪
𝒒= 𝝈∗𝑨
𝒒 = 𝝈 ∗ (𝟐 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝑹 ∗ 𝑳 )
𝒒 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟒 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 ∗ (𝟐 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟐 ∗ 𝟐 ) = 𝟑. 𝟔𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟎 𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟔𝟐 𝒏𝑪
.
Ex : Charge of uniform surface density 𝟎. 𝟐𝟎 𝒏𝑪/𝒎𝟐 is distributed over the
entire 𝒙𝒚 plane. Determine the magnitude of electric field at any point
having 𝒛 = 𝟐. 𝟎 𝒎 .
.
Answer :
𝝈 = 𝟎. 𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 𝑪/𝒎𝟐
𝝈
𝑬=
𝟐 ∗ 𝜺𝟎
𝟎. 𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟗
𝑬=
𝟐 ∗ 𝟖. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐
𝑬 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟑 𝑵/𝑪
14 | P a g e
the other carries a charge density of – 𝟖𝟎𝐩𝑪/𝒎𝟐 .What is the magnitude of
electric field at any point not on either surface?
.
Answer :
𝝈𝟏 = 𝟔𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐
𝝈𝟐 = −𝟖𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐
𝝈
𝑬=
𝟐 ∗ 𝜺𝟎
𝟔𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐
𝑬𝟏 = = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟎 𝑵/𝑪
𝟐 ∗ 𝟖. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐
𝟖𝟎∗𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐
𝑬𝟐 = = 𝟒. 𝟓𝟐 𝑵/𝑪
𝟐∗𝟖.𝟖𝟓∗𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐 إستخدمنا هذا القانون ألنه حكالنا متعامدان
perpendicular
𝑬𝒏𝒆𝒕 = √𝑬𝟏 𝟐 + 𝑬𝟐 𝟐
15 | P a g e
Ex : Charge uniformly distributed along the entire x-axis. If each
𝟐𝟎 𝒄𝒎 length of the x-axis carries 𝟐. 𝟎 𝒏𝑪 of charge, what is the
magnitude of the electric field at the point 𝒚 = 𝟐. 𝟎 𝒎, on the y-axis?
Answer :
𝝀
𝑬 = 𝟐𝒌
𝒓
𝒒
𝝀=
𝑳
𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟗
𝝀= = 𝟏𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 𝑪/𝒎
𝟎. 𝟐
𝟗
𝟏𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟗
𝑬 = 𝟐 ∗ 𝟗 ∗ 𝟏𝟎
𝟐
𝑬 = 𝟗𝟎 𝑵/𝑪
.
Ex : A long non-conducting cylinder 𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒔 = 𝟏𝟐 𝒄𝒎 has a charge
uniform density 𝟓. 𝟎 𝒏𝑪/𝒎𝟑 distributed throughout its column. Determine
the magnitude of the electric field 𝟓. 𝟎 𝒄𝒎 from the axis of the
cylinder.
.
Answer : 𝑹 = 𝟏𝟐 𝒄𝒎
𝒒𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆
𝑬∗𝑨=
𝜺𝟎 𝒓 = 𝟓 𝒄𝒎
𝝆 ∗ 𝑽𝒐𝒍سطح غاوس
𝑬 ∗ (𝟐 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝒓 ∗ 𝑳 ) =
𝜺𝟎 سطح غاوس
𝝆 ∗ (𝝅 ∗ 𝒓𝟐 ∗ 𝑳 )
𝑬 ∗ (𝟐 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝒓 ∗ 𝑳) =
𝜺𝟎
𝝆∗𝒓
𝑬=
𝟐 ∗ 𝜺𝟎 سطح المجسم
𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓
𝑬=
𝟐 ∗ 𝟖. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐
𝑬 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟏𝟐 𝑵/𝑪
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16 | P a g e
Ex : A long non-conducting cylinder 𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒔 = 𝟏𝟐 𝒄𝒎 has a charge
uniform density 𝟓. 𝟎 𝒏𝑪/𝒎𝟑 distributed throughout its volume. Determine
the magnitude of the electric field 𝟓. 𝟎 𝒄𝒎 from the axis of the
cylinder.
.
Answer :
𝒒𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆
𝑬∗𝑨=
𝜺𝟎
𝝆∗𝑽𝒐𝒍المجسم
𝑬 ∗ (𝟐 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝒓 ∗ 𝑳) = 𝒓 = 𝟏𝟓𝒄𝒎
𝜺𝟎
𝝆 ∗ (𝝅 ∗ 𝑹𝟐 ∗ 𝑳 )
𝑬 ∗ (𝟐 ∗ 𝝅 ∗ 𝒓 ∗ 𝑳) = 𝑹 = 𝟏𝟐𝒄𝒎
𝜺𝟎
𝝆 ∗ 𝑹𝟐
𝑬=
𝟐 ∗ 𝜺𝟎 ∗ 𝒓 سطح غاوس
𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟐
𝑬=
𝟐 ∗ 𝟖. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓 سطح المجسم
𝑬 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟏𝟐 𝑵/𝑪
.
Ex : The electric field in region of space shown is given by ⃗𝑬
⃗ = (𝟖𝒊̂ + 𝟐𝒚𝒋̂)𝑵/𝑪
where 𝒚 is in 𝒎. What is the magnitude of
electric flux through top face ( upper face ) of
the cube shown?
.
Answer :
𝚽 = ⃗𝑬⃗ . ⃗𝑨⃗
𝒚=𝟐𝒎
⃗𝑬⃗ = 𝟖𝒊̂ + (𝟐 ∗ 𝟑)𝒋̂
⃗𝑬
⃗ = 𝟖𝒊̂ + 𝟔𝒋̂
⃗⃗ = (𝟑 ∗ 𝟑)𝒋̂
𝑨
⃗𝑨
⃗ = 𝟗𝒋̂
𝚽 = ( 𝟖𝒊̂ + 𝟔𝒋̂) . (𝟗𝒋̂)
𝚽 = (𝟖 ∗ 𝟎) + (𝟔 ∗ 𝟗 )
𝚽 = 𝟓𝟒 𝑵. 𝒎𝟐 /𝑪
.
.
.
17 | P a g e
Ex : A point charge +𝑸 is located on the x-axis 𝒙 = 𝒂, and second
point charge – 𝑸 is located on the x-axis at 𝒙 = −𝒂. A Gaussian surface
with radius 𝒓 = 𝟐𝒂 is centered at the origin. The flux through this
Gaussian surface is :
.
Answer :
Zero because the negative flux over one hemisphere is equal to the
positive flux over the other.
Ex : The 𝒙𝒚 plane is painted with a uniform surface charge density
which is equal to 𝟒𝟎 𝒏𝑪/𝒎𝟐 . Consider a spherical surface with a
𝟒. 𝟎 𝒄𝒎 radius that has a point in the 𝒙𝒚 plane as its center. What is
the electric flux through that part of the spherical surface for which
𝒛 >0?
.
Answer : .... توضيح
𝒒𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆
𝚽= في السؤال حكالنا كرة على 𝒚𝒙 وعلى هذا المعطى
𝜺𝟎
𝝈 ∗ 𝑨نصف دائرة فإن الكرة في محورين نالحظها دائرة ولهذا نعتبرها
𝚽= دائرة
𝜺𝟎
(𝛑 ∗ 𝐫 𝟐 ) ولهذا السبب أخذنا مساحة دائرة وليست مساحة كرة
𝝈∗
𝚽= 𝟐
𝛆𝟎 لو حكالنا السؤال كرة على ثالث محاور 𝒛𝒚𝒙 منوخذ
𝝅 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟐 . مساحة كرة
𝟒𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 ∗ ( )
𝚽= 𝟐 . 𝒛 > 0 وأخذنا نصف المساحة ألنه حكالنا بده الجزء
𝟖. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐
𝜱 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟓 𝑵. 𝒎𝟐 /𝑪
.
Ex : If the electric field just outside a thin conducting sheet is equal
to 𝟏. 𝟓 𝑵/𝑪 , determine the surface charge density on the conductor.
.
Answer :
𝝈
𝑬=
𝟐 ∗ 𝜺𝟎
𝝈 = 𝟐 ∗ 𝑬 ∗ 𝜺𝟎
𝝈 = 𝟐 ∗ 𝟏. 𝟓 ∗ 𝟖. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐
𝝈 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟓𝟓 ∗∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟏 𝑪/𝒎𝟐 = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐 𝑪/𝒎𝟐 = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟓 𝐩𝑪/𝒎𝟐
18 | P a g e
Ex : A disk of radius 𝑹 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒄𝒎 is placed in a uniform electric field
𝑬 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑵/𝑪 such that 𝑬 makes an angle of 𝟑𝟕° with the surface of
the disk. Find the electric flux through the disk in ( 𝑵. 𝒎𝟐 /𝑪 )
Answer :
𝚽 = 𝑬 ∗ 𝑨 ∗ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
𝚽 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 ∗ (𝝅 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐 ) ∗ 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟗𝟎° − 𝟑𝟕°)
𝚽 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟗𝟎 𝑵. 𝒎𝟐 /𝑪
.
Ex : A positive point charge 𝒒 is placed at the center of
an uncharged metal sphere insulated from the ground. The outside of
the sphere is then ground as shown. 𝑨 is the inner surface and 𝑩 is
the outer surface. Which statement is correct?
a. The charge on 𝑨 is – 𝒒; that on 𝑩 is +𝒒.
b. The charge on 𝑩 is – 𝒒; that on 𝑨 is +𝒒.
c. The charge is – 𝒒𝟐 on 𝑨 and on 𝑩 .
d. There is no charge either 𝑨 or 𝑩.
e. The charge on 𝑨 is – 𝒒; there is no charge on 𝑩.
Answer :
( e ).
19 | P a g e