1.

If GSM uses a frame structure where each frame consists of

8 time slots, with each time slot of 156.25 bits, and data is
transmitted at 270.833 kbps.

• The time duration of a bit is 𝑇𝑏 = 1 270.833𝑘𝑏𝑝𝑠 = 3.692 𝜇𝑠

• The time duration of a slot is 𝑇𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡 = 156.25 × 𝑇𝑏 = 0.577 𝑚𝑠

• The time duration of a frame is 𝑇𝑓 = 8 × 𝑇𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡 = 4.615 𝑚𝑠

• A user has to wait 4.615 ms for its next transmission

Main features: higher and more flexible data rates, better voice
quality due to new codecs, usage of CDMA (in almost all
systems), operation at 2 GHz. Higher cell capacities and higher
data rates are mainly achieved by more powerful modulation
schemes, better codecs with higher compression rates for
voice, CDMA as additional multiplexing scheme, and more
powerful devices (more precise power adaptation, utilisation of
multipath propagation, …). UMTS implements asymmetrical
data rates and different data rates in the same direction via
different spreading factors. As the chipping rate of UMTS is
always constant, data rates depend on the spreading factor.
The more the data is spread the lower the data rate is.