I) Cross Multiplication

In this method of multiplication, every digit is assigned a place value and the multiplication
is done by equating the place values of multiplicands with the place value of the product.

Let us see this with some examples:

Step 1 Multiply the unit digit of both numbers

Step 2 Multiply and add the ten’s and unit digit as show below

Step 3 Multiply and add the thousand’s, ten’s and unit digit as show below

Step 4 Multiply and add the 10 thousand’s, thousand’s, ten’s and unit digit as shown
below
Step 5 Multiply and add as shown below

Step 6 Multiply and add as shown below

Step 7 Multiply and add as shown below

ab x cd

Similarly, we can have a proper mechanism of multiplication of 2 digits x 3 digits or 3 digits x

3 digits also using the place value method.

Find the product of 24 and 56.

Step 1:
2 4
5 6
6 x 4 = 24
 ------
4
to be carried forward
(CF) to the next step.

Step 2:

(2 x 6) + (4 x 5) + 2 (CF)
2 4

5 6
= 34 ------------
4 4

to be carried forward to the next step.

Step 3:
(5 x 2) + 3 (CF)

2 4

5 6
= 13 --------------
1344
The product of 24 and 56 is 1344.
By observing the above calculation, we summarise the calculations as:
Step 1 : Multiply the right most digits vertically (i.e. 6  4)
Step 2 : Cross multiply and add the carry forward (CF) number (6  2 + 5  4 + CF)
Step 3 : Multiplying the left most digits vertically and add the CF (i.e. 5  2 + CF)